实验5
试验任务1
代码1-1:
1 #include <stdio.h> 2 #include<stdlib.h> 3 #define N 5 4 5 void input(int x[], int n); 6 void output(int x[], int n); 7 void find_min_max(int x[], int n, int *pmin, int *pmax); 8 9 int main() { 10 int a[N]; 11 int min, max; 12 13 printf("录入%d个数据:\n", N); 14 input(a, N); 15 16 printf("数据是: \n"); 17 output(a, N); 18 19 printf("数据处理...\n"); 20 find_min_max(a, N, &min, &max); 21 22 printf("输出结果:\n"); 23 printf("min = %d, max = %d\n", min, max); 24 25 system("pause"); 26 return 0; 27 } 28 29 void input(int x[], int n) { 30 int i; 31 32 for(i = 0; i < n; ++i) 33 scanf("%d", &x[i]); 34 } 35 36 void output(int x[], int n) { 37 int i; 38 39 for(i = 0; i < n; ++i) 40 printf("%d ", x[i]); 41 printf("\n"); 42 } 43 44 void find_min_max(int x[], int n, int *pmin, int *pmax) { 45 int i; 46 47 *pmin = *pmax = x[0]; 48 49 for(i = 0; i < n; ++i) 50 if(x[i] < *pmin) 51 *pmin = x[i]; 52 else if(x[i] > *pmax) 53 *pmax = x[i]; 54 }
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问题回答1-1:
1.找出数组中的最小值和最大值;
2.pmin指向main函数中定义的局部变量min的内存地址,pmax指向main函数中定义的局部变量max的内存地址。
代码1-2:
1 #include <stdio.h> 2 #include <stdlib.h> 3 #define N 5 4 5 void input(int x[], int n); 6 void output(int x[], int n); 7 int *find_max(int x[], int n); 8 9 int main() { 10 int a[N]; 11 int *pmax; 12 13 printf("录入%d个数据:\n", N); 14 input(a, N); 15 16 printf("数据是: \n"); 17 output(a, N); 18 19 printf("数据处理...\n"); 20 pmax = find_max(a, N); 21 22 printf("输出结果:\n"); 23 printf("max = %d\n", *pmax); 24 25 system("pause"); 26 return 0; 27 } 28 29 void input(int x[], int n) { 30 int i; 31 32 for(i = 0; i < n; ++i) 33 scanf("%d", &x[i]); 34 } 35 36 void output(int x[], int n) { 37 int i; 38 39 for(i = 0; i < n; ++i) 40 printf("%d ", x[i]); 41 printf("\n"); 42 } 43 44 int *find_max(int x[], int n) { 45 int max_index = 0; 46 int i; 47 48 for(i = 0; i < n; ++i) 49 if(x[i] > x[max_index]) 50 max_index = i; 51 52 return &x[max_index]; 53 }
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问题回答1-2:
1.找出数组中的最大值;
2.可以实现相同功能。
试验任务2
代码2-1:
1 #include <stdio.h> 2 #include <stdlib.h> 3 #include <string.h> 4 #define N 80 5 6 int main() { 7 char s1[N] = "Learning makes me happy"; 8 char s2[N] = "Learning makes me sleepy"; 9 char tmp[N]; 10 11 printf("sizeof(s1) vs. strlen(s1): \n"); 12 printf("sizeof(s1) = %d\n", sizeof(s1)); 13 printf("strlen(s1) = %d\n", strlen(s1)); 14 15 printf("\nbefore swap: \n"); 16 printf("s1: %s\n", s1); 17 printf("s2: %s\n", s2); 18 19 printf("\nswapping...\n"); 20 strcpy(tmp, s1); 21 strcpy(s1, s2); 22 strcpy(s2, tmp); 23 24 printf("\nafter swap: \n"); 25 printf("s1: %s\n", s1); 26 printf("s2: %s\n", s2); 27 28 system("pause"); 29 return 0; 30 }
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问题回答2-1:
1.数组s1占用80字节,sizeof(s1)计算整个字符数组分配的总内存字节数,strlen(s1)统计字符串中有效字符个数;
2.不能替换,s1是数组名不能赋值;
3.交换了。
代码2-2:
1 #include <stdio.h> 2 #include <stdlib.h> 3 #include <string.h> 4 #define N 80 5 6 int main() { 7 char *s1 = "Learning makes me happy"; 8 char *s2 = "Learning makes me sleepy"; 9 char *tmp; 10 11 printf("sizeof(s1) vs. strlen(s1): \n"); 12 printf("sizeof(s1) = %d\n", sizeof(s1)); 13 printf("strlen(s1) = %d\n", strlen(s1)); 14 15 printf("\nbefore swap: \n"); 16 printf("s1: %s\n", s1); 17 printf("s2: %s\n", s2); 18 19 printf("\nswapping...\n"); 20 tmp = s1; 21 s1 = s2; 22 s2 = tmp; 23 24 printf("\nafter swap: \n"); 25 printf("s1: %s\n", s1); 26 printf("s2: %s\n", s2); 27 28 system("pause"); 29 return 0; 30 }
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问题回答2-2:
1.s1存放字符串常量"Learning makes me happy"在常量区的首字符地址,sizeof(s1)计算指针变量自身占用内存大小,strlen(s1)统计有效字符数量;
2.可以,一个是数组复制内容,一个是指针保存地址;
3.交换s1,s2两个指针变量里保存的地址值,两个字符串内容没有交换。
试验任务3
代码:
1 #include <stdio.h> 2 #include <stdlib.h> 3 4 int main() { 5 int x[2][4] = {{1, 9, 8, 4}, {2, 0, 4, 9}}; 6 int i, j; 7 int *ptr1; 8 int(*ptr2)[4]; 9 10 printf("输出1: 使用数组名、下标直接访问二维数组元素\n"); 11 for (i = 0; i < 2; ++i) { 12 for (j = 0; j < 4; ++j) 13 printf("%d ", x[i][j]); 14 printf("\n"); 15 } 16 17 printf("\n输出2: 使用指针变量ptr1(指向元素)访问\n"); 18 for (ptr1 = &x[0][0], i = 0; ptr1 < &x[0][0] + 8; ++ptr1, ++i) { 19 printf("%d ", *ptr1); 20 21 if ((i + 1) % 4 == 0) 22 printf("\n"); 23 } 24 25 printf("\n输出3: 使用指针变量ptr2(指向一维数组)访问\n"); 26 for (ptr2 = x; ptr2 < x + 2; ++ptr2) { 27 for (j = 0; j < 4; ++j) 28 printf("%d ", *(*ptr2 + j)); 29 printf("\n"); 30 } 31 32 system("pause"); 33 return 0; 34 }
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问题回答:
1.int (*ptr)[4]中ptr是一个指针变量;
2.int *ptr[4]中ptr是有4个元素的数组。
试验任务4
代码:
1 #include <stdio.h> 2 #include <stdlib.h> 3 #define N 80 4 5 void replace(char *str, char old_char, char new_char); 6 7 int main() { 8 char text[N] = "Programming is difficult or not, it is a question."; 9 10 printf("原始文本: \n"); 11 printf("%s\n", text); 12 13 replace(text, 'i', '*'); 14 15 printf("处理后文本: \n"); 16 printf("%s\n", text); 17 18 system("pause"); 19 return 0; 20 } 21 22 23 void replace(char *str, char old_char, char new_char) { 24 int i; 25 26 while(*str) { 27 if(*str == old_char) 28 *str = new_char; 29 str++; 30 } 31 }
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问题回答:
1.将字符串中所有old_char全部替换成new_char;
2.可以。
试验任务5
代码:
1 #include <stdio.h> 2 #include <stdlib.h> 3 #define N 80 4 5 char *str_trunc(char *str, char x); 6 7 int main() { 8 char str[N]; 9 char ch; 10 11 while(printf("输入字符串: "), gets(str) != NULL) { 12 printf("输入一个字符: "); 13 ch = getchar(); 14 15 printf("截断处理...\n"); 16 str_trunc(str, ch); 17 18 printf("截断处理后的字符串: %s\n\n", str); 19 getchar(); 20 } 21 22 system("pause"); 23 return 0; 24 } 25 26 char *str_trunc(char *str, char x){ 27 char *p = str; 28 while(*p && *p != x) 29 p++; 30 *p = '\0'; 31 return str; 32 }
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问题回答:
删除后无法多组输入,作用是吸收缓冲区里残留的回车换行符。
试验任务6
代码:
1 #include <stdio.h> 2 #include <stdlib.h> 3 #include <string.h> 4 #define N 5 5 6 int check_id(char *str); 7 8 int main() 9 { 10 char *pid[N] = {"31010120000721656X", 11 "3301061996X0203301", 12 "53010220051126571", 13 "510104199211197977", 14 "53010220051126133Y"}; 15 int i; 16 17 for (i = 0; i < N; ++i) 18 if (check_id(pid[i])) 19 printf("%s\tTrue\n", pid[i]); 20 else 21 printf("%s\tFalse\n", pid[i]); 22 23 system("pause"); 24 return 0; 25 } 26 27 28 int check_id(char *str) { 29 int i; 30 if(strlen(str) != 18) 31 return 0; 32 for(i = 0;i < 18;i++) 33 { 34 if(str[i] >= '0' && str[i] <= '9') 35 continue; 36 else if(str[i] == 'X') 37 { 38 if(i !=17) 39 return 0; 40 } 41 else return 0; 42 } 43 return 1; 44 }
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试验任务7
代码:
1 #include <stdio.h> 2 #include <stdlib.h> 3 #define N 80 4 void encoder(char *str, int n); 5 void decoder(char *str, int n); 6 7 int main() { 8 char words[N]; 9 int n; 10 11 printf("输入英文文本: "); 12 gets(words); 13 14 printf("输入n: "); 15 scanf("%d", &n); 16 17 printf("编码后的英文文本: "); 18 encoder(words, n); 19 printf("%s\n", words); 20 21 printf("对编码后的英文文本解码: "); 22 decoder(words, n); 23 printf("%s\n", words); 24 25 system("pause"); 26 return 0; 27 } 28 29 30 void encoder(char *str, int n) { 31 while(*str != '\0') 32 { 33 if(*str >= 'a' && *str <= 'z') 34 { 35 *str = (*str - 'a' + n) % 26 + 'a'; 36 } 37 else if(*str >= 'A' && *str <= 'Z') 38 { 39 *str = (*str -'A' + n) % 26 + 'A'; 40 } 41 str++; 42 } 43 } 44 45 46 void decoder(char *str, int n) { 47 while(*str != '\0') 48 { 49 if(*str >= 'a' && *str <= 'z') 50 { 51 *str = (*str - 'a' - n +26) % 26 + 'a'; 52 } 53 else if(*str >= 'A' && *str <= 'Z') 54 { 55 *str = (*str -'A' - n +26) % 26 + 'A'; 56 } 57 str++; 58 } 59 }
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试验任务8
代码:
1 #include <stdio.h> 2 #include <stdlib.h> 3 #include <string.h> 4 void sort (char *ps[], int n); 5 6 int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { 7 int i; 8 sort(argv + 1,argc - 1); 9 10 for(i = 1; i < argc; ++i) 11 printf("hello, %s\n", argv[i]); 12 13 system("pause"); 14 return 0; 15 } 16 17 void sort (char *ps[], int n){ 18 int i, j; 19 char *temp; 20 for(i = 0; i < n - 1; ++i) 21 { 22 for(j = 0; j < n - 1 - i; ++j) 23 { 24 if (strcmp(ps[j], ps[j + 1])>0) 25 { 26 temp = ps[j]; 27 ps[j] = ps[j + 1]; 28 ps[j + 1] = temp; 29 } 30 } 31 } 32 }
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