定语从句

定语

1. 修饰名词，通常为形容词

2. 把名词给限定了，tall man(很多人中，高的那个），从多个名词中确定一个。

3. 可以放在名词前面或后面（a beautiful girl）[名词之前，限定girl], a girl who is beautiful.[名词之后，通常为定语]

 

The big woman served me.

The woman who has a handbag served me.

 

基本结构

人 + who/that + 动词...

物 + which/that + 动词...

The people are very friendly.[句子主干]

The people who work in the office are very friendly.[定语从句只跟它修饰的名称有关]

 

The woman is a doctor.

The woman who lives downstairs is a doctor.

 

Do you know the woman?

Do you know the woman who wants to buy the car?

 

I want to marry a man who loves me.

I want to marry a man who I love.

 

规则

who/which/that作从句宾语时可以去掉，who 可以变为whom

 

The dinner was delicious.

The dinner my mother cooked was delicious.

 

The fish was dead.

The fish (that) my wife bought was dead.

 

I found the book I wanted.

 

I met a woman who can speak 6 languages.

What's the name of the woman who lives next door?

What's the name of the river which flows through the town?

Where is the picture which was hanging on the wall?

Do you know anybody who wants to buy a car?

You always ask questions that are difficult to answer.

 

A thief is a person who steals things.

A dentist is a person who looks after your teeth.

A butcher is a person who sells meat.

A fool is a person who is very stupid.

A musician is a person who plays a musical instrument.

A genius is a person who is very intelligent.

 

Barbara works for a company that makes furniture.

The book is about a girl who runs away from home.

What happened to the pictures that were on the well?

A mystery is something that can not be explained.

The police have caught the men who stole my car.

A dictionary is a book that gives you the meaning of words.

 

只能用that, 不能用which的情况

1.不定代词后面的定语从句

all, little, few, much, none, everything, anything

 

Is there anything that I can do for you?

Tom told his mother all that had happened.

 

2. 名词被不定代词修饰

Is there any news that is about the entrance examination?

I'd like to read all the books that were written by him.

 

3. 名词被最高级修饰

This is the best book that I have read.

It's the most interesting film that I have ever seen.

 

4. 名词有序数词(first, second, next, last...)修饰

This is the last thing that I want to do.

 

 

whose: ....的

Are there any rooms?

The rooms' windows face the sea.

Are there any rooms whose windows face the sea?

 

We'll go to the town.

I have heard of the name of the town.

We'll go to the town whose name I have heard of.

 

以介词结尾的定语从句

This is the place which I lived in.

This is the place in which I lived.

This is the place where I lived.

 

1. 介词后不能用that

2. 介词在定语从句句尾太孤独，挪到which 前，更正式

 

You are the guy we are trying to get away from.

You are the guy from whom we are trying to get away.

 

 I'm living in a huge house in which I can even I can play golf.

The driver was the man from whose room she had stolen the maps.

 

 

表示抽象地点的词（ point, case, position, condition, situation), 常用where引导

where = 介词 + which

You have reached a point where medicine can not help.

= You have reached a point at which medicine can not help.

 

It's put me in a position where I can't afford to take the job.

= It's put me in a position in which I can't afford to take the job.

 

 

When

When = 介词 + which

We have all experienced days when everything goes wrong.

We have all experienced days on which everything goes wrong.

 

reason/cause + why

This is the reason why I didn't come here.

 

非限定性定语从句

1. 限定定语： 缩小范围，必要

2. 非限定定语：不缩小范围，不必要

Tom's beautiful mother.[beautiful mother， 范围还是很广。 Tom's mother, 范围确定]

David Beckham, who modeled for a clothing company, has earned quite a lot of money.

She is extraordinarily beautiful, which makes her roommate envy her.

We ran out of money, which didn't bother me a lot.

 

As 引导非限定性定语从句: 像...一样

As sb. say...

As is said...

As we all know...

As is known to all...

As I have told you...

 

As we all know, the whale is not a fish but a mammal.

= The whale is not a fish but a mammal, as we all know.

= The whale is not a fish but a mammal, which we all know.

 

 

Examples

My friend showed me round the town, which was very kind of him.

Many children, whose parents are away working in big cities, are taken good care of in the village.

Gun control is a subject about which Americans have argued for a long time.

Mozart's birthplace and the house where he composed 'The Magic Flute' are both museums now.

A person whose e-mail account is full won't be able to send or receive any e-mails.

I was very interested in all that she told me.

I have never been to Beijing, but it's the place (that) I most want to visit.

Beer is the most popular drink among male drinkers, whose overall consumption is significantly higher than that of women.

She'll never forget the town where she found her son who had gone missing two years before.