CentOS7安装Mysql 5.7.40
Mysql 5.7.40安装（rpm安装）
MySQL是一个典型的关系数据库，目前是Oracle公司产品之一，也是目前主流使用的关系型数据库之一。使用MySQL可以进行最基本的数据存储、管理、查询等操作，也可以方便的组建数据库集群，配置读写分离。
默认端口号：3306
1、下载安装包
2、MySQL安装
查询卸载冲突软件
[root@192 mysql]# rpm -qa |grep mysql #查询系统中是否安装过旧版本mysql
akonadi-mysql-1.9.2-4.el7.x86_64
qt-mysql-4.8.5-13.el7.x86_64
[root@192 mysql]# rpm -qa |grep mariadb #Centos7默认安装 mariadb ，为防止和MySQL冲突，需要先卸载。
mariadb-libs-5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64
mariadb-server-5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64
mariadb-5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64
[root@192 mysql]# rpm -e --nodeps akonadi-mysql #卸载mysql
[root@192 mysql]# rpm -e --nodeps qt-mysql
[root@192 mysql]# rpm -qa |grep mysql
[root@192 mysql]# rpm -e --nodeps mariadb #卸载mariadb
[root@192 mysql]# rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-libs
[root@192 mysql]# rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-server
[root@192 mysql]# rpm -qa |grep mariadb
安装插件
#在线安装
[root@192 mysql]# yum install autoconf
已加载插件：fastestmirror, langpacks
base | 3.6 kB 00:00:00
docker-ce-stable | 3.5 kB 00:00:00
extras | 2.9 kB 00:00:00
updates | 2.9 kB 00:00:00
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn
* extras: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn
* updates: mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn
软件包 autoconf-2.69-11.el7.noarch 已安装并且是最新版本
无须任何处理
#离线安装
仅需要安装perl-Data-Dumper即可
MySQL rpm安装有依赖关系，所以需要顺序安装
解压安装包
[root@192 mysql]# tar -xvf mysql-5.7.40-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
mysql-community-client-5.7.40-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-common-5.7.40-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-devel-5.7.40-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-embedded-5.7.40-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-embedded-compat-5.7.40-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-embedded-devel-5.7.40-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-libs-5.7.40-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.40-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-server-5.7.40-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-test-5.7.40-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
安装顺序不能乱（依次安装下面5个安装包即可，其他不需要安装）
mysql-community-common-5.7.40-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-libs-5.7.40-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.40-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-client-5.7.40-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-server-5.7.40-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
安装过程
[root@192 mysql]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-common-5.7.40-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
警告：mysql-community-common-5.7.40-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: 头V4 RSA/SHA256 Signature, 密钥 ID 3a79bd29: NOKEY
准备中... ################################# [100%]
正在升级/安装...
1:mysql-community-common-5.7.40-1.e################################# [100%]
[root@192 mysql]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-5.7.40-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
警告：mysql-community-libs-5.7.40-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: 头V4 RSA/SHA256 Signature, 密钥 ID 3a79bd29: NOKEY
准备中... ################################# [100%]
正在升级/安装...
1:mysql-community-libs-5.7.40-1.el7################################# [100%]
[root@192 mysql]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.40-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
警告：mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.40-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: 头V4 RSA/SHA256 Signature, 密钥 ID 3a79bd29: NOKEY
准备中... ################################# [100%]
正在升级/安装...
1:mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.4################################# [100%]
[root@192 mysql]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-5.7.40-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
警告：mysql-community-client-5.7.40-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: 头V4 RSA/SHA256 Signature, 密钥 ID 3a79bd29: NOKEY
准备中... ################################# [100%]
正在升级/安装...
1:mysql-community-client-5.7.40-1.e################################# [100%]
[root@192 mysql]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-5.7.40-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
警告：mysql-community-server-5.7.40-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: 头V4 RSA/SHA256 Signature, 密钥 ID 3a79bd29: NOKEY
准备中... ################################# [100%]
正在升级/安装...
1:mysql-community-server-5.7.40-1.e################################# [100%]
3、启动、连接
启动MySQL
MySQL刚安装是没有密码的，需要初始化一个临时密码，再去修改。
[root@192 mysql]# mysqld --initialize --console #初始化mysql
查看临时密码
[root@192 mysql]# grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log
2023-04-15T11:53:23.768042Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: liud!_bkr69T
更改 /var/lib/mysql 目录权限
[root@192 mysql]# chown -R mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql
启动、关闭
[root@192 lib]# systemctl enable mysqld #设置开机启动
[root@192 lib]# systemctl start mysqld #启动mysql
[root@192 lib]# systemctl stop mysqld #关闭mysql
[root@192 lib]# systemctl restart mysqld #重启mysql
查看mysql状态
[root@192 lib]# systemctl status mysqld #查看mysql状态
● mysqld.service - MySQL Server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since 六 2023-04-15 20:03:58 CST; 2min 25s ago
Docs: man:mysqld(8)
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
Process: 6228 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid $MYSQLD_OPTS ( code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Process: 6204 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 6231 (mysqld)
Memory: 207.2M
CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service
└─6231 /usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
4月 15 20:03:53 192.168.2.15 systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server...
4月 15 20:03:58 192.168.2.15 systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.
连接MySQL
[root@192 lib]# mysql -uroot -p #连接MySQL数据库命令
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.40
Copyright (c) 2000, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> set password = password('admin@123'); #修改MySQL root用户密码
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> select user,host,authentication_string from mysql.user; #查询user表
+---------------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
| user | host | authentication_string |
+---------------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
| root | localhost | *89FA6EAF8B6264AC8D6E84759027252505A3EAEE |
| mysql.session | localhost | *THISISNOTAVALIDPASSWORDTHATCANBEUSEDHERE |
| mysql.sys | localhost | *THISISNOTAVALIDPASSWORDTHATCANBEUSEDHERE |
+---------------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> exit #退出
Bye
防火墙放行3306端口
[root@192 ~]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3306/tcp --permanent
success
[root@192 ~]# systemctl restart firewalld.service
4、实现Navicat连接
如果要使用 Navicat 之类的辅助工具连接MySQL，需要MySQL提供账号和密码。但是MySQL默认不允许 root 用户被外部工具访问，只允许本地访问，所以需要新增对外的账户。
#赋权操作
mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to root@'%' identified by 'admin@123' with grant option;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
#参数说明：GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '123456' WITH GRANT OPTION;
GRANT：赋权命令
ALL PRIVILEGES： 当前用户的所有权限
ON: 介词
*.*：当前用户对所有数据库和表的相应操作权限
TO: 介词
'root'@'%'：权限赋给root用户，所有ip都能连接
IDENTIFIED BY '123456'：连接时输入密码，密码为123456
WITH GRANT OPTION：允许级联赋权
#刷新权限
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
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