Spring Boot 教程:异常处理

    对于企业应用而言,在 API 中处理好异常和错误是至关重要的。本文将带你学习如果在 Spring Boot 中处理异常。
    在学习异常处理前让我们先来理解下面的注解:

Controller Advice

    @ControllerAdvice 注解用于处理全局异常。

Exception Handler

    @ExceptionHandler 注解是用于处理指定的异常并向客户端发送一个自定义的响应。
    可以使用下面的代码来创建 @ControllerAdvice 类以处理全局异常:
package com.tutorialspoint.demo.exception;
 
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice;
 
@ControllerAdvice
   public class ProductExceptionController {
}
    定义一个继承 RuntimeException 的类。
package com.tutorialspoint.demo.exception;
 
public class ProductNotfoundException extends RuntimeException {
   private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
}
    如下所示,可以定义 @ExceptionHandler 方法来处理异常。这个方法应当被用于编写 Controller Advice 类文件。
@ExceptionHandler(value = ProductNotfoundException.class)
 
public ResponseEntity<Object> exception(ProductNotfoundException exception) {
}
    现在,使用以下代码来抛出来自 API 的异常:
@RequestMapping(value = "/products/{id}", method = RequestMethod.PUT)
public ResponseEntity<Object> updateProduct() {
   throw new ProductNotfoundException();
}
    完整的异常处理代码如下所示。在这个例子中,我们使用 PUT API 来更新产品。当更新产品时,如果找不到产品,返回的响应消息是 “Product not found”。注意 ProductNotFoundException 异常类应当继承 RuntimeException。
package com.tutorialspoint.demo.exception;
public class ProductNotfoundException extends RuntimeException {
   private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
}
    Controller Advice 类处理全局异常,如下所示。我们可以在这个类文件中定义任何 Exception Handler 方法。
package com.tutorialspoint.demo.exception;
 
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ExceptionHandler;
 
@ControllerAdvice
public class ProductExceptionController {
   @ExceptionHandler(value = ProductNotfoundException.class)
   public ResponseEntity<Object> exception(ProductNotfoundException exception) {
      return new ResponseEntity<>("Product not found", HttpStatus.NOT_FOUND);
   }
}
    下面的 Product Service API controller 文件更新产品。如果产品不存在,就抛出 ProductNotFoundException 类。
package com.tutorialspoint.demo.controller;
 
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
 
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
 
import com.tutorialspoint.demo.exception.ProductNotfoundException;
import com.tutorialspoint.demo.model.Product;
 
@RestController
public class ProductServiceController {
   private static Map<String, Product> productRepo = new HashMap<>();
   static {
      Product honey = new Product();
      honey.setId("1");
      honey.setName("Honey");
      productRepo.put(honey.getId(), honey);
      
      Product almond = new Product();
      almond.setId("2");
      almond.setName("Almond");
      productRepo.put(almond.getId(), almond);
   }
   
   @RequestMapping(value = "/products/{id}", method = RequestMethod.PUT)
   public ResponseEntity<Object> updateProduct(@PathVariable("id") String id, @RequestBody Product product) {
      if(!productRepo.containsKey(id))throw new ProductNotfoundException();
      productRepo.remove(id);
      product.setId(id);
      productRepo.put(id, product);
      return new ResponseEntity<>("Product is updated successfully", HttpStatus.OK);
   }
}
    主 Spring Boot 应用类文件如下:
package com.tutorialspoint.demo;
 
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
 
@SpringBootApplication
public class DemoApplication {
   public static void main(String[] args) {
      SpringApplication.run(DemoApplication.class, args);
   }
}
    产品 POJO 类 如下:
package com.tutorialspoint.demo.model;
public class Product {
   private String id;
   private String name;
 
   public String getId() {
      return id;
   }
   public void setId(String id) {
      this.id = id;
   }
   public String getName() {
      return name;
   }
   public void setName(String name) {
      this.name = name;
   }
}
    Maven build – pom.xml 代码如下所示:
<?xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8"?>
   xsi:schemaLocation = "http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
   
   <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
   <groupId>com.tutorialspoint</groupId>
   <artifactId>demo</artifactId>
   <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
   <packaging>jar</packaging>
   <name>demo</name>
   <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
 
   <parent>
      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
      <version>1.5.8.RELEASE</version>
      <relativePath/>
   </parent>
 
   <properties>
      <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
      <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
      <java.version>1.8</java.version>
   </properties>
 
   <dependencies>
      <dependency>
         <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
         <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
         <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
         <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
         <scope>test</scope>
      </dependency>
   </dependencies>
 
   <build>
      <plugins>
         <plugin>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
         </plugin>
      </plugins>
   </build>
   
</project>
    Gradle Build – build.gradle 代码如下:
buildscript {
   ext {
      springBootVersion = '1.5.8.RELEASE'
   }
   repositories {
      mavenCentral()
   }
   dependencies {
      classpath("org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-gradle-plugin:${springBootVersion}")
   }
}
apply plugin: 'java'
apply plugin: 'eclipse'
apply plugin: 'org.springframework.boot'
 
group = 'com.tutorialspoint'
version = '0.0.1-SNAPSHOT'
sourceCompatibility = 1.8
 
repositories {
   mavenCentral()
}
dependencies {
   compile('org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-web')
   testCompile('org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-test')
}
    你可以使用 Maven 或 Gradle 命令构建 JAR 并运行 Spring Boot 应用:
    Maven 命令如下:
mvn clean install
    “BUILD SUCCESS” 之后,你可以在 target 目录下找到 JAR 文件。
    Gradle 可以使用如下命令:
gradle clean build
    “BUILD SUCCESSFUL” 后,你可以在 build/libs 目录下找到 JAR 文件。
    你可以使用下面的命令运行 JAR 文件。
java –jar <JARFILE>
    在 Tomcat 8080 端口启动应用,如下所示:
    现在,在 POSTMAN 应用中单击下面的 URL,你可以看到如下输出:
 
posted @ 2020-08-23 01:30  码者无疆  阅读(325)  评论(0)    收藏  举报