Django 08.07
1.web应用本质
hexo + gitee
socket网络编程:
- 架构:CS架构
- 协议:TCP/UDP
- 传输层
web应用:
- 架构:B/S架构
- 协议:http协议
- 应用层
字符串转字节: d = bytes('hello',encoding='utf-8')
字节转字符串: str(res,encoding='utf-8')
#server.py
def f1():
return bytes('xxxx',encoding='utf-8')
def f2():
fp =open('index.html','r',encoding ='utf-8')
data =fp.read()
return bytes(data,encoding='utf-8')
def f3():
fp = open('f3.html','r',encoding='utf-8')
data = fp.read()
import time
ctime = time.time()
data = data.replace('@@content@@',str(ctime))
return bytes(data,encoding='utf-8')
def f4():
import pymysql
connect = pymysql.connect(host='localhost',user='root',password='123',database='t2')
cursor = connect.cursor(cursor=pymysql.cursors.DictCursor)
sql = 'select *from users'
cursor.execute(sql)
users = cursor.fetchall()
print(users)
res_list = []
for info in users:
res = '<tr><td>%s</td><td>%s</td><td>%s</td></tr>' %
(info['id'],info['name'],info['age'])
res_list.append(res)
s = "".join(res_list)
data = open('users.html','r',encoding='utf-8').read()
data = data.replace('@@content@@',s)
return bytes(data,encoding='utf-8')
def f5():
import pymysql
conn = pymysql.connenct(host='localhost',users='root',password='123',database='t2')
cursor = conn.cursor(cursor=pymysql.cursors.DictCursor)
sql = "select * from users"
cursor.execute(sql)
users = cursor.fetchall()
users2 = open('users2.html','r',encoding='utf-8').read()
from jinja2 import Template
template = Template(users2)
data = template.render(users=users)
return bytes(data,encoding='utf-8')
routes = [
('/xxx',f1),
('/ooo',f2),
('/aaa',f3),
('/kkk',f4),
('/f5',f5)
]
def run():
import socket
server = socket.socket()
server.bind(('127.0.0.1',8080))
sock.listen(5)
while True:
connect,addres = server.accept()
data = connenc.recv(4)
#获取URL
data_str = str(data,encoding='utf-8')
header_list = data_str.spllit('\r\n\r\n')
headers = header_list[0]
url = headers.split('\r\n')[0].split(' ')[1]
#判断URL
func_name = None
for items in routes:
if items[0] == url:
func_name = items[1]
break
if func_name:
res = func_name()
else:
res = bytes('404 not found',encoding='utf-8')
connect.send(bytes("HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n\r\n"),encoding='utf-8')
connect.send(res)
connect.close()
if __name__ == '__main__':
run()
#index html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>hello world</h1>
</body>
</html>
#f3.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
@@content@@
</body>
</html>
#users.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<table border="1px">
<thead>
<tr>
<th>ID</th>
<th>name</th>
<th>age</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
@@content@@
</tbody>
</table>
</body>
</html>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<table border="1px">
<thead>
<tr>
<th>ID</th>
<th>name</th>
<th>age</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
{% for item in users %}
<tr>
<td>{{ item.id }}</td>
<td>{{ item.name }}</td>
<td>{{ item.age }}</td>
</tr>
{% endfor %}
</tbody>
</table>
</body>
</html>
2.自定义一个web框架
Http协议构成:
请求头:
GET / HTTP/1.1
Host: 127.0.0.1:8080
Connection: keep-alive
Cache-Control: max-age=0
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/75.0.3770.142 Safari/537.36
Accept:text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, br
Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.9
请求体: hello world
响应头: HTTP/1.1 200 OK
响应体: "hello world"(用户看到的内容)
web 框架:
a.自己写socket服务端
b.路由系统: URL ===> 函数
c.模板引擎渲染:
1.自己定义的规则
2.使用第三方的工具(jinja2)
web框架的分类:
第一种维度的分类:
1、a.b.c ---> tornado
2、a(引入第三方),b,c ----> django(wsgiref/uwsg)
3、a(引入第三方), b, c(引入第三方) ------> flask
第二种维度的分类:
1、Django -ORM; -session; -form表单验证 ......
2、其它
3.Django的安装与启动
django的安装：
a. pip3 install django==1.11.22 -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
b. pycharm安装
django的创建：
a. django-admin startproject xxx
b. pycharm创建 （*************）
django目录结构：
day08:
day08:
settings.py: 配置文件
urls.py: 路由映射关系
wsgi.py : socket服务端文件
manage.py: 管理文件
启动django服务：
pycharm启动
4.Django的路由介绍
def index(request):
return HttpRseponse('index')
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
url(r'^index/',index),
]
5.Django的模板介绍
模板渲染函数:
def f1(request):
return render(request,'f1.html')
变量替换:
name = 'name1'
render(request,'f1.html',{"name":name})
html页面:
<h2>{{xxx}}</h2>
以后再去创建django项目的时候， 需要做的几个操作:
到settings.py中， 配置：
1. STATIC_URL = '/static/'
STATICFILES_DIRS = (
os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static'),
)
逗号不能少
static目录需要创建
2. MIDDLEWARE = [
'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
#'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
]
3. 'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'templates')]
6.Django的连接数据库操作
a.pymysql连接
b.Django的ORM连接
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