SVN help Merge自译版
merge: Merge changes into a working copy.
usage:
1. merge SOURCE[@REV] [TARGET_WCPATH]
(the 'sync' merge)
2. merge [-c M[,N...] | -r N:M ...] SOURCE[@REV] [TARGET_WCPATH]
(the 'cherry-pick' merge)
3. merge --reintegrate SOURCE[@REV] [TARGET_WCPATH]
(the 'reintegrate' merge)
4. merge SOURCE1[@N] SOURCE2[@M] [TARGET_WCPATH]
(the '2-URL' merge)
1. This form is called a 'sync'(同步) (or 'catch-up'(追上)) merge:
svn merge SOURCE[@REV] [TARGET_WCPATH]
A sync merge is used to fetch(取得) all the latest changes made on a parent
branch. In other words, the target branch has originally been created
by copying the source branch, and any changes committed on the source
branch since branching are applied to the target branch. This uses
merge tracking to skip all those revisions that have already been
merged, so a sync merge can be repeated periodically(定期地) to stay up-to-
date with the source branch.
SOURCE specifies the branch from where the changes will be pulled(拖出), and
TARGET_WCPATH specifies a working copy of the target branch to which
the changes will be applied(涂，敷). Normally SOURCE and TARGET_WCPATH should
each correspond to(符合于…) the root of a branch. (If you want to merge only a
subtree, then the subtree path must be included in both SOURCE and
TARGET_WCPATH; this is discouraged, to avoid subtree mergeinfo.)
SOURCE is usually a URL. The optional '@REV' specifies both the peg
revision of the URL and the latest revision that will be considered
for merging; if REV is not specified, the HEAD revision is assumed. If
SOURCE is a working copy path, the corresponding URL of the path is
used, and the default value of 'REV' is the base revision (usually the
revision last updated to).省略实施修订版本，默认=PEG-REV。
TARGET_WCPATH is a working copy path; if omitted, '.' is assumed.
- Sync Merge Example -
A feature is being developed on a branch called 'feature', which has
originally been a copy of trunk. The feature branch has been regularly
synced with trunk to keep up with the changes made there. The previous
sync merges are not shown on this diagram, and the last of them was
done when HEAD was r100. Currently, HEAD is r200.
feature +------------------------o-----
/ ^
/ ............ |
/ . . /
trunk ------+------------L--------------R------
r100 r200
Subversion will locate(定位,查找) all the changes on 'trunk' that have not yet
been merged into the 'feature' branch. In this case that is a single
range, r100:200. In the diagram above, L marks the left side
(trunk@100) and R marks the right side (trunk@200) of the merge. The
difference between L and R will be applied to the target working copy
path. In this case, the working copy is a clean checkout of the entire
'feature' branch.
To perform this sync merge, have a clean working copy of the feature
branch and run the following command in its top-level directory:
svn merge ^/trunk (TARGET_WCPATH is a working copy path; if omitted, '.' is assumed.)
Note that the merge is now only in your local working copy and still
needs to be committed to the repository so that it can be seen by
others. You can review the changes and you may have to resolve
conflicts before you commit the merge.
2. This form is called a 'cherry(樱桃)-pick' merge:
svn merge [-c M[,N...] | -r N:M ...] SOURCE[@REV] [TARGET_WCPATH]
A cherry-pick merge is used to merge specific revisions (or revision
ranges) from one branch to another. By default, this uses merge
tracking to automatically skip any revisions that have already been
merged to the target; you can use the --ignore-ancestry option to
disable such skipping.
SOURCE is usually a URL. The optional '@REV' specifies only the peg
revision of the URL and does not affect the merge range; if REV is not
specified, the HEAD revision is assumed. If SOURCE is a working copy
path, the corresponding URL of the path is used, and the default value
of 'REV' is the base revision (usually the revision last updated to).
TARGET_WCPATH is a working copy path; if omitted, '.' is assumed.
The revision ranges to be merged are specified by the '-r' and/or '-c'
options. '-r N:M' refers to the difference in the history of the
source branch between revisions N and M. You can use '-c M' to merge
single revisions: '-c M' is equivalent to '-r <M-1>:M'. Each such
difference is applied to TARGET_WCPATH.
If the mergeinfo in TARGET_WCPATH indicates that revisions within the
range were already merged, changes made in those revisions are not
merged again. If needed, the range is broken into multiple sub-ranges,
and each sub-range is merged separately.
A 'reverse range' can be used to undo changes. For example, when
source and target refer to the same branch, a previously committed
revision can be 'undone'. In a reverse range, N is greater than M in
'-r N:M', or the '-c' option is used with a negative number: '-c -M'
is equivalent to '-r M:<M-1>'.
Multiple '-c' and/or '-r' options may be specified and mixing of
forward and reverse ranges is allowed.
- Cherry-pick Merge Example -
A bug has been fixed on trunk in revision 50. This fix needs to
be merged from trunk onto the release branch.
1.x-release +-----------------------o-----
/ ^
/ |
/ |
trunk ------+--------------------------LR-----
r50
In the above diagram, L marks the left side (trunk@49) and R marks the
right side (trunk@50) of the merge. The difference between the left
and right side is applied to the target working copy path.
Note that the difference between revision 49 and 50 is exactly those
changes that were committed in revision 50, not including changes
committed in revision 49.
To perform the merge, have a clean working copy of the release branch
and run the following command in its top-level directory; remember
that the default target is '.':
svn merge -c50 ^/trunk (TARGET_WCPATH is a working copy path; if omitted, '.' is assumed.)
You can also cherry-pick several revisions and/or revision ranges:
svn merge -c50,54,60 -r65:68 ^/trunk
3. This form is called a 'reintegrate(重建；恢复) merge':
svn merge --reintegrate SOURCE[@REV] [TARGET_WCPATH]
In a reintegrate merge, an (e.g. feature) branch is merged back to its
originating branch. In other words, the source branch has originally
been created by copying the target branch(与第一形式恰好相反), development has concluded(结束)
on the source branch and it should now be merged back into the target
branch.
SOURCE is the URL of a branch to be merged back. If REV is specified,
it is used as the peg revision for SOURCE; if REV is not specified,
the HEAD revision is assumed.
TARGET_WCPATH is a working copy of the branch the changes will be
applied to.
- Reintegrate Merge Example -
A feature has been developed on a branch called 'feature'. The feature
branch started as a copy of trunk@W. Work on the feature has completed
and it should be merged back into the trunk.
The feature branch was last synced with trunk up to revision X. So the
difference between trunk@X and feature@HEAD contains the complete set
of changes that implement the feature, and no other changes. These
changes are applied to trunk.
feature +--------------------------------R
/ . \
/ ............. \
/ . v
trunk ------+--------------------L------------------o
rW rX
In the diagram above, L marks the left side (trunk@X) and R marks the
right side (feature@HEAD) of the merge. The difference between the
left and right side is merged into trunk, the target.
To perform the merge, have a clean working copy of trunk and run the
following command in its top-level directory:
svn merge --reintegrate ^/feature
To prevent unnecessary merge conflicts, a reintegrate merge requires
that TARGET_WCPATH is not a mixed-revision working copy, has no local
modifications, and has no switched subtrees.
A reintegrate merge also requires that the source branch is coherently(前后一致地)
synced with the target -- in the above example, this means that all
revisions between the branch point W and the last merged revision X
are merged to the feature branch, so that there are no unmerged
revisions in-between.
After the reintegrate merge, the feature branch cannot be synced to
the trunk again without merge conflicts. If further work must be done
on the feature branch, it should be deleted and then re-created.
4. This form is called a '2-URL merge':
svn merge SOURCE1[@N] SOURCE2[@M] [TARGET_WCPATH]
Two source URLs are specified, together with two revisions N and M.
The two sources are compared at the specified revisions, and the
difference is applied to TARGET_WCPATH, which is a path to a working
copy of another branch. The three branches involved(涉及的) can be completely
unrelated.
You should use this merge variant(变体型) only if the other variants do not
apply to your situation, as this variant can be quite complex to
master.
If TARGET_WCPATH is omitted, a default value of '.' is assumed.
However, in the special case where both sources refer to a file node
with the same basename and a similarly named file is also found within
'.', the differences will be applied to that local file. The source
revisions default to HEAD if omitted.
The sources can also be specified as working copy paths, in which case
the URLs of the merge sources are derived(派生的) from the working copies.
- 2-URL Merge Example -
Two features have been developed on separate branches called 'foo' and
'bar'. It has since become clear that 'bar' should be combined with
the 'foo' branch for further development before reintegration.
Although both feature branches originate from trunk, they are not
directly related -- one is not a direct copy of the other. A 2-URL
merge is necessary.
The 'bar' branch has been synced with trunk up to revision 500.
(If this revision number is not known, it can be located using the
'svn log' and/or 'svn mergeinfo' commands.)
The difference between trunk@500 and bar@HEAD contains the complete
set of changes related to feature 'bar', and no other changes. These
changes are applied to the 'foo' branch.
foo +-----------------------------------o
/ ^
/ /
/ r500 /
trunk ------+------+-----------------L---------> /
\ . /
\ ............ /
\ . /
bar +-----------------------------------R
In the diagram above, L marks the left side (trunk@500) and R marks
the right side (bar@HEAD) of the merge. The difference between the
left and right side is applied to the target working copy path, in
this case a working copy of the 'foo' branch.
To perform the merge, have a clean working copy of the 'foo' branch
and run the following command in its top-level directory:
svn merge ^/trunk@500 ^/bar
The exact changes applied by a 2-URL merge can be previewed with svn's
diff command, which is a good idea to verify if you do not have the
luxury(奢侈) of a clean working copy to merge to. In this case:
svn diff ^/trunk@500 ^/bar@HEAD
The following applies to all types of merges:
To prevent unnecessary merge conflicts, svn merge requires that
TARGET_WCPATH is not a mixed-revision working copy. Running 'svn update'
before starting a merge ensures that all items in the working copy are
based on the same revision.
If possible, you should have no local modifications in the merge's target
working copy prior to the merge, to keep things simpler. It will be
easier to revert the merge and to understand the branch's history.
Switched sub-paths should also be avoided during merging, as they may
cause incomplete merges and create subtree mergeinfo.
For each merged item a line will be printed with characters reporting the
action taken. These characters have the following meaning:
A Added
D Deleted
U Updated
C Conflict
G Merged
E Existed
R Replaced
Characters in the first column report about the item itself.
Characters in the second column report about properties of the item.
A 'C' in the third column indicates a tree conflict, while a 'C' in
the first and second columns indicate textual conflicts in files
and in property values, respectively.
- Merge Tracking -
Subversion uses the svn:mergeinfo property to track merge history. This
property is considered at the start of a merge to determine what to merge
and it is updated at the conclusion(结论) of the merge to describe the merge
that took place. Mergeinfo is used only if the two sources are on the
same line of history -- if the first source is an ancestor of the second,
or vice-versa(反之亦然) (i.e. if one has originally been created by copying the
other). This is verified and enforced when using sync merges and
reintegrate merges.
The --ignore-ancestry option prevents merge tracking(足迹) and thus(因此) ignores
mergeinfo, neither considering it nor recording it.
- Merging from foreign repositories -
Subversion does support merging from foreign(不相关的) repositories.
While all merge source URLs must point to the same repository, the merge
target working copy may come from a different repository than the source.
However, there are some caveats(警告). Most notably(最显着 最引人注目的是最主要是), copies made in the
merge source will be transformed into plain(无格式) additions in the merge
target. Also, merge-tracking is not supported for merges from foreign
repositories.
Valid options:
-r [--revision] ARG : ARG (some commands also take ARG1:ARG2 range)
A revision argument can be one of:
NUMBER revision number
'{' DATE '}' revision at start of the date
'HEAD' latest in repository
'BASE' base rev of item's working copy
'COMMITTED' last commit at or before BASE
'PREV' revision just before COMMITTED
-c [--change] ARG : the change made by revision ARG (like -r ARG-1:ARG)
If ARG is negative this is like -r ARG:ARG-1
-N [--non-recursive] : obsolete; try --depth=files or --depth=immediates
--depth ARG : limit operation by depth ARG ('empty', 'files',
'immediates', or 'infinity')
-q [--quiet] : print nothing, or only summary information
--force : force operation to run
--dry-run : try operation but make no changes
--diff3-cmd ARG : use ARG as merge command
--record-only : merge only mergeinfo differences
-x [--extensions] ARG : Default: '-u'. When Subversion is invoking an
external diff program, ARG is simply passed along
to the program. But when Subversion is using its
default internal diff implementation, or when
Subversion is displaying blame annotations, ARG
could be any of the following:
-u (--unified):
Output 3 lines of unified context.
-b (--ignore-space-change):
Ignore changes in the amount of white space.
-w (--ignore-all-space):
Ignore all white space.
--ignore-eol-style:
Ignore changes in EOL style.
-p (--show-c-function):
Show C function name in diff output.
--ignore-ancestry : ignore ancestry when calculating merges
--accept ARG : specify automatic conflict resolution action
('postpone', 'working', 'base', 'mine-conflict',
'theirs-conflict', 'mine-full', 'theirs-full',
'edit', 'launch')
(shorthand: 'p', 'mc', 'tc', 'mf', 'tf', 'e', 'l')
--reintegrate : merge a branch back into its parent branch
--allow-mixed-revisions : Allow merge into mixed-revision working copy.
Use of this option is not recommended!
Please run 'svn update' instead.
Global options:
--username ARG : specify a username ARG
--password ARG : specify a password ARG
--no-auth-cache : do not cache authentication tokens
--non-interactive : do no interactive prompting
--trust-server-cert : accept SSL server certificates from unknown
certificate authorities without prompting (but only
with '--non-interactive')
--config-dir ARG : read user configuration files from directory ARG
--config-option ARG : set user configuration option in the format:
FILE:SECTION:OPTION=[VALUE]
For example:
servers:global:http-library=serf
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