数据预处理与特征工程：缺失值处理

一、sklearn中的缺失值处理模块

使用模块：sklearn.impute.SimpleImputer

 使用注意：sklearn中特征矩阵必须是二维的，所以对单列操作时候需要转换为二维均值，方法:shape(-1,1)

官网案例：

>>> import numpy as np
>>> from sklearn.impute import SimpleImputer
>>> imp_mean = SimpleImputer(missing_values=np.nan, strategy='mean')
>>> imp_mean.fit([[7, 2, 3], [4, np.nan, 6], [10, 5, 9]])
SimpleImputer()
>>> X = [[np.nan, 2, 3], [4, np.nan, 6], [10, np.nan, 9]]
>>> print(imp_mean.transform(X))
[[ 7.   2.   3. ]
 [ 4.   3.5  6. ]
 [10.   3.5  9. ]]

泰坦尼克号案例：

from sklearn.impute import SimpleImputer
data = pd.read_csv(r'F:\Python\Narrativedata.csv')
#填补年龄
Age = data.loc[:,"Age"].values.reshape(-1,1) #sklearn当中特征矩阵必须是二维
Age[:20]
from sklearn.impute import SimpleImputer
imp_mean = SimpleImputer() #实例化，默认均值填补
imp_median = SimpleImputer(strategy="median") #用中位数填补
imp_0 = SimpleImputer(strategy="constant",fill_value=0) #用0填补
imp_mean = imp_mean.fit_transform(Age) #fit_transform一步完成调取结果
imp_median = imp_median.fit_transform(Age)
imp_0 = imp_0.fit_transform(Age)
imp_mean[:20]
imp_median[:20]
imp_0[:20] #在这里我们使用中位数填补Age
data.loc[:,"Age"] = imp_median
data.info()
#使用众数填补Embarked
Embarked = data.loc[:,"Embarked"].values.reshape(-1,1)
imp_mode = SimpleImputer(strategy = "most_frequent")
data.loc[:,"Embarked"] = imp_mode.fit_transform(Embarked)

 

 (图片来源：菜菜老师)

二、随机森林回归填补缺失值

（待补充）

三、python与numpy中缺失值填充

import pandas as pd
data = pd.read_csv(r"C:\work\learnbetter\micro-class\week 3 
Preprocessing\Narrativedata.csv",index_col=0)
data.head()
data.loc[:,"Age"] = data.loc[:,"Age"].fillna(data.loc[:,"Age"].median())
#.fillna 在DataFrame里面直接进行填补
data.dropna(axis=0,inplace=True)
#.dropna(axis=0)删除所有有缺失值的行，.dropna(axis=1)删除所有有缺失值的列
#参数inplace，为True表示在原数据集上进行修改，为False表示生成一个复制对象，不修改原数据，默认False