ubuntu24下安装ansible

环境:
OS:ubuntu 24.04

ansible:2.16.3

拓扑结构:
角色 IP地址 主机名
Ansible 服务端 192.168.1.100 master
客户端 1 192.168.1.102 node01

 

1.关闭防火墙
每台机器都要操作
sudo ufw disable

 

2.设置主机名
# 服务端执行
sudo hostnamectl set-hostname master
# 客户端1执行
sudo hostnamectl set-hostname node01

 

3.配置/etc/hosts
cat >> /etc/hosts << EOF
192.168.1.100 master
192.168.1.102 node01
EOF

 

4.安装ansible
只在master机器上执行
hxl@master:~$sudo apt update
hxl@master:~$sudo apt install ansible

 

查看安装的版本

hxl@master:~$ sudo ansible --version
ansible [core 2.16.3]
  config file = None
  configured module search path = ['/root/.ansible/plugins/modules', '/usr/share/ansible/plugins/modules']
  ansible python module location = /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/ansible
  ansible collection location = /root/.ansible/collections:/usr/share/ansible/collections
  executable location = /usr/bin/ansible
  python version = 3.12.3 (main, Jun 19 2026, 12:46:00) [GCC 13.3.0] (/usr/bin/python3)
  jinja version = 3.1.2
  libyaml = True

 

5.服务端生成 SSH 密钥(实现免密登录客户端)
普通账号hxl下操作
#一路回车,无需设置密码

hxl@master:~$ ssh-keygen -t rsa
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa): 
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): 
Enter same passphrase again: 
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:my3/U34VLh0AqO+3LM356ccaFRaAsM6pz50gbuBpuk8 root@master
The key's randomart image is:
+---[RSA 3072]----+
|         .o.o... |
|         ... .  .|
|        ..    .o |
|       .o .   .o.|
|        S+    o.o|
|     .  .=   .oo.|
|    .Eoo=.+ .+o .|
|    .+..+=+=o +o.|
|   o=... o+*=*o. |
+----[SHA256]-----+

 

分发公钥到客户端(服务端执行)
#分发到 node01,这里使用的是普通用户hxl

hxl@master:~$ ssh-copy-id hxl@node01
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub"
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys
hxl@node01's password: 

Number of key(s) added: 1

Now try logging into the machine, with:   "ssh 'hxl@node01'"
and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.

 

6.免密验证(服务端测试)
hxl@master:~$ ssh node01 hostname
node01

 

7.服务端配置Ansible主机清单
自己单独创建ini文件,如下

sudo vi /tmp/inventory.ini
[mytest]
192.168.1.102

 

8.连通性测试

hxl@master:~$ ansible mytest -m ping -i /tmp/inventory.ini
192.168.1.102 | SUCCESS => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python3"
    },
    "changed": false,
    "ping": "pong"
}

 

9.应用
查看客户端根目录/目录的磁盘使用情况

方法1:
获取ip和usage

hxl@master:~$ ansible mytest -m shell -a 'df -h / | awk "NR==2{gsub(/%/,\"\",\$5);print \$5}"' -i /tmp/inventory.ini | awk '/^[0-9]+\.[0-9]+\.[0-9]+\.[0-9]+/ {ip=$1;next}{if(ip!=""){print "IP: " ip " , usage: " $0;ip=""}}'
IP: 192.168.1.102 , usage: 46

 

方法2:

 

hxl@master:~$ more /tmp/test2.yml
---
- name: mytesthxl
  hosts: mytest
  gather_facts: false
  tasks:
    - shell: df -h / | awk 'NR==2{gsub(/%/,"",$5);print $5}'
      register: disk_info
    - shell: date "+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"
      register: host_time
    - set_fact:
        result_line: "IP: {{ inventory_hostname }} , usage: {{ disk_info.stdout }} ,采集时间: {{ host_time.stdout }}"
    - debug:
        msg: "{{ result_line }}"

 

 

 

执行

 

hxl@master:~$ ansible-playbook /tmp/test2.yml -i /tmp/inventory.ini | grep msg | awk -F'"' '{print $4}'
IP: 192.168.1.102 , usage: 46 ,采集时间: 2026-07-30 17:46:37