hive DML操作

1、数据导入

1)向表中装载数据(load)

语法
hive> load data [local] inpath '/opt/module/datas/student.txt' [overwrite] into table student [partition (partcol1=val1,…)];

(1)load data:表示加载数据

(2)local:表示从本地加载数据到hive表;否则从HDFS加载数据到hive表

(3)inpath:表示加载数据的路径

(4)overwrite:表示覆盖表中已有数据,否则表示追加

(5)into table:表示加载到哪张表

(6)student:表示具体的表

(7)partition:表示上传到指定分区

实例操作

创建一张表

create table student(id string,name string)
row format delimited fields terminated by '\t';

(1)加载本地文件到hive

load data local inpath '/opt/student.txt' into table student;

(2)加载hdfs文件到hive

load data inpath '/user/hive/warehouse/stu.txt' into table student;

(3)加载数据覆盖表中已有的数据

load data inpath '/user/hive/warehouse/stu.txt' overwrite into table student;

2)通过查询语句向表中插入数据(insert)

创建一张分区表

create table student(id int, name string) partitioned by (month string) row format delimited fields terminated by '\t';

(1)基本插入

insert into table student partition(month='2019') values(1,"wang"),(2,"zhang");
insert  overwrite table stu partition(month='2019') select id,name from  student where month='2019';

insert into :以追加数据的方式插入到表或分区,原有数据不会删除

insert overwrite:会覆盖表或分区中已经存在的数据

insert 不支持插入部分字段

(2)多表(多分区)插入

from student
insert overwrite table student partition(month='201706')
select id,name where month='201706'
insert overwrite table student partition(month='201707')
select id,name where month='201707';

3)查询语句中创建表并加载数据(as select)

create table if not exists stu
as
select id,name from student;

4)创建表时通过location指定加载数据路径

create external table if not exists student(
id int ,name string
)
row format delimited fields terminated by '\t'
location '/student';

5)Import数据到指定hive表中

先用export导出后,再将数据导入

import table stu partition(month='201901')
from
'/user/hive/warehouse/export/student';

2、数据导出

1)insert导出

(1)将查询的结果导出到本地(各列数据紧挨着,没有分隔符)

insert overwrite local directory '/opt/export/student' select * from student;

(2)将查询的结果格式化导出到本地

insert overwrite local directory '/opt/export/student' row format delimited fileds terminated by '\t' select * from student;

(3)将查询结果导出到hdfs上(没有local)

insert overwrite local directory '/user/hive/warehouse/export/student' row format delimited fileds terminated by '\t' select * from student;

2)hadoop命令导出到本地

dfs -get /user/hive/warehouse/student/month=201709/000000_0 /opt/module/datas/export/student.txt;

3)hive shell命令导出

hive -f/-e 执行语句或者脚本 > file

hive -e 'select * from student' > /opt/datas/student.txt;

4)export导出到hdfs上

export table student to  '/user/hive/warehouse/export/student';

export 和import主要用于两个hadoop平台集群之间hive表迁移

posted @ 2019-10-24 15:02  hyunbar  阅读(346)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报