PHP笔记(二):字符串处理相关方法

本文记录PHP处理字符串的方法,包括普通字符串处理以及正则表达式处理字符串方法。

更详细PHP语法和函数介绍可参考官方文档:https://www.php.net/manual/zh/,本文仅记录了部分我使用到的一些方法。

本文使用的PHP版本为PHP 8.1.1

PHP基本语法

1、PHP语言标记

<?php //开始
?> //结束

2、PHP代码可以嵌入到html代码中

3、使用分号分隔指令,文件末尾的 PHP 代码段结束标记可以不要,结束标志 ?> 隐含了一个分号。

4、注释

/*
多行注释
*/
//单行注释

示例代码:

<?php echo 'hello world!' ?>

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">

<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8" />
    <title> PHP Demo <?php echo '演示'; ?></title>
</head>

<body>
    <br />
    <?php echo 'To the time to life, ' ?>
    <br />
    <?php echo 'rather than to life in time.';
    /*
    多行注释
    */
    //单行注释
    ?>
</body>

</html>

浏览器访问地址 http://localhost:8081/demo/

字符串处理

PHP提供了很多字符串处理相关函数,这里记录我使用到的部分方法。

1. 字符串分割

语法:explode(string $separator, string $string, int $limit = PHP_INT_MAX): array,返回字符串数组

举例:

<?php
$str = 'one,two,three';
print_r(explode(',',$str));
echo "<br/>";

print_r(explode(',',$str,2));
echo "<br/>";

$str1 = 'one
         two
         three';
print_r(explode(PHP_EOL,$str1));
?>

结果:

Array ( [0] => one [1] => two [2] => three )
Array ( [0] => one [1] => two,three )
Array ( [0] => one [1] => two [2] => three )

2. 用字符串连接数组元素

implode支持将数组元素拼接成字符串:implode(string $separator, array $array): string

举例:

<?php
/* implode */
$array = ['one', 'two', 'three'];
print_r(implode(",", $array)); 

?>

结果:

one,two,three

3. 字符串切片

使用 substr 方法来返回字符串的子串。

  • substr($string, $offset, $length = null)

举例:

<?php
/* substr */
$str = 'abcdefgh';
echo substr($str, -2) . "<br />\n";     // gh
echo substr($str, -2, 1) . "<br />\n";  // g
echo substr($str, 0, 1) . "<br />\n";   // a
echo substr($str, 0, -1) . "<br />\n";  // abcdefg
echo substr($str, 2, 3) . "<br />\n";   // cde
echo substr($str, -3, -1) . "<br />\n"; // fg

?>

4. 字符替换

str_replace(mixed $search, mixed $replace, mixed $subject, int &$count = ?): mixed - 字符替换,区分大小写。

str_ireplace() - 不区分大小写的替换。

举例:

<?php
/* str_replace */
$str="one,two,three";
print_r(str_replace('t','T',$str,$count));
echo "<br/>";
print_r($count);
echo "<br/>";

/* str_ireplace */
$str="one,two,Three";
print_r(str_ireplace('T','3',$str,$count));
echo "<br/>";

?>

结果:

one,Two,Three
2
one,3wo,3hree

5. 大小写转换

常用大小写转换方法:

  • strtolower - 将字母字符转换为小写。
  • strtoupper - 将字母字符转换为大写。
  • ucfirst - 首字母转换为大写。
  • lcfirst - 首字母转换为小写。
  • ucwords - 将字符串每个单词的首字符转换成大写。

举例:

<?php
/* strtolower */
$str = 'One,Two,Three';
echo strtolower($str) . "<br />\n";

/* strtoupper */
$str = 'one,two,three';
echo strtoupper($str) . "<br />\n";

/* ucfirst */
$str = 'one,two,three';
echo ucfirst($str) . "<br />\n";

/* lcfirst */
$str = 'One,Two,Three';
echo lcfirst($str) . "<br />\n";

/* ucwords */
$str = 'one,two,three';
echo ucwords($str,',') . "<br />\n";

?>

结果:

one,two,three
ONE,TWO,THREE
One,two,three
one,Two,Three
One,Two,Three

6. 字符ASCII 码相互转换

① 字符转ASCII 码:ord($string)

② ASCII 码转字符:

举例:

<?php
/* ord */
$str = 'A';
echo "Char: ". $str .", ASCII: " .ord($str) . "<br />\n";

/* chr */
echo "Char: ". chr(ord($str) + 1) . "<br />\n";

/* sprintf */
echo sprintf("Char: %c <br />\n", ord($str) + 2);

?>

结果:

Char: A, ASCII: 65
Char: B
Char: C

7. 将字符串解析成多个变量

parse_str - 一般用于解析URL中的参数。

举例:

<?php
/* parse_str */
$str = 'one=1&two=2&arr[]=3&arr[]=4';
parse_str($str, $output);

print_r($output);
echo "<br />\n";
print_r($output['arr']);
echo "<br />\n";

?>

结果:

Array ( [one] => 1 [two] => 2 [arr] => Array ( [0] => 3 [1] => 4 ) )
Array ( [0] => 3 [1] => 4 )

8. 字符查询

几种字符串查询方法:

  • substr_count( $haystack, $needle, $offset = 0, $length = null) - 计算子串出现的次数
  • strstr( $haystack, $needle, $before_needle = false) - 查找字符串的首次出现
  • strrchr( $haystack, $needle) - 查找指定字符在字符串中的最后一次出现
  • strpos($haystack, $needle, $offset = 0) - 查找字符串首次出现的位置(区分大小写)
  • stripos($haystack, $needle, $offset = 0) - 查找字符串首次出现的位置(不区分大小写)
  • strrpos($haystack, $needle, $offset = 0) - 计算指定字符串在目标字符串中最后一次出现的位置(区分大小写)
  • strripos($haystack, $needle, $offset = 0) - 计算指定字符串在目标字符串中最后一次出现的位置(不区分大小写)
  • strpbrk($haystack, $char_list) - 在字符串中查找一组字符的任何一个字符

举例:

<?php
/* substr_count */
$str = 'one,two,three';
echo "substr_count: " . substr_count($str,',') . "<br />\n";

/* strstr */
$str = 'one,two,three';
echo "strstr: " . strstr($str,',') . "<br />\n";
echo "strstr: " . strstr($str,',', true) . "<br />\n";

/* strrchr */
$str = 'one,two,three';
echo "strrchr: " . strrchr($str,',') . "<br />\n";

/* strpos */
$str = 'one,two,Three';
echo "strpos: " . strpos($str,'T') . "<br />\n";

/* stripos */
$str = 'one,two,Three';
echo "stripos: " . stripos($str,'T') . "<br />\n";

/* strrpos */
$str = 'one,two,Three';
echo "strrpos: " . strrpos($str,'t') . "<br />\n";

/* strripos */
$str = 'one,two,Three';
echo "strripos: " . strripos($str,'t') . "<br />\n";

/* strpbrk */
$str = 'one,two,Three';
echo "strpbrk: " . strpbrk($str,'nt') . "<br />\n";

?>

结果:

substr_count: 2
strstr: ,two,three
strstr: one
strrchr: ,three
strpos: 8
stripos: 4
strrpos: 4
strripos: 8
strpbrk: ne,two,Three

9. HTML字符转换

htmlspecialchars_decode($string, $flags = ENT_COMPAT | ENT_HTML401) — 将特殊的 HTML 实体转换回普通字符

htmlspecialchars ( $string, $flags = ENT_COMPAT | ENT_HTML401, $encoding = ini_get("default_charset"), $double_encode = true) - 将特殊字符转换为 HTML 实体

举例:

<?php
/* htmlspecialchars_decode */
$str = '&quot;http://www.baidu.com&quot;';
echo htmlspecialchars_decode($str) . "<br />\n";

?>

结果:

<?php
"http://www.baidu.com"
    
?>

10. 过滤变量

filter_var - 使用特定的过滤器过滤一个变量

举例:提取字符串中的数字

<?php

// 方法1
$str = 'one,two,Three,4';
echo "number: " . filter_var($str, FILTER_SANITIZE_NUMBER_INT) . "<br />\n";
// 方法2
preg_match_all('!\d+!', $str, $matches);
echo "<pre>";
print_r($matches);
echo "</pre>";
// 方法3
$str2 = preg_replace('/[^0-9]/', '', $str);
echo "number: " . $str2 . "<br />\n";

?>

结果:

number: 4
Array
(
    [0] => Array
        (
            [0] => 4
        )

)
number: 4

正则表达式处理字符串

1. 正则匹配

举例:

<?php

/* preg_match */
$str = 'http://www.baidu.com/ https://www.qq.com/';
$pattern = '/(https|http):\/\//';
$isMatched = preg_match($pattern, $str, $matches);
echo "<pre>";
print_r($matches);
echo "</pre>";

/* preg_match_all */
$isMatched = preg_match_all($pattern, $str, $matches);
echo "<pre>";
print_r($matches);
echo "</pre>";

$isMatched = preg_match_all($pattern, $str, $matches, PREG_SET_ORDER);
echo "<pre>";
print_r($matches);
echo "</pre>";

$isMatched = preg_match_all($pattern, $str, $matches, PREG_PATTERN_ORDER);
echo "<pre>";
print_r($matches);
echo "</pre>";

$str = '<img src="/zentao/file-read-95.png" alt="" /><img src="/zentao/file-read-96.png" alt="" />';
$pattern = '/src=\".*?([0-9]+).(.*?)\"/';
preg_match_all($pattern, $str, $diagrams);
echo "<pre>";
print_r($diagrams);
echo "</pre>";

?>

结果:

Array
(
    [0] => http://
    [1] => http
)
Array
(
    [0] => Array
        (
            [0] => http://
            [1] => https://
        )

    [1] => Array
        (
            [0] => http
            [1] => https
        )

)
Array
(
    [0] => Array
        (
            [0] => http://
            [1] => http
        )

    [1] => Array
        (
            [0] => https://
            [1] => https
        )

)
Array
(
    [0] => Array
        (
            [0] => http://
            [1] => https://
        )

    [1] => Array
        (
            [0] => http
            [1] => https
        )

)
Array
(
    [0] => Array
        (
            [0] => src="/zentao/file-read-95.png"
            [1] => src="/zentao/file-read-96.png"
        )

    [1] => Array
        (
            [0] => 95
            [1] => 96
        )

    [2] => Array
        (
            [0] => png
            [1] => png
        )

)

2. 分割字符串

  • preg_split(string $pattern, string $subject, int $limit = -1, int $flags = 0): array

举例:

<?php

/* preg_split */
$str = 'http://www.baidu.com/ https://www.qq.com/';
$pattern = '/(https|http):\/\//';
$chars = preg_split($pattern, $str, -1, PREG_SPLIT_NO_EMPTY);
echo "<pre>";
print_r($chars);
echo "</pre>";

$chars = preg_split($pattern, $str, -1, PREG_SPLIT_DELIM_CAPTURE);
echo "<pre>";
print_r($chars);
echo "</pre>";

$chars = preg_split($pattern, $str, -1, PREG_SPLIT_OFFSET_CAPTURE);
echo "<pre>";
print_r($chars);
echo "</pre>";

?>

结果:

Array
(
    [0] => www.baidu.com/ 
    [1] => www.qq.com/
)
Array
(
    [0] => 
    [1] => http
    [2] => www.baidu.com/ 
    [3] => https
    [4] => www.qq.com/
)
Array
(
    [0] => Array
        (
            [0] => 
            [1] => 0
        )

    [1] => Array
        (
            [0] => www.baidu.com/ 
            [1] => 7
        )

    [2] => Array
        (
            [0] => www.qq.com/
            [1] => 30
        )

)

输出:

Array
(
    [0] => Array
        (
            [0] => src="/zentao/file-read-95.png"
            [1] => src="/zentao/file-read-96.png"
        )

    [1] => Array
        (
            [0] => 95
            [1] => 96
        )

    [2] => Array
        (
            [0] => png
            [1] => png
        )

)

3. 正则替换

preg_replace 可以进行正则表达式的搜索和替换。

举例:

<?php
    
/* preg_replace */
$str = 'http://www.baidu.com/ https://www.qq.com/';
$pattern = '/(https|http):\/\//';
$replacement = '';
$newStr = preg_replace($pattern, $replacement, $str);
echo $newStr . "<br />\n";

?>

结果:

www.baidu.com/ www.qq.com/

参考资料:

  1. 字符串函数:https://www.php.net/manual/zh/ref.strings.php
  2. 正则表达式函数:https://www.php.net/manual/zh/ref.pcre.php
  3. PHP官方文档:https://www.php.net/manual/zh/
--THE END--
posted @ 2022-05-12 21:53  测试开发小记  阅读(99)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报