学习笔记20.网络编程
网络通信的要素
- 网络编程中有两个主要问题
- 如何准确定位网络上的一台或多台主机(ip)
- 找到主机之后如何进行通信
- 网络编程中的要素
- IP 和 端口号
- 网络通信协议
IP地址
ip地址:InetAddress
-
唯一定位一台网络上计算机
-
127.0.0.1:本机 localhost
-
ip地址的分类
-
ipv4 / ipv6
-
IPV4 127.0.0.1 4个字节组成。0~255,42亿个;30亿都在北美,亚洲4亿。2011年就用尽了;
-
IPV6 128位。8个无符号整数!
2001:0bb2:aaaa:0015:0000:0000:1aaaa:1312
-
-
公网(互联网)-私网(局域网)
- ABCD类地址
- 192.169.xx.xx,专门给组织内部使用的
-
-
域名:记忆IP问题!
//查询本机地址 InetAddress inetAddress1 = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"); System.out.println(inetAddress1); InetAddress inetAddress3 = InetAddress.getByName("localhost"); System.out.println(inetAddress3); InetAddress inetAddress4 = InetAddress.getLocalHost(); System.out.println(inetAddress4); //查询网站ip地址 InetAddress inetAddress2 = InetAddress.getByName("www.baidu.com"); System.out.println(inetAddress2); //常用方法 //System.out.println(inetAddress2.getAddress()); 没啥用 System.out.println(inetAddress2.getCanonicalHostName()); //规范的名字 System.out.println(inetAddress2.getHostAddress()); //ip System.out.println(inetAddress2.getHostName()); //域名,或者自己电脑的名字
端口
端口表示计算机上的一个程序的进程:
-
不同的进程有不同的端口号!用来区分软件!
-
数量: 0~65535
-
单个协议下端口号不能冲突
-
端口分类
-
公有端口 0~1023
- HTTP:80
- HTTPS:443
- FTP:21
- SHH:22
- Telent:23
-
程序注册端口:1024~49151,分配给用户或者程序
- Tomcat:8080
- MySQL:3306
- Oracle:1521
-
动态、私有:49152~65535
netstat -ano #查看所有的端口 netstat -ano|findstr "5900" #查看指定的端口 tasklist|findstr "8696" #查看指定端口的进程 -
InetSocketAddress socketAddress = new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1", 8080); InetSocketAddress socketAddress2 = new InetSocketAddress("localhost", 8080); System.out.println(socketAddress); System.out.println(socketAddress2); System.out.println(socketAddress.getAddress()); System.out.println(socketAddress.getHostName());//地址 System.out.println(socketAddress.getPort());//端口
-
通信协议
协议:一个约定。
网络通信协议:速率,传输码率,代码结构,传输控制...
问题:非常的复杂
大事化小:分层!
TCP/IP协议簇:实际上是一组协议
重要:
- TCP:用户传输协议
- UDP:用户数据报协议
出门的协议:
- TCP:
- IP:网络互联协议
TCP udp 对比
TCP:打电话
-
连接,稳定
-
三次握手四次挥手最少需要三次,保证稳定连接! A:你瞅啥? B:瞅你咋地? A:干一场! A:我要走了! B:你真的要走了吗? B:你真的真的要走了吗? A:我真的要走了! -
客户端、服务端
-
传输完成,释放连接,效率低
UDP:发短信
- 不连接,不稳定
- 客户端、服务端:没有明确的界限
- 不管有没有准备好,都可以发给你..
- 导弹攻击
- DDOS:洪水攻击!(饱和攻击)
TCP
客户端
- 连接服务器 Soket
- 发生消息
public class TcpClientDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Socket socket =null;
OutputStream os=null;
try {
//1.要知道服务器地址,地址
InetAddress serverIP = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
int port = 9999;
//3.创建一个socket连接
socket = new Socket(serverIP,port);
//3.发生消息 IO
os = socket.getOutputStream();
os.write("你好,我是傻逼".getBytes());
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
try {
os.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
服务器
- 建立服务的端口 ServerSocket
- 等待用户的连接 accept
- 接受用户消息
public class TcpServerDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ServerSocket serverSocket = null;
Socket socket = null;
InputStream is = null;
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = null;
try {
//1.我得有一个地址
serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9999);
//2.等待客户端连接过来
socket = serverSocket.accept();
//3.读取客户端消息
is = socket.getInputStream();
baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len = is.read(buffer))!=-1){
baos.write(buffer,0,len);
}
System.out.println(baos.toString());
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
//关闭资源
try {
baos.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
try {
is.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
try {
serverSocket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
文件上传
服务器
package com.cola.lesson02;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
public class TcpServerDemo02 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
//1.创建服务
ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9000);
//2.监听客户端连接
Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();//阻塞式监听,会一直等待客户端连接
//3.获取输入流
InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
//4.文件输出
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(new File("receive.jpg"));
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len=is.read(buffer))!=-1){
fos.write(buffer,0,len);
}
//通知客户端连接完毕
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
os.write("我接受完毕了,请滚蛋".getBytes());
//关闭资源
fos.close();
is.close();
socket.close();
serverSocket.close();
}
}
package com.cola.lesson02;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
public class TcpClientDemo02 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
//1.创建一个Socket连接
Socket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"), 9000);
//2.创建一个输出流
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
//3.读取文件
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(new File("touxiang.jpg"));
//4.写出文件
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len=fis.read(buffer))!=-1){
os.write(buffer,0,len);
}
//通知服务器我已经结束了
socket.shutdownOutput();//我已经传输完了!
//确定服务器接受完毕,才能断开连接
InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream();
//String byte[]
ByteArrayOutputStream baos= new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buffer2 = new byte[1024];
int len2;
while ((len2=inputStream.read(buffer2))!=-1){
baos.write(buffer2,0,len2);
}
System.out.println(baos.toString());
//5.关闭异常
baos.close();
inputStream.close();
fis.close();
os.close();
socket.close();
}
}
Tomcat
服务端
- 自定义 S
- Tomcat S:Java后台开发!
客户端
- 自定义 C
- 浏览器 B
UDP
发短信:不用连接,需要知道对方地址
发送消息
package com.cola.lesson03;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetAddress;
//不需要连接服务器
public class UdpClientDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
//1.建立一个socket
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket();
//2.建个包
String msg = "你好啊,服务器!";
InetAddress localhost = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
int port = 9090;
//数据,数据长度起始,要发送给谁
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(msg.getBytes(), 0, msg.getBytes().length, localhost, port);
//3.发送包
socket.send(packet);
//4.关闭流
socket.close();
}
}
接收端
package com.cola.lesson03;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
//还是要等待客户端的连接
public class UdpServerDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
//开放端口
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(9090);
//接收数据包
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buffer, 0, buffer.length);//接收
socket.receive(packet);//阻塞接收
System.out.println(packet.getAddress().getHostAddress());
System.out.println(new String(packet.getData(),0,packet.getLength()));
//关闭连接
socket.close();
}
}
咨询
循环发送消息
package com.cola.chat;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
public class UdpSenderDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(8888);
//准备数据:控制台读取System.in
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
while (true){
String data = reader.readLine();
byte[] datas = data.getBytes();
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas,0,datas.length,new InetSocketAddress("localhost",6666));
socket.send(packet);
if (data.equals("bye")){
break;
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
循环接收消息
package com.cola.chat;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
public class UdpReceiveDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(6666);
//准备接收包裹
while (true){
byte[] container = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container,0,container.length);
socket.receive(packet);//阻塞式接收包裹
//断开连接 bye
byte data[] = packet.getData();
String receiveDatas = new String(data, 0, data.length);
System.out.println(receiveDatas);
if (receiveDatas.equals("bye")){
break;
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
URL
统一资源定位符:定位次元,定位互联网上的某一资源
协议://ip地址:端口/项目名/资源
URL下载图片
package com.cola.lesson04;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLConnection;
public class UrlDown {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
//1.下载地址
URL url = new URL("http://localhost:8080/cola/SecurityFile.txt");
//2.连接道这个资源 HTTP
HttpURLConnection urlConnection = (HttpURLConnection)url.openConnection();
InputStream inputStream = urlConnection.getInputStream();
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("SecurityFile.txt");
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len = inputStream.read(buffer))!=-1){
fos.write(buffer,0, len);//写出这个数据
}
fos.close();
inputStream.close();
urlConnection.disconnect();//断开连接
}
}
给时光以生命,给岁月以文明。

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