安装python3.6并使用virtualenvwrapper管理虚环境

1、安装python3.6.5依赖环境

注：python3.7.4需要安装：yum install libffi-devel -y 

yum install gcc patch libffi-devel python-devel  zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel gdbm-devel db4-devel libpcap-devel xz-devel -y
cd /usr/local/src

2、下载并安装python3.6.5

wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.5/Python-3.6.5.tgz
tar -xzf Python-3.6.5.tgz
cd Python-3.6.5
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3
make && make altinstall

3、创建python3软链

mv /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/python.bk
ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/pip3.6 /usr/bin/pip
ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/python3.6 /usr/bin/python

4、解决yum不可用问题

vi /usr/bin/yum
vi /usr/libexec/urlgrabber-ext-down

将首行python改为python2.7

5、更换pip源

mkdir ~/.pip
cd ~/.pip
vim pip.conf

[global]
index-url = https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
[install]
trusted-host=mirrors.aliyun.com

如下也行

[global]
timeout = 10 
index-url = http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/ 
extra-index-url= http://pypi.douban.com/simple/ 
[install]
trusted-host= 
mirrors.aliyun.com
pypi.douban.com

国内镜像汇总

http://pypi.douban.com/         豆瓣 
http://pypi.hustunique.com/         华中理工大学 
http://pypi.sdutlinux.org/         山东理工大学 
http://pypi.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/         中国科学技术大学 
http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/         阿里云 
https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple/         清华大学

6、pip升级及安装virtualenvwrapper

pip install --upgrade pip
pip install virtualenvwrapper
ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/virtualenv /usr/local/bin/

7、使用非root用户添加启动脚本

vim ~/.bashrc
末尾加入

if [ `id -u` != '0' ]; then

  export VIRTUALENV_USE_DISTRIBUTE=1        # <-- Always use pip/distribute
  export WORKON_HOME=$HOME/.virtualenvs       # <-- Where all virtualenvs will be stored
  source /usr/local/python3/bin/virtualenvwrapper.sh
  export PIP_VIRTUALENV_BASE=$WORKON_HOME
  export PIP_RESPECT_VIRTUALENV=true

fi

8、virtualenvwrapper使用

创建并进入env环境
mkvirtualenv -p python3 env36
mkvirtualenv -p python2 env27

退出env
deactivate

进入env
workon env36/env27

删除env
rmvirtualenv env27