goroutine

 

并发：逻辑上具备同时处理多个任务的能力(单核，上下文切换)

并行：物理上同一时刻执行多个并发任务(多核，互不影响)

 

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"time"
)

var c int

func counter() int {
	c++
	return c
}

func main() {
	a := 100
	go func(x, y int) {
		time.Sleep(time.Second) //goroutine在main逻辑之后执行
		fmt.Println("go:", x, y)
	}(a, counter()) //立即计算并赋值
	a += 100
	fmt.Println("main", a, counter())
	time.Sleep(time.Second * 3) //等goroutine结束
}

　　

进程退出并不会等并发任务执行结束，可用channel阻塞，然后发出退出信号

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"time"
)

func main() {
	exit := make(chan struct{})
	go func() {
		time.Sleep(time.Second)
		fmt.Println("goroutine done")
		close(exit) //关闭通道，发出信号
	}()
	fmt.Println("main start...")
	<-exit //通道关闭，立即解除阻塞
	fmt.Println("main end...")
}

　　

等待多个任务结束，使用sync.WaitGroup，通过设定计数器，让每个goroutine在退出前递减，直至归零时解除阻塞

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"sync"
	"time"
)

func main() {
	var wg sync.WaitGroup
	for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
		wg.Add(1) //累加计数

		go func(id int) {
			defer wg.Done() //递归计数
			time.Sleep(time.Second)
			fmt.Println("goroutine", id)
		}(i)
	}
	fmt.Println("start")
	wg.Wait() //阻塞，直至计数归零
	fmt.Println("stop")
}

　　

channel限制并发数

package main

import (
	"fmt"
    "sync"
    "time"
)

var wg = sync.WaitGroup{}

func main() {
	ch := make(chan int, 2)
	for i := 0; i < 100; i++ {
		go run(ch, i)
	}
	wg.Wait()
}

func run(ch chan int, i int) {
	wg.Add(1)
	defer wg.Done()
	ch <- i
    fmt.Println(i)
    time.Sleep(1*time.Second)
	<-ch
}

　　

GOMAXPROCS

与逻辑核数相等

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"math"
	"runtime"
	"sync"
)

func count() {
	x := 0
	for i := 0; i < math.MaxUint32; i++ {
		x += i
	}
	fmt.Println(x)
}

func test(n int) {
	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
		count()
	}
}

func test2(n int) {
	var wg sync.WaitGroup
	wg.Add(n)
	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
		go func() {
			count()
			wg.Done()
		}()
	}
	wg.Wait()
}

func main() {
	n := runtime.GOMAXPROCS(0)
	test2(n)
}

　　

可在多处使用Wait阻塞，它们都能收到通知

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"sync"
	"time"
)

func main() {
	var wg sync.WaitGroup
	wg.Add(1)

	go func() {
		wg.Wait()
		fmt.Println("wait exit")
	}()

	go func() {
		time.Sleep(time.Second)
		fmt.Println("done")
		wg.Done()
	}()
	wg.Wait()
	fmt.Println("main exit")
}

　

多个goroutine进行通信

方式一：全局变量(加锁)

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"sync"
	"time"
)

var (
	m    = make(map[int]int)
	lock sync.Mutex
)

type task struct {
	n int
}

func calc(t *task) {
	sum := 1
	for i := 1; i <= t.n; i++ {
		sum *= i
	}
	lock.Lock()
	m[t.n] = sum
	lock.Unlock()
}

func main() {
	for i := 1; i < 10; i++ {
		t := &task{n: i}
		go calc(t)
	}
	time.Sleep(time.Second * 2)

	lock.Lock()
	for k, v := range m {
		fmt.Printf("%d! is %v\n", k, v)
	}
	lock.Unlock()
}

　　

用到goroutine时编译加-race竞争检测

方式二：channel　

channel概念

• 类似pipe
• 先进先出
• 线程安全，多个goroutine同时访问，不需要加锁
• channel是有类型的，一个整数的channel只能存放整数

channel申明

• var 变量名 chan 类型
• var test chan int
• var test chan map[string]string

 

channel关闭

方法一：v,ok := <-chan

package main

import (
	"fmt"
)

func main() {
	ch := make(chan int, 10)
	for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
		ch <- i
	}
	close(ch)
	for {
		b, ok := <-ch
		if ok == false {
			break
		}
		fmt.Println(b)
	}
}

　　

方式二：

for v ：= range chan

channel读写

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"time"
)

func write(ch chan int) {
	for i := 0; i < 100; i++ {
		ch <- i
	}
}

func read(ch chan int) {
	var a int
	for {
		a = <-ch
		fmt.Println("read", a)
	}

}

func main() {
	intChan := make(chan int, 10)
	go write(intChan)
	go read(intChan)
	time.Sleep(time.Second)
}

　　

判断10000内的素数

package main

import (
	"fmt"
)

func calc(taskChan chan int, resChan chan int, exitChan chan bool) {
	for v := range taskChan {
		flag := true
		for i := 2; i < v; i++ {
			if v%i == 0 {
				flag = false
				break
			}
		}
		if flag {
			resChan <- v
		}
	}
	exitChan <- true
}

func main() {
	taskChan := make(chan int, 1000)
	resChan := make(chan int, 1000)
	exitChan := make(chan bool, 8)

	go func() {
		for i := 1; i < 10000; i++ {
			taskChan <- i
		}
		close(taskChan)
	}()

	for i := 0; i < 8; i++ {
		go calc(taskChan, resChan, exitChan)
	}

	go func() {
		for i := 0; i < 8; i++ {
			<-exitChan
		}
		close(resChan)
	}()

	for v := range resChan {
		fmt.Println(v)
	}
}

　　

定时器

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"time"
)

func main() {
	t := time.NewTicker(time.Second)
	for v := range t.C {
		fmt.Println("hello", v)
	}
        t.Stop()
}

　　

　　

超时控制

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"time"
)

func main() {
	select {
	case <-time.After(time.Second):
		fmt.Println("timeout")
	}
}