Grpc在C#中的用法
Grpc：引用官网中的一句话
A high-performance, open-source universal RPC framework
所谓RPC(remote procedure call 远程过程调用)框架实际是提供了一套机制，使得应用程序之间可以进行通信，而且也遵从server/client模型。使用的时候客户端调用server端提供的接口就像是调用本地的函数一样。如下图所示就是一个典型的RPC结构图。
架构图：
下面用demo展示Grpc的基本用法，其中包括普通流模式，客户端流模式，服务端流模式，双向流模式
一.Server
1. 首先新建工程，添加Grpc.AspNetCore包，新建protos文件夹，新建protobuffer文件，文件都是以proto作为后缀，我这里是student.proto
syntax = "proto3"; //指定版本 // 定义命名空间 option csharp_namespace = "Grpc.Server.Demo"; // 指定包名，避免冲突 package user; // 定义Student 的 message类型 message Student { string UserName = 1; int32 Age=2; string addr = 3; } // 公共返回类型 message CommonResponse{ int32 code =1; string msg=2; } // 添加学生时传递的类型 message AddStudentRequest{ Student student=1; } // 查询全部学生，没有条件，但也需要一个空的message message QueryAllStudentRequest { } // 上传图片 message UploadImgRequest{ bytes data = 1; } // 查询学生时传递的类型 message QueryStudentRequest { string UserName=1; } message StudentResponse { Student student =1; } message TokenRequest{ string UserName=1; string UserPwd=2; } message TokenResponse{ string Token =1; } // 约定需要提供的服务方法 service StudentService{ rpc GetToken(TokenRequest) returns (TokenResponse); // 简单模式，查询 rpc GetStudentByUserName(QueryStudentRequest) returns (StudentResponse); // 服务端流模式 rpc GetAllStudent(QueryAllStudentRequest) returns (stream StudentResponse); // 客户端流模式 rpc UploadImg(stream UploadImgRequest) returns (CommonResponse); // 双向流模式 rpc AddManyStudents(stream AddStudentRequest) returns (stream StudentResponse); }
2.这个时候需要右键项目->编辑项目文件，增加ItemGroup，这里很重要，不然后面增加服务class时会提示找不到服务接口
<ItemGroup>
<Protobuf Include="Protos\student.proto" GrpcServices="Server" />
<Protobuf Include="Protos\greet.proto" GrpcServices="Server" />
<Protobuf Include="Protos\Teachers.proto" GrpcServices="Server"/>
</ItemGroup>
3.新建StudentDemoService类，继承StudentService.StudentServiceBase，其中StudentService是student.proto文件中定义的类名，StudentServiceBase是默认的，即StudentService+Base，然后右键StudentDemoService->快速操作和重构->生成重写，选择需要重构的方法
using Grpc.Core;
using Grpc.Server.Demo.Permission;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication.JwtBearer;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authorization;
using Microsoft.IdentityModel.Tokens;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IdentityModel.Tokens.Jwt;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;
using System.Security.Claims;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
namespace Grpc.Server.Demo.Services
{
//[Authorize]
//[Authorize(Policy = "Permission")]
public class StudentDemoService: StudentService.StudentServiceBase
{
private PermissionRequirement _permissionRequirement;
public StudentDemoService(PermissionRequirement permissionRequirement)
{
_permissionRequirement = permissionRequirement;
}
public override Task<StudentResponse> GetStudentByUserName(QueryStudentRequest request, ServerCallContext context)
{
var res = Data.Students.Where(s => s.UserName == request.UserName).FirstOrDefault();
if (res == null)
{
return Task.FromResult(new StudentResponse { });
}
var studentRes = new StudentResponse
{
Student = res
};
return Task.FromResult(studentRes);
}
public override async Task GetAllStudent(QueryAllStudentRequest request,
IServerStreamWriter<StudentResponse> responseStream,
ServerCallContext context)
{
// 之前整体传过去，现在可以模拟一个一个的传
foreach(var student in Data.Students)
{
await responseStream.WriteAsync(new StudentResponse { Student = student });
}
}
public override async Task<CommonResponse> UploadImg(IAsyncStreamReader<UploadImgRequest> requestStream,
ServerCallContext context)
{
try
{
var tempData = new List<byte>();
while (await requestStream.MoveNext())
{
tempData.AddRange(requestStream.Current.Data);
}
Console.WriteLine($"接收到文件大小:{tempData.Count}bytes");
using FileStream fs = new FileStream("test.jpg", FileMode.Create);
fs.Write(tempData.ToArray(), 0, tempData.ToArray().Length);
return new CommonResponse { Code = 0, Msg = "接收成功" };
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
return new CommonResponse { Code = -1, Msg = "接收失败" };
}
}
public override async Task AddManyStudents(IAsyncStreamReader<AddStudentRequest> requestStream, IServerStreamWriter<StudentResponse> responseStream, ServerCallContext context)
{
while(await requestStream.MoveNext())
{
var student = requestStream.Current.Student;
Data.Students.Add(student);
await responseStream.WriteAsync(new StudentResponse
{
Student = student
}) ;
}
}
[AllowAnonymous]
public override Task<TokenResponse> GetToken(TokenRequest request, ServerCallContext context)
{
// 模拟登陆验证
if(request.UserName!="Code综艺圈"||request.UserPwd!="admin123")
{
return Task.FromResult(new TokenResponse { Token = string.Empty });
}
// 这里可以根据需要将其权限放在Redis中，每次登陆时都重新存，即登陆获取最新权限
// 这里模拟通过userId从数据库中获取分配的接口权限信息，这里存在内存中
_permissionRequirement.Permissions = new List<PermissionData> {
new PermissionData{ UserId="UserId123456",Url="/user.studentservice/getallstudent" },
new PermissionData{ UserId="UserId123456",Url="/user.studentservice/addmanystudents" }
};
// 当登陆验证通过之后才获取对应的token
string token = GenerateToken("UserId123456", request.UserName);
// 返回效应结果
return Task.FromResult(new TokenResponse { Token=token});
}
private string GenerateToken(string userId, string userName)
{
// 秘钥，这是生成Token需要秘钥，和Startup中用到的一致
string secret = "TestSecretTestSecretTestSecretTestSecret";
// 签发者，是由谁颁发的，和Startup中用到的一致
string issuer = "TestgRPCIssuer";
// 接受者，是给谁用的，和Startup中用到的一致
string audience = "TestgRPCAudience";
// 指定秘钥
var securityKey = new SymmetricSecurityKey(Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(secret));
// 签名凭据，指定对应的签名算法，结合理论那块看哦~~~
var sigingCredentials = new SigningCredentials(securityKey, SecurityAlgorithms.HmacSha256);
// 自定义payload信息，每一个claim代表一个属性键值对，就类似身份证上的姓名，出生年月一样
var claims = new Claim[] { new Claim("userId", userId),
new Claim("userName", userName),
// claims中添加角色属性，这里的键一定要用微软封装好的ClaimTypes.Role
new Claim(ClaimTypes.Role,"Admin"),
new Claim(ClaimTypes.Role,"Maintain")
};
// 组装生成Token的数据
SecurityToken securityToken = new JwtSecurityToken(
issuer: issuer,// 颁发者
audience: audience,// 接受者
claims: claims,//自定义的payload信息
signingCredentials: sigingCredentials,// 凭据
expires: DateTime.Now.AddMinutes(30) // 设置超时时间，30分钟之后过期
);
// 生成Token
return new JwtSecurityTokenHandler().WriteToken(securityToken);
}
}
}
二.Client
1.新建工程添加Google.Protobuf，Grpc.Net.Client,Grpc.Tools包
把刚才服务端新建的student.proto文件复制过来
调用方式：
using var channel = GrpcChannel.ForAddress("https://localhost:5001");
var grpcClient = new StudentService.StudentServiceClient(channel);
//2、客户端一次请求，多次返回
using var respStreamingCall = grpcClient.GetAllStudent(new QueryAllStudentRequest());
客户端完整的调用方式如下：
using Google.Protobuf;
using Grpc.Core;
using Grpc.Net.Client;
using Grpc.Server.Demo;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Forms;
namespace WinFormsGrpc.Client.Demo
{
public partial class Form1 : Form
{
public Form1()
{
InitializeComponent();
}
private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
// 允许多线程更新UI
Control.CheckForIllegalCrossThreadCalls = false;
}
#region 简单模式
private void btn_sample_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
//1、创建grpc客户端
using var channel = GrpcChannel.ForAddress("https://localhost:5001");
var grpcClient = new StudentService.StudentServiceClient(channel);
//2、发起请求
var resp = grpcClient.GetStudentByUserName(new QueryStudentRequest
{
UserName = txt_condition.Text.Trim()
});
//3、处理响应结果，将其显示在文本框中
this.txt_result.Text = $"姓名：{resp?.Student?.UserName}，年龄：{resp?.Student?.Age}，地址：{resp?.Student?.Addr}";
}
#endregion
#region 服务端流模式
private async void btn_server_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
//用于多线程通知
CancellationTokenSource cts = new CancellationTokenSource();
//1、创建grpc客户端
using var channel = GrpcChannel.ForAddress("https://localhost:5001");
var grpcClient = new StudentService.StudentServiceClient(channel);
//2、客户端一次请求，多次返回
using var respStreamingCall = grpcClient.GetAllStudent(new QueryAllStudentRequest());
//3、获取响应流
var respStreaming = respStreamingCall.ResponseStream;
//4、循环读取响应流，直到读完为止
while (await respStreaming.MoveNext(cts.Token))
{
//5、取得每次返回的信息，并显示在文本框中
var student = respStreaming.Current.Student;
this.txt_result.Text += $"姓名：{student.UserName}，年龄：{student.Age}，地址：{student.Addr}\r\n";
}
}
#endregion
private async void btn_client_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
// 用于存放选择的文件路径
string filePath = string.Empty;
// 打开文件选择对话框
if (this.openFileDialog1.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.OK)
{
filePath = this.openFileDialog1.FileName;
}
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(filePath))
{
this.txt_result.Text = "请选择文件";
return;
}
//1、创建grpc客户端
using var channel = GrpcChannel.ForAddress("https://localhost:5001");
var grpcClient = new StudentService.StudentServiceClient(channel);
//2、读取选择的文件
FileStream fileStream = File.OpenRead(filePath);
//3、通过客户端请求流将文件流发送的服务端
using var call = grpcClient.UploadImg();
var clientStream = call.RequestStream;
//4、循环发送，指定发送完文件
while (true)
{
// 一次最多发送1024字节
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int nRead = await fileStream.ReadAsync(buffer, 0, buffer.Length);
// 直到读不到数据为止，即文件已经发送完成，即退出发送
if (nRead == 0)
{
break;
}
// 5、将每次读取到的文件流通过客户端流发送到服务端
await clientStream.WriteAsync(new UploadImgRequest { Data = ByteString.CopyFrom(buffer) });
}
// 6、发送完成之后，告诉服务端发送完成
await clientStream.CompleteAsync();
// 7、接收返回结果，并显示在文本框中
var res = await call.ResponseAsync;
this.txt_result.Text = $"上传返回Code:{res.Code},Msg:{res.Msg}";
}
private async void btn_double_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
//用于多线程通知
CancellationTokenSource cts = new CancellationTokenSource();
//模拟通过请求流方式保存多个Student，同时通过响应流的方式返回存储结果
List<Student> students = new List<Student> {
new Student{ UserName="Code综艺圈1", Age=20, Addr="关注我一块学" },
new Student{ UserName="综艺圈好酷", Age=18, Addr="关注Code综艺圈和我一块学" }
};
//1、创建grpc客户端
using var channel = GrpcChannel.ForAddress("https://localhost:5001");
var grpcClient = new StudentService.StudentServiceClient(channel);
//2、分别取得请求流和响应流
using var call = grpcClient.AddManyStudents();
var requestStream = call.RequestStream;
var responseStream = call.ResponseStream;
//3、开启一个线程专门用来接收响应流
var taskResp = Task.Run(async () =>
{
while (await responseStream.MoveNext(cts.Token))
{
var student = responseStream.Current.Student;
// 将接收到结果在文本框中显示 ，多线程更新UI简单处理一下：Control.CheckForIllegalCrossThreadCalls = false;
this.txt_result.Text += $"保存成功，姓名：{student.UserName}，年龄：{student.Age}，地址：{student.Addr}\r\n";
}
});
//4、通过请求流的方式将多条数据依次传到服务端
foreach (var student in students)
{
// 每次发送一个学生请求
await requestStream.WriteAsync(new AddStudentRequest
{
Student = student
});
}
//5、传送完毕
await requestStream.CompleteAsync();
await taskResp;
}
private async Task<string> GetToken()
{
//1、创建grpc客户端
using var channel = GrpcChannel.ForAddress("https://localhost:5001");
var grpcClient = new StudentService.StudentServiceClient(channel);
//2、发起请求
var resp = await grpcClient.GetTokenAsync(new TokenRequest
{
UserName = "Code综艺圈",
UserPwd = "admin123"
});
return resp.Token;
}
private async void btn_server_token_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
//用于多线程通知
CancellationTokenSource cts = new CancellationTokenSource();
//1、创建grpc客户端
using var channel = GrpcChannel.ForAddress("https://localhost:5001");
var grpcClient = new StudentService.StudentServiceClient(channel);
// 获取Token
var token = await GetToken();
// 将Token封装为Metadat和请求一起发送过去
var headers = new Metadata
{
{"Authorization",$"Bearer {token}"}
};
//2、客户端一次请求，多次返回
using var respStreamingCall = grpcClient.GetAllStudent(new QueryAllStudentRequest(), headers);
//3、获取响应流
var respStreaming = respStreamingCall.ResponseStream;
//4、循环读取响应流，直到读完为止
while (await respStreaming.MoveNext(cts.Token))
{
//5、取得每次返回的信息，并显示在文本框中
var student = respStreaming.Current.Student;
this.txt_result.Text += $"姓名：{student.UserName}，年龄：{student.Age}，地址：{student.Addr}\r\n";
}
}
}
}
本文来自博客园，作者：可乐加冰-Mr-Wang，转载请注明原文链接：https://www.cnblogs.com/helloworld-wang/p/15035652.html
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