老男孩python全栈就业班第9期第3部分Django基础第60天第一个Django项目
第一个Django项目
1.目录介绍
mysite/
├── manage.py # 管理文件
└── mysite # 项目目录
├── __init__.py
├── settings.py # 配置
├── urls.py # 路由 --> URL和函数的对应关系
└── wsgi.py # runserver命令就使用wsgiref模块做简单的web server
2.运行项目
python manage.py runserver 127.0.0.1:8000
3.模板文件配置
TEMPLATES = [
{
'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "template")], # template文件夹位置
'APP_DIRS': True,
'OPTIONS': {
'context_processors': [
'django.template.context_processors.debug',
'django.template.context_processors.request',
'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
],
},
},
]
4.静态文件配置
STATIC_URL = '/static/' # HTML中使用的静态文件夹前缀
STATICFILES_DIRS = [
os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "static"), # 静态文件存放位置
]
看不明白？有图有真相：
刚开始学习时可在配置文件中暂时禁用csrf中间件，方便表单提交测试。
MIDDLEWARE = [
'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
# 'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
]
5.Django基础必备三件套
from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse, render, redirect
1）HttpResponse
内部传入一个字符串参数，返回给浏览器。
例如：
def index(request):
# 业务逻辑代码
return HttpResponse("OK")
2）render
除request参数外还接受一个待渲染的模板文件和一个保存具体数据的字典参数。
将数据填充进模板文件，最后把结果返回给浏览器。（类似于我们上面用到的jinja2）
例如：
def index(request):
# 业务逻辑代码
return render(request, "index.html", {"name": "alex", "hobby": ["烫头", "泡吧"]})
3）redirect
接受一个URL参数，表示跳转到指定的URL。
例如：
def index(request):
# 业务逻辑代码
return redirect("/home/")
6.重定向是怎么一回事？
7.课后练习
Django版登录
8.启动 Django 报错
Django 启动时报错 “UnicodeEncodeError ...”
报这个错误通常是因为计算机名为中文，改成英文的计算机名重启下电脑就可以了。
Django 启动报错“SyntaxError: Generator expression must be parenthesized”
报这个错很大可能是因为使用了Python3.7.0，而目前(2018-06-12)Python3.7.0和Django还有点兼容性问题，换回Python3.6的环境即可。
实例
1.进入目录 mysite/mysite，修改文件 urls.py
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path
from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse
def yimi(request):
#request参数保存了所有和用户浏览器请求相关的数据
return HttpResponse('hello yimi')
def xiaohei(request):
return HttpResponse('hello xiaohei')
#保存了路径和函数的对应关系
urlpatterns = [
path('yimi/', yimi),
path('xiaohei/', xiaohei),
]
2.在pycharm中运行项目
python manage runserver 127.0.0.1:9000
3.浏览器看效果
4.进入目录 mysite/template，新建文件 yimi.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>yimi页面</h1>
</body>
</html>
5.进入目录 mysite/mysite，修改文件 urls.py
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path
from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse, render
def yimi(request):
#request参数保存了所有和用户浏览器请求相关的数据
#return HttpResponse('hello yimi')
with open("templates/yimi.html", "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
data = f.read()
return HttpResponse(data)
def xiaohei(request):
return HttpResponse('hello xiaohei')
#保存了路径和函数的对应关系
urlpatterns = [
path('yimi/', yimi),
path('xiaohei/', xiaohei),
]
6.浏览器测试
7.进入目录 mysite/mysite，修改文件 urls.py，使用 render
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path
from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse, render
def yimi(request):
#request参数保存了所有和用户浏览器请求相关的数据
#return HttpResponse('hello yimi')
# with open("templates/yimi.html", "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
# data = f.read()
# return HttpResponse(data)
return render(request, "yimi.html")
def xiaohei(request):
return HttpResponse('hello xiaohei')
#保存了路径和函数的对应关系
urlpatterns = [
path('yimi/', yimi),
path('xiaohei/', xiaohei),
]
8.浏览器测试，没有问题
9.进入目录 mysite/template，新建文件 login.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="x-ua-compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/bootstrap/css/bootstrap.min.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/fontawesome/css/font-awesome.min.css">
<title>mysite-登录页面</title>
<style>
body {
background-color: #eee;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 col-md-offset-4" style="margin-top: 100px">
<h1 class="text-center">请登录</h1>
<form class="form-horizontal" action="/login/" method="post">
<div class="form-group">
<label for="inputEmail3" class="col-sm-2 control-label"></label>
<div class="input-group col-sm-8">
<span class="input-group-addon"><i class="fa fa-envelope-o fa-fw"></i></span>
<input type="email" name="email" class="form-control" id="inputEmail3" placeholder="Email">
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="inputPassword3" class="col-sm-2 control-label"></label>
<div class="input-group col-sm-8">
<span class="input-group-addon"><i class="fa fa-key fa-fw"></i></span>
<input type="password" name="pwd" class="form-control" id="inputPassword3" placeholder="Password">
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<div class="input-group col-sm-offset-2 col-sm-8">
<div class="checkbox">
<label>
<input type="checkbox"> 记住我
</label>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<div class="input-group col-sm-offset-2 col-sm-8">
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary btn-block">登录</button>
</div>
</div>
<p class="text-danger text-center">{{ error }}</p>
</form>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
10.进入目录 mysite/mysite，修改文件 urls.py
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path
from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse, render
def yimi(request):
#request参数保存了所有和用户浏览器请求相关的数据
#return HttpResponse('hello yimi')
# with open("templates/yimi.html", "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
# data = f.read()
# return HttpResponse(data)
return render(request, "yimi.html")
def xiaohei(request):
return HttpResponse('hello xiaohei')
def login(request):
return render(request, 'login.html')
#保存了路径和函数的对应关系
urlpatterns = [
path('yimi/', yimi),
path('xiaohei/', xiaohei),
path('login/', login),
]
11.浏览器测试，但是没有样式
12.进入目录 mysite，新建目录 static，把源码中的js和css目录拷贝到目录 mysite/static 下
13.进入目录 mysite/mysite，修改文件 setting.py
import os
# Build paths inside the project like this: os.path.join(BASE_DIR, ...)
BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.2/howto/deployment/checklist/
# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
SECRET_KEY = 'v^v9)7=7%!^!y1sl4tb%$%al!7)(q80^aglfi-hs5kgqrj_r7_'
# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
DEBUG = True
ALLOWED_HOSTS = []
# Application definition
INSTALLED_APPS = [
'django.contrib.admin',
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
]
MIDDLEWARE = [
'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
]
ROOT_URLCONF = 'mysite.urls'
#所有跟html文件相关的设置都放在这里
TEMPLATES = [
{
'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
#告诉django我用到的html文件你都去这个目录找
'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'templates')],
'APP_DIRS': True,
'OPTIONS': {
'context_processors': [
'django.template.context_processors.debug',
'django.template.context_processors.request',
'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
],
},
},
]
WSGI_APPLICATION = 'mysite.wsgi.application'
# Database
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.2/ref/settings/#databases
DATABASES = {
'default': {
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
'NAME': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'db.sqlite3'),
}
}
# Password validation
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.2/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators
AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',
},
{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',
},
{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',
},
{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',
},
]
# Internationalization
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.2/topics/i18n/
LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us'
TIME_ZONE = 'UTC'
USE_I18N = True
USE_L10N = True
USE_TZ = True
# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.2/howto/static-files/
#静态文件保存目录的别名
STATIC_URL = '/static/'
#所有静态文件(css/js/图片)都放在我下面你配置的文件夹中
STATICFILES_DIRS = [
os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "static")
]
14.浏览器测试
posted on 2019-10-31 05:14 herisson_pan 阅读(7) 评论(0) 收藏 举报
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