【erlang ~ 4 days】 Day # 2 Concurrent Programming

出处: http://www.erlang.org/course/concurrent_programming.html

 

1. 定义

  a. process  一个concurrent activity, 【线程,进程,whatever】,erlang的虚拟机环境会负责将所有的process并发

  b. Message  一种activity之间交换传达message的方法

  c. Timeout 一种等待一定时间的机制,方法

  d. registered process 一个注册的 concurrent process, 有名字

  e. Server/client Model 服务端/客户端模型 并发环境下的标准模型

 

2. 创建一个新的process

  使用spawn函数,创建新的process【感觉很像fork~~~~】

  Pid2 = spawn(Mod, Func, Args)

3. process间的消息传播

  self() 返回当前process的id

  Simple message with self()

  上图中的From和Msg在被接收的时候,会被bound,Msg中可以包含数据

 

  Message with data

  变量只能绑定一次,如果A之前被绑定过,则只有D会被绑定上【1,2,6】,A维持之前的绑定不变

4. 一个echo程序

-module(echo).
-export([go/0, loop/0]).

go() ->          
  Pid2 = spawn(echo, loop, []),    %创建一个process,其pid与Pid2绑定

  Pid2 ! {self(), hello},    %向pid2 的process发送一个消息
  receive                                   %接收消息

    {Pid2, Msg} ->                %如果收到这个,执行下边的东东

      io:format("P1 ~w~n",[Msg])
  end,
  Pid2 ! stop.                          %向pid2的process发送stop消息

 

loop() ->
  receive         %接收消息
    {From, Msg} ->             %收到{From, Msg}pattern的message
      From ! {self(), Msg},  %向发送者回复消息,echo
      loop();                    %【这里是??递归?或者是?不懂】
    stop ->
      true
  end.

 

5. Selective Mesage Reception 【选择性接收消息】

  Two sender and one reader using two receive statements

  The message foo is received - then the message bar - irrespective of the order in which they were sent.

  ---

  【process C中的两个receive依次接收,先接收foo,再接收bar,与发送顺序无关,会hang住?】

6. Selection of any message 【接收任何消息】

  Two sender and one reader using one receive statement

  The first message to arrive at the process C will be processed - the variable Msg in the process C will be bound to one of the atoms foo or bar depending on which arrives first.

  ---

  C 会接收任何消息,处理顺序和发送顺序相同

7. A Telephony Example

  A and B sends to Call

  

  ringing_a(A, B) ->
    receive
      {A, on_hook} ->
        A ! {stop_tone, ring},
        B ! terminate,
        idle(A);
      {B, answered} ->
        A ! {stop_tone, ring},
        switch ! {connect, A, B},
        conversation_a(A, B)
    end.


This is the code in the process `Call. A and B are local bound variables in the process Call.

8. 消息中可以包含pid

  Pass messages

  

  A sends a message to B containing the Pid of A.
  B sends a transfer message to C.
  C replies directly to A.

 

9. registered process

  register(Alias, Pid) Registers the process Pid with the name Alias.

  start() ->
    Pid = spawn(num_anal, server, [])
    register(analyser, Pid).

  analyse(Seq) ->
    analyser ! {self(),{analyse,Seq}},
    receive
    {analysis_result,R} ->
      R
    end.


  Any process can send a message to a registered process.

  ---

  可以通过process注册的名字向其发送消息

10. Server client model

  Cliends/server

  Protocol 【通信协议】

  Protocol

  Server code

  -module(myserver)

  server(data)->

    receive

      {From, {request, X}} ->

        {R, Data1} = fn(X, Data),
        From ! {myserver,{reply, R}},
        server(Data1)
    end.

  client code

  -export([request/1]).

  request(Req) ->
    myserver ! {self(),{request,Req}},
    receive
      {myserver,{reply,Rep}} ->
      Rep
    end.

 

11. Timeouts 【超时】

  Action after timeout

  如果B在Time内接收到foo,执行Actions1,否则执行actions2

  Uses of Timeouts

  sleep(T)- process suspends for T ms.

  sleep(T) ->
    receive
    after

      T ->
        true
    end.

  suspend() - process suspends indefinitely.

  suspend() ->
    receive
    after
      infinity ->
      true
    end.


  alarm(T, What) - The message What is sent to the current process iin T miliseconds from now
  set_alarm(T, What) ->
    spawn(timer, set, [self(),T,What]).

  set(Pid, T, Alarm) ->
  receive
  after
    T ->  
      Pid ! Alarm
  end.
  receive  
  Msg ->
    ... ;
  end

  flush() - flushes the message buffer

  flush() ->
  receive
    Any ->
      flush()
    after
    0 ->
      true
  end.

  A value of 0 in the timeout means check the message buffer first and if it is empty execute the following code.

posted @ 2013-05-04 16:24  ~嘉言懿行~~我是煲仔饭~~  阅读(175)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报