es备份单独的索引进行异机恢复
环境:
os:Centos 7
es(单机):源端6.5.0 目的端:6.8.5
说明:
a.目的端在运行ES有备份的话需要全部删除，确保目的端ES备份目录只保留源端备份过来的文件
1.确定备份的路径
源端(192.168.1.136):
path.repo: /home/hxl/single_elasticsearch/esbak
目的端(192.168.1.69):
path.repo: /home/middle/elasticsearch/esbak
2.源端进行备份
这里保证当前的es只保留一份备份(若保留多个备份,备份文件都是放同一个目录,无法区分具体是那个备份),因为我们这里是需要拷贝到远程机器恢复的保留多份的话,数据量比较大,压缩和解压，传输都消耗时间.
查看备份
curl -X GET "192.168.1.136:19200/_snapshot/esbackup/_all?pretty"
删除备份
curl -H "Content-Type: application/json" -XDELETE "http://192.168.1.136:19200/_snapshot/esbackup/snapshot_20250515"
curl -H "Content-Type: application/json" -XDELETE "http://192.168.1.136:19200/_snapshot/esbackup/snapshot_20250516"
##创建备份仓库目录
curl -H "Content-Type: application/json" -XPUT http://192.168.1.136:19200/_snapshot/esbackup -d'{
"type": "fs",
"settings": {
"location": "/home/hxl/single_elasticsearch/esbak"
}
}'
##备份
curl -H "Content-Type: application/json" -XPUT http://192.168.1.136:19200/_snapshot/esbackup/snapshot_$now_date
curl -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -XPUT "192.168.1.136:19200/_snapshot/esbackup/mysomeindex_bak_20250516?wait_for_completion=true&pretty" -d'
{
"indices": "inoculate_new,reservation_new"
}'
带上wait_for_completion=true终端窗口会一直等待命令完成,不带wait_for_completion=true参数的话,执行如下命令会理解返回,备份在后台进行
curl -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -XPUT "192.168.1.136:19200/_snapshot/esbackup/mysomeindex_bak_20250516?pretty" -d'
{
"indices": "inoculate_new,reservation_new"
}'
可以通过命令查看备份的情况
[hxl@localhost esbak]$ curl -X GET "192.168.1.136:19200/_snapshot/esbackup/_all?pretty"
{
"snapshots" : [
{
"snapshot" : "mysomeindex_bak_20250516",
"uuid" : "IQZX86BvStiOXG9eIjTQuw",
"version_id" : 6050099,
"version" : "6.5.0",
"indices" : [
"inoculate_new",
"reservation_new"
],
"include_global_state" : true,
"state" : "SUCCESS",
"start_time" : "2025-05-16T02:32:50.034Z",
"start_time_in_millis" : 1747362770034,
"end_time" : "2025-05-16T02:32:59.034Z",
"end_time_in_millis" : 1747362779034,
"duration_in_millis" : 9000,
"failures" : [ ],
"shards" : {
"total" : 10,
"failed" : 0,
"successful" : 10
}
}
]
}
备份完成后,这个时候可以查看备份,可以看到只备份了(inoculate_new,reservation_new)
[hxl@localhost esbak]$ curl -X GET "192.168.1.136:19200/_snapshot/esbackup/_all?pretty"
{
"snapshots" : [
{
"snapshot" : "mysomeindex_bak_20250516",
"uuid" : "IQZX86BvStiOXG9eIjTQuw",
"version_id" : 6050099,
"version" : "6.5.0",
"indices" : [
"inoculate_new",
"reservation_new"
],
"include_global_state" : true,
"state" : "SUCCESS",
"start_time" : "2025-05-16T02:32:50.034Z",
"start_time_in_millis" : 1747362770034,
"end_time" : "2025-05-16T02:32:59.034Z",
"end_time_in_millis" : 1747362779034,
"duration_in_millis" : 9000,
"failures" : [ ],
"shards" : {
"total" : 10,
"failed" : 0,
"successful" : 10
}
}
]
}
3.对备份目录进行tar打包,然后传输到目的机器
[hxl@localhost single_elasticsearch]$ cd /home/hxl/single_elasticsearch
[hxl@localhost single_elasticsearch]$ tar -czvf mysomeindex_bak_20250516.tar.gz ./esbak
上传到目的机器,我们这里先放到临时目录
[hxl@localhost single_elasticsearch]$cd /home/hxl/single_elasticsearch
[hxl@localhost single_elasticsearch]$scp mysomeindex_bak_20250516.tar.gz root@192.168.1.69:/tmp/
4.修改传输到目标机器文件的权限
[root@hxl-biz-b42060e-test tmp]#cd /tmp
[root@hxl-biz-b42060e-test tmp]#chown hxl:hxl ./mysomeindex_bak_20250516.tar.gz
5.解压到备份目录
查看压缩文件的路径情况
[root@hxl-biz-b42060e-test tmp]# su - hxl
[hxl@hxl-biz-b42060e-test tmp]$ tar -tvf mysomeindex_bak_20250516.tar.gz
drwxrwxr-x hxl/hxl 0 2025-05-16 10:32 ./esbak/
drwxr-xr-x hxl/hxl 0 2025-05-16 10:32 ./esbak/indices/
...
6.若目的端已经有备份需要进行删除(若没有可以跳过)
删除存在的备份
curl -u elastic:hxl123 -H "Content-Type: application/json" -XDELETE "http://192.168.1.69:19200/_snapshot/esbackup/mysomeindex_bak_20250516" {"acknowledged":true}
查看是否还有没有备份 [hxl@hxl-biz-b42060e-test esbak]$ curl -u elastic:hxl123 -X GET "192.168.1.69:19200/_snapshot/esbackup/_all?pretty" { "snapshots" : [ ] }
然后检查下目的端的ES备份目录是否为空
[root@hxl-biz-b42060e-test esbak]# pwd
/home/middle/elasticsearch/esbak
7.解压备份文件并拷贝备份文件到目的端的备份目录
[hxl@hxl-biz-b42060e-test tmp]$ cd /tmp
[hxl@hxl-biz-b42060e-test tmp]$ tar --use-compress-program=pigz -xvf mysomeindex_bak_20250516.tar.gz
[hxl@hxl-biz-b42060e-test esbak]$ pwd
/tmp/esbak
[hxl@hxl-biz-b42060e-test esbak]$ mv * /home/middle/elasticsearch/esbak/
8.查看目的端ES注册的备份信息
[hxl@hxl-biz-b42060e-test esbak]$ curl -u elastic:hxl123 -X GET "192.168.1.69:19200/_snapshot/esbackup/_all?pretty"
{
"snapshots" : [
{
"snapshot" : "mysomeindex_bak_20250516",
"uuid" : "IQZX86BvStiOXG9eIjTQuw",
"version_id" : 6050099,
"version" : "6.5.0",
"indices" : [
"inoculate_new",
"reservation_new"
],
"include_global_state" : true,
"state" : "SUCCESS",
"start_time" : "2025-05-16T02:32:50.034Z",
"start_time_in_millis" : 1747362770034,
"end_time" : "2025-05-16T02:32:59.034Z",
"end_time_in_millis" : 1747362779034,
"duration_in_millis" : 9000,
"failures" : [ ],
"shards" : {
"total" : 10,
"failed" : 0,
"successful" : 10
}
}
]
}
9.恢复
curl -u elastic:hxl123 -H "Content-Type: application/json" -XPUT http://192.168.1.69:19200/_snapshot/esbackup -d'{
"type": "fs",
"settings": {
"location": "/home/middle/elasticsearch/esbak"
}
}'
curl -u elastic:hxl123 -XPOST "http://192.168.1.69:19200/_snapshot/esbackup/mysomeindex_bak_20250516/_restore?wait_for_completion=true" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'
{
"indices": "inoculate_new,reservation_new"
}'
恢复后通过如下命令查看
查看
curl -u elastic:hxl123 -X GET 'http://192.168.1.69:19200/_cat/indices?v'
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