实验7

任务1

源代码

 1 #include <stdio.h>
 2 #define N 80
 3 #define M 100
 4 
 5 typedef struct {
 6     char name[N];    // 书名
 7     char author[N];  // 作者
 8 } Book;
 9 
10 void write();
11 void read();
12 
13 int main() {
14     printf("测试1：把图书信息写入文本文件\n");
15     write();
16 
17     printf("\n测试2：从文本文件读取图书信息，打印输出到屏幕\n");
18     read();
19 
20     return 0;
21 }
22 
23 void write() {
24     Book x[] = {
25         {"《雕塑家》", "斯科特.麦克劳德"},
26         {"《灯塔》", "克里斯多夫.夏布特"},
27         {"《人的局限性》", "塞缪尔.约翰生"},
28         {"《永不停步：玛格丽特.阿特伍德传》", "罗斯玛丽.沙利文"},
29         {"《大地之上》", "罗欣顿.米斯特里"},
30         {"《上学记》", "何兆武"},
31         {"《命运》", "蔡崇达"}
32     };
33     int n, i;
34     FILE *fp;
35 
36     // 计算数组x中元素个数
37     n = sizeof(x) / sizeof(x[0]);
38 
39     // 以写的方式打开文本文件data1.txt
40     fp = fopen("data1.txt", "w");
41     // 如果打开文件失败，输出提示信息并返回
42     if (fp == NULL) {
43         printf("fail to open file to write\n");
44         return;
45     }
46 
47     // 将结构体数组x中的图书信息格式化写到fp指向的文件data1.txt
48     for(i = 0; i < n; ++i)
49         fprintf(fp, "%-40s %-20s\n", x[i].name, x[i].author);
50 
51     fclose(fp);
52 }
53 
54 void read() {
55     Book x[M];
56     int i, n;
57     FILE *fp;
58 
59     // 以读的方式打开文本文件data1.txt
60     fp = fopen("data1.txt", "r");
61     // 如果打开文件失败，输出提示信息并返回
62     if (fp == NULL) {
63         printf("fail to open file to read\n");
64         return;
65     }
66 
67     // 从文件中读取图书信息，保存到结构体数组x中
68     i = 0;
69     while(fscanf(fp, "%s%s", x[i].name, x[i].author) != EOF)
70         ++i;
71 
72     // 将图书信息打印输出到屏幕上
73     n = i;
74     for(i = 0; i < n; ++i)
75         printf("%d. %-40s %-20s\n", i+1, x[i].name, x[i].author);
76 
77     fclose(fp);
78 }

截图

任务2

源代码

 1 #include <stdio.h>
 2 #include <stdlib.h>  // 用于system("pause")防止闪退
 3 #define N 80
 4 #define M 100
 5 
 6 typedef struct {
 7     char name[N];    // 书名
 8     char author[N];  // 作者
 9 } Book;
10 
11 void write();
12 void read();
13 
14 int main() {
15     printf("测试1：把图书信息以数据块方式写入二进制文件\n");
16     write();
17 
18     printf("\n测试2：从二进制文件读取图书信息，打印输出到屏幕\n");
19     read();
20 
21     system("pause");  // 防止控制台运行完闪退
22     return 0;
23 }
24 
25 void write() {
26     Book x[] = {
27         {"《雕塑家》", "斯科特.麦克劳德"},
28         {"《灯塔》", "克里斯多夫.夏布特"},
29         {"《人的局限性》", "塞缪尔.约翰生"},
30         {"《永不停步：玛格丽特.阿特伍德传》", "罗斯玛丽.沙利文"},
31         {"《大地之上》", "罗欣顿.米斯特里"},
32         {"《上学记》", "何兆武"},
33         {"《命运》", "蔡崇达"}
34     };
35     int n, i;
36     FILE *fp;
37 
38     // 计算数组x中元素个数
39     n = sizeof(x) / sizeof(x[0]);
40 
41     // 以写的方式打开二进制文件data2.dat，wb=write binary
42     fp = fopen("data2.dat", "wb");
43     // 如果打开文件失败，输出提示信息并返回
44     if (fp == NULL) {
45         printf("fail to open file to write\n");
46         return;
47     }
48 
49     // 将结构体数组整块写入二进制文件
50     fwrite(x, sizeof(Book), n, fp);
51 
52     fclose(fp);
53 }
54 
55 void read() {
56     Book x[M];
57     int i, n;
58     FILE *fp;
59 
60     // 以读的方式打开二进制文件data2.dat，rb=read binary
61     fp = fopen("data2.dat", "rb");
62     // 如果打开文件失败，输出提示信息并返回
63     if (fp == NULL) {
64         printf("fail to open file to read\n");
65         return;
66     }
67 
68     // 循环单块读取结构体，读到文件末尾停止
69     i = 0;
70     while(fread(&x[i], sizeof(Book), 1, fp) == 1)
71         ++i;
72 
73     // 在屏幕上打印输出全部图书
74     n = i;
75     for(i = 0; i < n; ++i)
76         printf("%d. %-40s %-20s\n", i+1, x[i].name, x[i].author);
77 
78     fclose(fp);
79 }

截图

任务3

源代码

 1 #include <stdio.h>
 2 #include <stdlib.h>
 3 #define N 100
 4 #define M 80
 5 
 6 void write();
 7 void read_str();
 8 void read_char();
 9 
10 int main() {
11     printf("测试1：把一组字符信息以字符串方式写入文本文件\n");
12     write();
13 
14     printf("\n测试2：从文件以字符串方式读取，输出到屏幕\n");
15     read_str();
16 
17     printf("\n测试3：从文件以单个字符方式读取，输出到屏幕\n");
18     read_char();
19 
20     system("pause");
21     return 0;
22 }
23 
24 void write() {
25     char *ptr[] = {
26         "Working's Blues",
27         "Everything Will Flow",
28         "Streets of London",
29         "Perfect Day",
30         "Philadelphia"
31     };
32     int i, n;
33     FILE *fp;
34 
35     fp = fopen("data3.txt", "w");
36     if(fp == NULL) {
37         printf("fail to open file to write\n");
38         return;
39     }
40 
41     n = sizeof(ptr)/sizeof(ptr[0]);
42     for(i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
43         fputs(ptr[i], fp);
44         fputs("\n", fp);
45     }
46     fclose(fp);
47 }
48 
49 void read_str() {
50     char songs[N][M];
51     int i, n;
52     FILE *fp;
53 
54     fp = fopen("data3.txt", "r");
55     if(fp == NULL) {
56         printf("fail to open file to read\n");
57         return;
58     }
59 
60     i = 0;
61     while(i < N && (fgets(songs[i], M, fp) != NULL))
62         ++i;
63     n = i;
64 
65     for(i = 0; i < n; ++i)
66         printf("%d. %s", i+1, songs[i]);
67     fclose(fp);
68 }
69 
70 void read_char() {
71     int ch;
72     FILE *fp;
73 
74     fp = fopen("data3.txt", "r");
75     if(fp == NULL) {
76         printf("fail to open file to read\n");
77         return;
78     }
79 
80     while((ch = fgetc(fp)) != EOF)
81         putchar(ch);
82     fclose(fp);
83 }

截图

思考

\是转义字符起始符，不会作为普通自负打印

i<N是数组越界防护条件

任务4

源代码

 1 #include <stdio.h>
 2 #include <stdlib.h>
 3 int main()
 4 {
 5     FILE *fp;
 6     fp = fopen("data4.txt","r");
 7     if(fp == NULL)
 8     {
 9         printf("打开文件失败\n");
10         return 1;
11     }
12     int ch;
13     int hang = 0;
14     int zifu = 0;
15     ch = fgetc(fp);
16     while(ch != EOF)
17     {
18         if(ch == ' ')
19         {
20             ch = fgetc(fp);
21             continue;
22         }
23         if(ch == '\t')
24         {
25             ch = fgetc(fp);
26             continue;
27         }
28         if(ch == '\n')
29         {
30             hang = hang + 1;
31             ch = fgetc(fp);
32             continue;
33         }
34         zifu = zifu + 1;
35         ch = fgetc(fp);
36     }
37     fclose(fp);
38     printf("data4.txt统计结果:\n");
39     printf("行数:\t\t%d\n",hang);
40     printf("字符数(不计空白符):\t%d\n",zifu);
41     system("pause");
42     return 0;
43 }

截图

任务5

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#define N 10

typedef struct {
    long id;
    char name[20];
    float objective;
    float subjective;
    float sum;
    char result[10];
} STU;

void read(STU st[], int n);
void write(STU st[], int n);
void output(STU st[], int n);
int process(STU st[], int n, STU st_pass[]);

int main() {
    STU stu[N], stu_pass[N];
    int cnt;
    double pass_rate;

    printf("从文件读入%d个考生信息：已完成\n", N);
    read(stu, N);

    printf("\n对考生成绩进行统计：已完成\n");
    cnt = process(stu, N, stu_pass);

    printf("\n所有考生完整信息:\n");
    output(stu, N);

    printf("\n通过考试的名单写入文件：已完成!\n");
    write(stu_pass, cnt);

    pass_rate = 1.0 * cnt / N;
    printf("\n本次等级考试通过率：%.2f%%\n", pass_rate*100);

    return 0;
}

void output(STU st[], int n) {
    int i;
    printf("准考证号\t姓名\t客观题得分\t操作题得分\t总分\t结果\n");
    for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
        printf("%ld\t\t%s\t%.2f\t\t%.2f\t\t%.2f\t%s\n", st[i].id, st[i].name,
        st[i].objective, st[i].subjective, st[i].sum, st[i].result);
}

void read(STU st[], int n) {
    int i;
    FILE *fin;
    fin = fopen("examinee.txt", "r");
    if (!fin) {
        printf("fail to open file\n");
        return;
    }
    for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
        fscanf(fin, "%ld %s %f %f", &st[i].id, st[i].name, &st[i].objective, &st[i].subjective);
    fclose(fin);
}

int process(STU st[], int n, STU st_pass[]) {
    int i, k = 0;
    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        st[i].sum = st[i].objective + st[i].subjective;
        if (st[i].sum >= 60) {
            strcpy(st[i].result, "通过");
            st_pass[k] = st[i];
            k = k + 1;
        } else {
            strcpy(st[i].result, "未通过");
        }
    }
    return k;
}

void write(STU st[], int n) {
    int i;
    FILE *fout;
    fout = fopen("list_pass.txt", "w");
    if (!fout) {
        printf("fail to open file\n");
        return;
    }
    fprintf(fout, "准考证号\t姓名\t客观题得分\t操作题得分\t总分\t结果\n");
    for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
        fprintf(fout, "%ld\t\t%s\t%.2f\t\t%.2f\t\t%.2f\t%s\n", st[i].id, st[i].name,
        st[i].objective, st[i].subjective, st[i].sum, st[i].result);
    fclose(fout);
}

截图

任务6

源代码

 1 #include <stdio.h>
 2 #include <stdlib.h>
 3 #include <time.h>
 4 #include <string.h>
 5 #define MAX 80
 6 
 7 typedef struct{
 8     char id[20];
 9     char name[20];
10     char cls[30];
11 }Stu;
12 
13 int main()
14 {
15     Stu all[MAX];
16     Stu win[5];
17     int i,j,num;
18     int flag[MAX]={0};
19     char filename[30];
20     FILE *fp;
21 
22     fp=fopen("list.txt","r");
23     if(fp==NULL)
24     {
25         printf("打开文件失败\n");
26         return 1;
27     }
28     num=0;
29     while(fscanf(fp,"%s %s %s",all[num].id,all[num].name,all[num].cls)!=EOF)
30     {
31         num++;
32     }
33     fclose(fp);
34 
35     srand((unsigned)time(NULL));
36     i=0;
37     while(i<5)
38     {
39         int r=rand()%80;
40         if(flag[r]==0)
41         {
42             flag[r]=1;
43             win[i]=all[r];
44             i++;
45         }
46     }
47 
48     printf("--------中奖名单--------\n");
49     for(i=0;i<5;i++)
50     {
51         printf("%s %s %s\n",win[i].id,win[i].name,win[i].cls);
52     }
53 
54     printf("请输入保存的文件名：");
55     scanf("%s",filename);
56     fp=fopen(filename,"w");
57     for(i=0;i<5;i++)
58     {
59         fprintf(fp,"%s %s %s\n",win[i].id,win[i].name,win[i].cls);
60     }
61     fclose(fp);
62     printf("------保存到文件------\n");
63     system("pause");
64     return 0;
65 }

截图

posted @ 2026-06-23 22:16 龚祉天阅读(4) 评论(0) 收藏举报

刷新页面返回顶部

实验7

公告