全球土地利用数据ESRI 10m Annual Land Use Land Cover (2017-2021)介绍及下载

ESRI Land Cover 10 m(2017-2021)土地利用数据介绍及下载

数据介绍

参考链接：
https://livingatlas.arcgis.com/landcover/
https://gee-community-catalog.org/projects/esrilc2020/
https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=cfcb7609de5f478eb7666240902d4d3d
Esri | Sentinel-2 Land Cover Explorer
This layer displays a global map of land use/land cover (LULC) derived from ESA Sentinel-2 imagery at 10m resolution. Each year is generated with Impact Observatory’s deep learning AI land classification model, trained using billions of human-labeled image pixels from the National Geographic Society. The global maps are produced by applying this model to the Sentinel-2 Level-2A image collection on Microsoft’s Planetary Computer, processing over 400,000 Earth observations per year.
显示了从欧空局Sentinel-2图像中以10米分辨率获取的的全球土地利用/土地覆盖图（LULC）。每年都使用Impact Observatory的深度学习AI土地分类模型生成，该模型使用国家地理学会的数十亿人类标记图像像素进行训练。全球地图是通过将该模型应用于微软行星计算机上的哨兵-2 2A级图像采集而生成的，每年处理超过400000次地球观测。

一共有九类，2017年由于影像数量较少精度较低

由一个深度学习模型生成的，该模型使用超过50亿个手写标记的Sentinel-2像素进行训练，这些像素来自分布于世界所有主要生物群落的20000多个地点。
基础的深度学习模型使用6个波段的Sentinel-2 L2A表面反射率数据：可见蓝色、绿色、红色、近红外和两个短波红外波段。为了创建最终地图，该模型在全年的多个图像日期上运行，并将输出合成每年的最终代表性地图。

Variable mapped: Land use/land cover in 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022
Source Data Coordinate System: Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) WGS84
Service Coordinate System: Web Mercator Auxiliary Sphere WGS84 (EPSG:3857)
Extent: Global
Source imagery: Sentinel-2 L2A
Cell Size: 10-meters
Type: Thematic
Attribution: Esri, Impact Observatory, and Microsoft

数据引用：Karra, Kontgis, et al. “Global land use/land cover with Sentinel-2 and deep learning.”
IGARSS 2021-2021 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2021.
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9553499

类别定义

The output provides a 9-class map of the surface, including vegetation types, bare surface, water, cropland and built areas.
Category Land Cover Class Hex Code
1 No Data #FFFFFF
2 Water #1A5BAB
3 Trees #358221
4 Grass #A7D282
5 Flooded Vegetation #87D19E
6 Crops #FFDB5C
7 Scrub/Shrub #EECFA8
8 Built Area #ED022A
9 Bare Ground #EDE9E4
10 Snow/Ice #F2FAFF
11 Clouds #C8C8C8

Water
Areas where water was predominantly present throughout the year; may not cover areas with sporadic or ephemeral water; contains little to no sparse vegetation, no rock outcrop nor built up features like docks; examples: rivers, ponds, lakes, oceans, flooded salt plains.

Trees
Any significant clustering of tall (~15 feet or higher) dense vegetation, typically with a closed or dense canopy; examples: wooded vegetation, clusters of dense tall vegetation within savannas, plantations, swamp or mangroves (dense/tall vegetation with ephemeral water or canopy too thick to detect water underneath).

Flooded vegetation
Areas of any type of vegetation with obvious intermixing of water throughout a majority of the year; seasonally flooded area that is a mix of grass/shrub/trees/bare ground; examples: flooded mangroves, emergent vegetation, rice paddies and other heavily irrigated and inundated agriculture.

Crops
Human planted/plotted cereals, grasses, and crops not at tree height; examples: corn, wheat, soy, fallow plots of structured land.

Built Area
Human made structures; major road and rail networks; large homogenous impervious surfaces including parking structures, office buildings and residential housing; examples: houses, dense villages / towns / cities, paved roads, asphalt.

Bare ground
Areas of rock or soil with very sparse to no vegetation for the entire year; large areas of sand and deserts with no to little vegetation; examples: exposed rock or soil, desert and sand dunes, dry salt flats/pans, dried lake beds, mines.

Snow/Ice
Large homogenous areas of permanent snow or ice, typically only in mountain areas or highest latitudes; examples: glaciers, permanent snowpack, snow fields.

Clouds
No land cover information due to persistent cloud cover.

Rangeland
Open areas covered in homogenous grasses with little to no taller vegetation; wild cereals and grasses with no obvious human plotting (i.e., not a plotted field); examples: natural meadows and fields with sparse to no tree cover, open savanna with few to no trees, parks/golf courses/lawns, pastures. Mix of small clusters of plants or single plants dispersed on a landscape that shows exposed soil or rock; scrub-filled clearings within dense forests that are clearly not taller than trees; examples: moderate to sparse cover of bushes, shrubs and tufts of grass, savannas with very sparse grasses, trees or other plants.

水
全年主要有水的地区；不得覆盖有零星或短暂水的区域；几乎没有稀疏的植被，没有岩石露头，也没有码头这样的建筑；例如：河流、池塘、湖泊、海洋、泛滥的盐原。
树
高大（约15英尺或更高）密集植被的任何明显集群，通常具有封闭或密集的树冠；例如：树木繁茂的植被，稀树草原、种植园、沼泽或红树林中密集的高大植被（密集/高大的植被，有短暂的水或树冠太厚，无法探测到下面的水）。
洪水淹没的植被
在一年的大部分时间里，任何类型的植被都有明显的水混合；季节性洪水区，由草/灌木/树木/裸地混合而成；例如：被洪水淹没的红树林、紧急植被、稻田和其他严重灌溉和淹没的农业。
作物
人类种植/绘制的谷物、草和非树高作物；例如：玉米、小麦、大豆、休耕的结构化土地。
建筑面积
人造结构；主要公路和铁路网；大型均质不透水表面，包括停车场、办公楼和住宅；例如：房屋、密集的村庄/城镇/城市、铺设的道路、沥青。
裸露的地面
全年植被非常稀疏或没有植被的岩石或土壤区域；大面积的沙漠和沙漠，没有或很少植被；例如：裸露的岩石或土壤、沙漠和沙丘、干燥的盐滩/盆地、干燥的湖床、矿山。
雪/冰
大面积均匀的永久性雪或冰，通常仅在山区或高纬度地区；例如：冰川、永久积雪、雪原。
云
由于持续的云层覆盖，没有土地覆盖信息。
牧场
开阔地区覆盖着同质的草，很少或没有较高的植被；没有明显人类绘图的野生谷物和草（即，没有绘图的田地）；例如：天然草地和田野，稀疏或没有树木覆盖，开阔的稀树草原，很少或没有树木，公园/高尔夫球场/草坪，牧场。小簇植物或单个植物的混合物，分散在显示裸露土壤或岩石的景观上；茂密森林中灌木丛生的空地，明显不高于树木；例如：中等至稀疏的灌木、灌木和丛生的草，稀稀树草原上有非常稀疏的草、树木或其他植物。