Zabbix5.0监控简介及安装部署
一、监控概述
1.1、为什么要监控
监控是整个运维乃至整个产品生命周期中重要的一环，事前及时预警发现故障，事后提供详实的数据用于追查定位问题。
- 对系统不间断实时监控
- 实时反馈系统当前状态
- 保证服务可靠性安全性
- 保证业务持续稳定运⾏
1.2、如何进行监控
# ⽐如我们需要监控磁盘的使⽤率
1.如何查看磁盘使⽤率 df -h
2.监控磁盘的那些指标 block、inode
3.如何获取具体的信息 df -h|awk '/\/$/{print $(NF-1)}'
4.获取的数值到达多少报警 80%
1.3、流⾏的监控⼯具
1.cacti、Nagios、Zabbix、
2.Lepus(天兔)数据库监控系统
3.Open-Falcon ⼩⽶
4.Prometheus(普罗⽶修斯，Docker、K8s)
1.4、如何入手监控
1.硬件监控 路由器、交换机、防⽕墙、服务器
2.系统监控 Windows/Linux CPU、内存、磁盘、⽹络、进程、TCP
3.服务监控 nginx、php、tomcat、redis、memcache、mysql
4.WEB监控 请求时间、响应时间、加载时间、
5.⽇志监控 ELk（收集、存储、分析、展示） ⽇志易、阿里云日志系统
6.安全监控 Firewalld(限制来源的ip)、WAF(Nginx+lua)、安全宝、⽜盾云、安全狗
7.⽹络监控 smokeping 多机房、监控宝、全国各地实时延迟
8.业务监控 活动引⼊多少流量、产⽣多少注册量、带来多⼤价值
1.5、Linux常用监控命令
1.5.1、CPU监控命令
w、top、htop、glances
# 安装
yum install epel* -y
yum install glances htop -y
1.5.2、内存监控命令
free -m
1.5.3、磁盘监控命令
df iotop iostat
# 安装
yum install iotop sysstat -y
1.5.4、网络监控命令
ifconfig、route、glances、iftop、nethogs、netstat
# 安装
yum install -y netstat
iftop
中间的<= =>这两个左右箭头，表示的是流量的⽅向。
TX：发送流量、RX：接收流量、TOTAL：总流量
# 查看TCP11中状态
netstat -an|grep ESTABLISHED
netstat -rn #查看路由信息
netstat -lntup
1.6、Shell脚本进行简单监控
需求: 每隔1分钟监控⼀次内存,当你的可⽤内存低于100m,发邮件报警,要求显示剩余内存
1.怎么获取内存可⽤的值 free -m|awk '/^Mem/{print $NF}'
2.获取到内存可⽤的值如何和设定的阈值进⾏⽐较
3.⽐较如果⼤于100m则不处理，如果⼩于100则报警
4.如何每隔1分钟执⾏⼀次
[root@zabbix-server ~]# cat free.sh
#!/usr/bin/bash
HostName=$(hostname)_$(hostname -i)
Date=$(date +%F)
while true;do
Free=$(free -m|awk '/^Mem/{print $NF}')
if [ $Free -le 100 ];then
echo "$Date: $HostName Mem Is < ${Free}MB"
fi
sleep 5
done
二、Zabbix概述及安装
2.1、Zabbix概述
2.2、Zabbix基础架构
2.3、Zabbix Server安装
zabbix安装步骤：https://www.zabbix.com/download
1）配置zabbix仓库
[root@zabbix-server ~]# rpm -Uvh https://repo.zabbix.com/zabbix/5.0/rhel/7/x86_64/zabbix-release-5.0-1.el7.noarch.rpm
[root@zabbix-server ~]# yum clean all
2）安装Zabbix server 和 agent
[root@zabbix-server ~]# yum install zabbix-server-mysql zabbix-agent -y
3）安装zabbix前端
# 1、安装centos-release-scl
[root@zabbix-server ~]# yum install centos-release-scl -y
# 2、配置/etc/yum.repos.d/zabbix.repo
[root@zabbix-server ~]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/zabbix.repo
[zabbix-frontend]
name=Zabbix Official Repository frontend - $basearch
baseurl=http://repo.zabbix.com/zabbix/5.0/rhel/7/$basearch/frontend
enabled=1 #配置zabbix-frontend生效
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-ZABBIX-A14FE591
# 3、安装zabbix前端包
[root@zabbix-server ~]# yum install zabbix-web-mysql-scl zabbix-nginx-conf-scl -y
4）安装mysql并初始化
# 安装mysql5.7
[root@zabbix-server ~]# cd /usr/local/src/
[root@zabbix-server src]# wget http://repo.mysql.com/mysql57-community-release-el7-8.noarch.rpm
[root@zabbix-server src]# rpm -ivh mysql57-community-release-el7-8.noarch.rpm
[root@zabbix-server src]# yum -y install mysql-server
# 启动mysql并查看初始化密码
[root@zabbix-server src]# systemctl start mysqld
[root@zabbix-server src]# systemctl enable mysqld
[root@zabbix-server src]# netstat -lntp|grep 3306
tcp6 0 0 :::3306 :::* LISTEN 2045/mysqld
[root@zabbix-server src]# grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log
2021-02-13T02:27:31.983845Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: .&Ewqebl*31,
# 登录mysql并修改密码
[root@zabbix-server src]# mysql -uroot -p'.&Ewqebl*31,'
mysql> set password for root@localhost = password('Root123@@'); #密码需要尽可能复杂
# 初始化mysql
mysql> create database zabbix character set utf8 collate utf8_bin;
mysql> create user zabbix@localhost identified by 'Zabbix123@@';
mysql> grant all privileges on zabbix.* to zabbix@localhost;
mysql> quit
# 导入zabbix初始数据(166张表)
[root@zabbix-server src]# zcat /usr/share/doc/zabbix-server-mysql*/create.sql.gz | mysql -uzabbix -p zabbix
5）配置Zabbix server连接数据库
[root@zabbix-server src]# vim /etc/zabbix/zabbix_server.conf
DBPassword=Zabbix123@@
6）zabbix前端配置
# 打开注释并配置域名
[root@zabbix-server src]# vim /etc/opt/rh/rh-nginx116/nginx/conf.d/zabbix.conf
listen 80;
server_name dianchou.com;
#配置php-fpm
[root@zabbix-server src]# vim /etc/opt/rh/rh-php72/php-fpm.d/zabbix.conf
listen.acl_users = apache,nginx #添加nginx用户
php_value[date.timezone] = Asia/Shanghai #修改时区
# 配置nginx，注释默认配置
[root@zabbix-server src]# vim /etc/opt/rh/rh-nginx116/nginx/nginx.conf
# server {
# listen 80 default_server;
# listen [::]:80 default_server;
# server_name _;
# root /opt/rh/rh-nginx116/root/usr/share/nginx/html;
....
7）启动zabbix server及agent
[root@zabbix-server src]# systemctl restart zabbix-server zabbix-agent rh-nginx116-nginx rh-php72-php-fpm
[root@zabbix-server src]# systemctl enable zabbix-server zabbix-agent rh-nginx116-nginx rh-php72-php-fpm
8）访问zabbix并配置
浏览器访问：http://ip或http😕/域名
查看配置的信息：
[root@zabbix-server src]# cat /etc/zabbix/web/zabbix.conf.php
<?php
// Zabbix GUI configuration file.
$DB['TYPE'] = 'MYSQL';
$DB['SERVER'] = 'localhost';
$DB['PORT'] = '0';
$DB['DATABASE'] = 'zabbix';
$DB['USER'] = 'zabbix';
$DB['PASSWORD'] = 'Zabbix123@@';
// Schema name. Used for PostgreSQL.
$DB['SCHEMA'] = '';
// Used for TLS connection.
$DB['ENCRYPTION'] = false;
$DB['KEY_FILE'] = '';
$DB['CERT_FILE'] = '';
$DB['CA_FILE'] = '';
$DB['VERIFY_HOST'] = false;
$DB['CIPHER_LIST'] = '';
// Use IEEE754 compatible value range for 64-bit Numeric (float) history values.
// This option is enabled by default for new Zabbix installations.
// For upgraded installations, please read database upgrade notes before enabling this option.
$DB['DOUBLE_IEEE754'] = true;
$ZBX_SERVER = 'localhost';
$ZBX_SERVER_PORT = '10051';
$ZBX_SERVER_NAME = '';
$IMAGE_FORMAT_DEFAULT = IMAGE_FORMAT_PNG;
// Uncomment this block only if you are using Elasticsearch.
// Elasticsearch url (can be string if same url is used for all types).
//$HISTORY['url'] = [
// 'uint' => 'http://localhost:9200',
// 'text' => 'http://localhost:9200'
//];
// Value types stored in Elasticsearch.
//$HISTORY['types'] = ['uint', 'text'];
// Used for SAML authentication.
// Uncomment to override the default paths to SP private key, SP and IdP X.509 certificates, and to set extra settings.
//$SSO['SP_KEY'] = 'conf/certs/sp.key';
//$SSO['SP_CERT'] = 'conf/certs/sp.crt';
//$SSO['IDP_CERT'] = 'conf/certs/idp.crt';
//$SSO['SETTINGS'] = [];
9）登录zabbix
默认的账号及密码： 用户名：Admin，密码：zabbix
10）修改默认密码并设置语言环境
User setting =>User => Change password
2.4、Zabbix Agent安装
准备一台服务器作为zabbix agent端
1）安装zabbix agent
[root@web01 ~]# rpm -ivh https://mirror.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/zabbix/zabbix/5.0/rhel/7/x86_64/zabbix-agent-5.0.1-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
[root@web01 ~]# rpm -ql zabbix-agent
/etc/logrotate.d/zabbix-agent
/etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.conf
/etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.d
/usr/lib/systemd/system/zabbix-agent.service
/usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/zabbix-agent.conf
/usr/sbin/zabbix_agentd
/usr/share/doc/zabbix-agent-5.0.1
/usr/share/doc/zabbix-agent-5.0.1/AUTHORS
/usr/share/doc/zabbix-agent-5.0.1/COPYING
/usr/share/doc/zabbix-agent-5.0.1/ChangeLog
/usr/share/doc/zabbix-agent-5.0.1/NEWS
/usr/share/doc/zabbix-agent-5.0.1/README
/usr/share/doc/zabbix-agent-5.0.1/userparameter_mysql.conf
/usr/share/man/man8/zabbix_agentd.8.gz
/var/log/zabbix
/var/run/zabbix
2）配置 Zabbix-Agent 指向 Zabbix-Server
[root@web01 ~]# vim /etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.conf
Server=10.0.0.101
3）启动 Zabbix-Agent , 默认监听在 10050 端⼝
[root@web01 ~]# systemctl start zabbix-agent
[root@web01 ~]# systemctl enable zabbix-agent
[root@web01 ~]# netstat -lntp
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 918/sshd
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:10050 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1054/zabbix_agentd
tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 918/sshd
tcp6 0 0 :::10050 :::* LISTEN 1054/zabbix_agentd
4）配置ZabbixWeb⻚⾯，点击配置->选择主机->创建主机
5）点击模板->选择连接指示器->选择->搜索Linux->点击⼩按钮添加->最后添加
6）等待几秒，查看添加的监控主机
2.5、中文乱码问题解决
解决方法一：
1）先搜索zabbix-web包对应字符存放的目录
[root@zabbix-server ~]# rpm -ql zabbix-web|grep fonts
/usr/share/zabbix/assets/fonts
2）进入对应的字体目录，发现字体是一个软连接
[root@zabbix-server ~]# cd /usr/share/zabbix/assets/fonts
[root@zabbix-server fonts]# ll
total 0
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 33 Feb 13 10:22 graphfont.ttf -> /etc/alternatives/zabbix-web-font
3）进入软连接对应的目录，发现还是软连接
[root@zabbix-server fonts]# cd /etc/alternatives
[root@zabbix-server alternatives]# ll
total 0
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 15 Aug 9 2018 ld -> /usr/bin/ld.bfd
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 34 Aug 9 2018 libnssckbi.so.x86_64 -> /usr/lib64/pkcs11/p11-kit-trust.so
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 26 Feb 13 10:25 mta -> /usr/sbin/sendmail.postfix
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 40 Feb 13 10:25 mta-aliasesman -> /usr/share/man/man5/aliases.postfix.5.gz
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 22 Feb 13 10:25 mta-mailq -> /usr/bin/mailq.postfix
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 38 Feb 13 10:25 mta-mailqman -> /usr/share/man/man1/mailq.postfix.1.gz
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 27 Feb 13 10:25 mta-newaliases -> /usr/bin/newaliases.postfix
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 43 Feb 13 10:25 mta-newaliasesman -> /usr/share/man/man1/newaliases.postfix.1.gz
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 23 Feb 13 10:25 mta-pam -> /etc/pam.d/smtp.postfix
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 22 Feb 13 10:25 mta-rmail -> /usr/bin/rmail.postfix
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 25 Feb 13 10:25 mta-sendmail -> /usr/lib/sendmail.postfix
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 41 Feb 13 10:25 mta-sendmailman -> /usr/share/man/man1/sendmail.postfix.1.gz
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 29 Feb 13 10:16 zabbix-server -> /usr/sbin/zabbix_server_mysql
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 38 Feb 13 10:22 zabbix-web-font -> /usr/share/fonts/dejavu/DejaVuSans.ttf
4）进入最终字体存放的目录，上传准备好的字体(可以通过windows电脑获取)，改名为DejaVuSans.ttf即可
解决方法二：
1）在zabbix-server服务器上安装如下文件符集
[root@zabbix-server ~]# yum install wqy-microhei-fonts -y
2）替换linux上默认的字符集
[root@zabbix-server ~]# cp /usr/share/fonts/wqy-microhei/wqy-microhei.ttc /usr/share/fonts/dejavu/DejaVuSans.ttf
3）重启zabbix-server，查看乱码是否解决
[root@zabbix-server ~]# systemctl restart zabbix-server
作者：Lawrence
-------------------------------------------
个性签名：独学而无友，则孤陋而寡闻。做一个灵魂有趣的人！
扫描上面二维码关注我
如果你真心觉得文章写得不错，而且对你有所帮助，那就不妨帮忙“推荐"一下，您的“推荐”和”打赏“将是我最大的写作动力！
本文版权归作者所有，欢迎转载，但未经作者同意必须保留此段声明，且在文章页面明显位置给出原文连接.
