Linux上搭建开发环境

Linux安装JDK、MySQL、Tomcat

一：安装前环境，安装包版本准备

1.1：Centos版本

[root@192 ~]# uname -a
Linux 192.168.18.131 3.10.0-1160.42.2.el7.x86_64 #1 SMP Tue Sep 7 14:49:57 UTC 2021 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
#查看系统运行内核版本
[root@192 ~]# cat /proc/version
Linux version 3.10.0-1160.42.2.el7.x86_64 (mockbuild@kbuilder.bsys.centos.org) (gcc version 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-44) (GCC) ) #1 SMP Tue Sep 7 14:49:57 UTC 2021
    
[root@192 ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS Linux release 7.9.2009 (Core)

1.2：JDK版本

[root@localhost /]# java -version
java version "1.8.0_281"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_281-b09)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.281-b09, mixed mode)

1.3：MySQL版本

[root@localhost /]# mysql -V
mysql  Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.18, for linux-glibc2.5 (x86_64) using  EditLine wrapper

二：开始搭建环境

2.1：安装JDK

  1. 将jdk-8u281-linux-x64.tar.gz 包上传到/opt/soft目录下，没有soft则创建一个，该目录将作为暂存三方软件包的位置

  2. 解压jdk的tar包，tar -zxvf jdk-8u281-linux-x64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/JAVA目录，没有JAVA目录则自行创建一个

  3. 配置环境变量，vim /etc/profile文件，保存退出。

    #配置JDK
JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/JAVA/jdk1.8.0_281
CLASSPATH=$JAVA_HOME/lib/
PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin/
export JAVA_HOME CLASSPATH PATH

  4. 重新加载配置文件source /etc/profile

  5. 验证jdk是否安装成功，分别使用java -version、java、javac命令

    #java -version
[root@localhost soft]# java -version
java version "1.8.0_281"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_281-b09)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.281-b09, mixed mode)
 
#java命令
[root@localhost soft]# java
Usage: java [-options] class [args...]
           (to execute a class)
   or  java [-options] -jar jarfile [args...]
           (to execute a jar file)
where options include:
    -d32	  use a 32-bit data model if available
    -d64	  use a 64-bit data model if available
    -server	  to select the "server" VM
                  The default VM is server.

    -cp <class search path of directories and zip/jar files>
    -classpath <class search path of directories and zip/jar files>
                  A : separated list of directories, JAR archives,
                  and ZIP archives to search for class files.
    -D<name>=<value>
                  set a system property
    -verbose:[class|gc|jni]
                  enable verbose output
    -version      print product version and exit
    -version:<value>
                  Warning: this feature is deprecated and will be removed
                  in a future release.
                  require the specified version to run
    -showversion  print product version and continue
    -jre-restrict-search | -no-jre-restrict-search
                  Warning: this feature is deprecated and will be removed
                  in a future release.
                  include/exclude user private JREs in the version search
    -? -help      print this help message
    -X            print help on non-standard options
    -ea[:<packagename>...|:<classname>]
    -enableassertions[:<packagename>...|:<classname>]
                  enable assertions with specified granularity
    -da[:<packagename>...|:<classname>]
    -disableassertions[:<packagename>...|:<classname>]
                  disable assertions with specified granularity
    -esa | -enablesystemassertions
                  enable system assertions
    -dsa | -disablesystemassertions
                  disable system assertions
    -agentlib:<libname>[=<options>]
                  load native agent library <libname>, e.g. -agentlib:hprof
                  see also, -agentlib:jdwp=help and -agentlib:hprof=help
    -agentpath:<pathname>[=<options>]
                  load native agent library by full pathname
    -javaagent:<jarpath>[=<options>]
                  load Java programming language agent, see java.lang.instrument
    -splash:<imagepath>
                  show splash screen with specified image
See http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/documentation/index.html for more details.


#javac命令
[root@localhost soft]# javac
Usage: javac <options> <source files>
where possible options include:
  -g                         Generate all debugging info
  -g:none                    Generate no debugging info
  -g:{lines,vars,source}     Generate only some debugging info
  -nowarn                    Generate no warnings
  -verbose                   Output messages about what the compiler is doing
  -deprecation               Output source locations where deprecated APIs are used
  -classpath <path>          Specify where to find user class files and annotation processors
  -cp <path>                 Specify where to find user class files and annotation processors
  -sourcepath <path>         Specify where to find input source files
  -bootclasspath <path>      Override location of bootstrap class files
  -extdirs <dirs>            Override location of installed extensions
  -endorseddirs <dirs>       Override location of endorsed standards path
  -proc:{none,only}          Control whether annotation processing and/or compilation is done.
  -processor <class1>[,<class2>,<class3>...] Names of the annotation processors to run; bypasses default discovery process
  -processorpath <path>      Specify where to find annotation processors
  -parameters                Generate metadata for reflection on method parameters
  -d <directory>             Specify where to place generated class files
  -s <directory>             Specify where to place generated source files
  -h <directory>             Specify where to place generated native header files
  -implicit:{none,class}     Specify whether or not to generate class files for implicitly referenced files
  -encoding <encoding>       Specify character encoding used by source files
  -source <release>          Provide source compatibility with specified release
  -target <release>          Generate class files for specific VM version
  -profile <profile>         Check that API used is available in the specified profile
  -version                   Version information
  -help                      Print a synopsis of standard options
  -Akey[=value]              Options to pass to annotation processors
  -X                         Print a synopsis of nonstandard options
  -J<flag>                   Pass <flag> directly to the runtime system
  -Werror                    Terminate compilation if warnings occur
  @<filename>                Read options and filenames from file

  6. 到此jdk安装结束，

2.2：安装MySQL

  1. 将下载的官方tar包上传到/opt/soft/目录下，

  2. 先查询系统自带的数据库，查询命令rpm -qa|grep mariadb或yun list install|grep mariddb

    #查询自带的数据库
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa|grep mariadb
mariadb-libs-5.5.68-1.el7.x86_64
[root@localhost ~]# yum  list installed |grep mariadb
mariadb-libs.x86_64                   1:5.5.68-1.el7                   @base 
#卸载自带的数据库
yum  -y remove mariadb-libs.x86_64

安装mysql前要先进行检查自带的mysql数据库，如果存在就卸载自带的mysql
[root@192 usr]# rpm -qa|grep mariadb
mariadb-libs-5.5.68-1.el7.x86_64

#卸载命令
yum -y remove mariadb-libs-5.5.68-1.el7.x86_64

  3. 解压上传到/opt/soft/下的mysql-5.7.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz压缩包到/usr/local/MySQL,没有则创建MySQL

    tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/MySQL

  4. 创建mysql用户组

    groupadd mysql

  5. 创建mysql用户及指定该用户所属组

    useradd -r -g mysql mysql

  6. 在MySQL解压目录下创建data和logs文件夹

    [root@localhost local]# ls
bin  etc  games  include  java  lib  lib64  libexec  MySQL  sbin  share  src
[root@localhost local]# cd MySQL/
[root@localhost MySQL]# ls
mysql-5.7.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64

[root@localhost MySQL]# mv mysql-5.7.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64/* .
[root@localhost MySQL]# ls
bin  COPYING  docs  include  lib  man  mysql-5.7.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64  README  share  support-files
[root@localhost MySQL]# rm -rf mysql-5.7.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64/
[root@localhost MySQL]# ls
bin  COPYING  docs  include  lib  man  README  share  support-files
[root@localhost MySQL]# 


mkdir data
mkdir logs
[root@localhost MySQL]# ls
bin  COPYING  data  docs  include  lib  logs  man  README  share  support-files

  7. 修改/usr/local/MySQL文件夹所对应用户和组

    [root@localhost MySQL]# chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/MySQL/
[root@localhost MySQL]# ll
total 36
drwxr-xr-x.  2 mysql mysql  4096 Sep 13 22:34 bin
-rw-r--r--.  1 mysql mysql 17987 Mar 18  2017 COPYING
drwxr-xr-x.  2 mysql mysql     6 Sep 13 22:37 data
drwxr-xr-x.  2 mysql mysql    55 Sep 13 22:34 docs
drwxr-xr-x.  3 mysql mysql  4096 Sep 13 22:33 include
drwxr-xr-x.  5 mysql mysql   229 Sep 13 22:34 lib
drwxr-xr-x.  2 mysql mysql     6 Sep 13 22:37 logs
drwxr-xr-x.  4 mysql mysql    30 Sep 13 22:34 man
-rw-r--r--.  1 mysql mysql  2478 Mar 18  2017 README
drwxr-xr-x. 28 mysql mysql  4096 Sep 13 22:34 share
drwxr-xr-x.  2 mysql mysql    90 Sep 13 22:34 support-files

  8. 创建初始化配置问价，vim /etc/my.cnf

    [mysql]
#数据库默认编码
default-character-set=utf8mb4
#通信
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock

[mysqld]
#默认端口
port=3306
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
#默认安装路径
basedir=/usr/local/MySQL
#默认保存数据路径
datadir=/usr/local/MySQL/data
#最大连接数
max_connections=20
#最大等待时间
wait_timeout=3153600
#服务端默认编码
character-set-server=utf8mb4
#默认数据库引擎
default-storage-engine=InnoDB
#指定数据库日志文件路径
log-error=/usr/local/MySQL/log/error.log

explicit_defaults_for_timestamp=true
#跳过密码验证
#skip-grant-tables

  9. 在/var/lib目录下创建mysql文件夹，并设置权限

    mkdir mysql
chmod 757 mysql

  10. 进入到cd /usr/local/MySQL/目录下，执行初始化,不报错即可

    [root@localhost MySQL]# bin/mysqld  --initialize  --user=mysql  --datadir=/usr/local/MySQL/data/ --basedir=/usr/local/MySQL/

  11. 将/usr/local/MySQL/support-files目录下的mysql.serve复制到/ect/init.d/mysqld

    [root@localhost support-files]# ls
magic  mysqld_multi.server  mysql-log-rotate  mysql.server
[root@localhost support-files]# cp  mysql.server  /etc/init.d/mysqld

  12. 启动MySQL服务,如果启动报错，查看创建的data、log目录的权限是否足够

    [root@localhost MySQL]# service mysqld start
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!

  13. 配置MySQL的环境变量，vim /etc/profile

    #配置MySql
PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/MySQL/bin
export PATH

  14. 登录MySQL服务，进行密码修改，首次登录开启密码跳过验证

    [root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.7.18 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> use mysql;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed
mysql> select host,user,authentication_string from user;
+-----------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
| host      | user      | authentication_string                     |
+-----------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
| localhost | root      | *0F6CB0C5BCB1146BE855240EB5DFDD427D3330FA |
| localhost | mysql.sys | *THISISNOTAVALIDPASSWORDTHATCANBEUSEDHERE |
+-----------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> update user set authentication_string ='' ,host='%' where user='root';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> alter user  'root'@'%' identified by  'root123';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select host,user,authentication_string from user;
+-----------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
| host      | user      | authentication_string                     |
+-----------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
| %         | root      | *FAAFFE644E901CFAFAEC7562415E5FAEC243B8B2 |
| localhost | mysql.sys | *THISISNOTAVALIDPASSWORDTHATCANBEUSEDHERE |
+-----------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> exit
Bye

  15. 去掉vim /etc/my.cnf中的密码跳过验证，重启MySQL服务，进行密码登录

    #skip-grant-tables

#重启服务
[root@localhost ~]# service mysqld restart
Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS! 
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS! 

[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 4
Server version: 5.7.18 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> exit
Bye

  16. 开放3306端口，重启防火墙，以便于远程访问

    #开放3306端口
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3306/tcp --permanent
[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3306/tcp --permanent
success

#重启防火墙服务
systemctl restart firewalld.service
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart firewalld.service

#插卡开放端口信息
firewall-cmd --list-ports
[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --list-ports
80/tcp 6379/tcp 3306/tcp

#查看所有信息
firewall-cmd --list-all
[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --list-all
public (active)
  target: default
  icmp-block-inversion: no
  interfaces: ens33
  sources: 
  services: dhcpv6-client ssh
  ports: 80/tcp 6379/tcp 3306/tcp
  protocols: 
  masquerade: no
  forward-ports: 
  source-ports: 
  icmp-blocks: 
  rich rules:

  17. MySQL到此安装结束

2.3：安装Tomcat

  1. 下载tomcat的linux对应的压缩包，上传到/opt/soft目录下

  2. 解压tomcat压缩包，tar -zxvf apache-tomcat-8.5.64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/

    [root@localhost local]# ls
bin  etc  games  include  java  lib  lib64  libexec  MySQL  sbin  share  src  apache-tomcat-8.5.64

  3. 修改apache-tomcat-8.5.64的名字，mv apache-tomcat-8.5.64 tomcat8.5

    [root@localhost local]# ls
bin  etc  games  include  java  lib  lib64  libexec  MySQL  sbin  share  src  tomcat8.5

  4. 配置环境变量，vim /etc/profile

    #配置Tomcat
CATALINA_HOME=/usr/local/tomcat8.5
PATH=$PATH:$CATALINA/bin
export CATALINA_HOME PATH

  5. 重新加载配置文件，使其生效

    source /etc/profile

  6. 开放tomcat的8080端口，并重启防火墙systemctl restart firewalld

    firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=8080/tcp --permanent

  7. 运行tomcat启动程序，进入到cd /usr/local/tomcat8.5/bin/

    ./startup.sh

  8. 访问tomcat，http://linux主机IP:8080/

    http://192.168.18.130:8080/

  9. 到此tomcat安装完成

posted @ 2021-09-14 13:46  HI_H  阅读(213)  评论(0)    收藏  举报