十四：水平对齐(Horizontal Align)

块元素对齐

块元素是一个元素，占用了全宽，前后都是换行符。

块元素的例子：

  • <h1>
  • <p>
  • <div>

文本对齐，请参阅 CSS文本 章节。.

在这一章中，我们会告诉你块元素如何水平对齐布局。

中心对齐,使用margin属性

块元素可以把左，右页边距设置为"自动"对齐。

Note: 在IE8中使用margin:auto属性无法正常工作，除非声明 !DOCTYPE

margin属性可任意拆分为左，右页边距设置自动指定，结果都是出现居中元素：

<html>
<head>
<style>
.center
{
margin:auto;
width:70%;
background-color:#b0e0e6;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="center">
<p>In my younger and more vulnerable years my father gave me some advice that I've been turning over in my mind ever since.</p>
<p>'Whenever you feel like criticizing anyone,' he told me, 'just remember that all the people in this world haven't had the advantages that you've had.'</p>
</div>
<p><b>Note: </b>Using margin:auto will not work in IE8, unless a !DOCTYPE is declared.</p>
</body>
</html>

提示: 如果宽度是100％，对齐是没有效果的。

 

使用position属性设置左，右对齐

元素对齐的方法之一是使用绝对定位：

<html>
<head>
<style>
.right
{
position:absolute;
right:0px;
width:300px;
background-color:#b0e0e6;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="right">
<p>In my younger and more vulnerable years my father gave me some advice that I've been turning over in my mind ever since.</p>
<p>'Whenever you feel like criticizing anyone,' he told me, 'just remember that all the people in this world haven't had the advantages that you've had.'</p>
</div>
</body>
</html>

注意：绝对定位与文档流无关，所以它们可以覆盖页面上的其它元素。

Crossbrowser 兼容性问题

<p类似这样的元素对齐时，预先确定margin和元素的填充，始终是一个好主意。这是为了避免在不同的浏览器中的可视化差异。

 

IE8和早期有一个问题，当使用position属性时。如果一个容器元素（在本例中<div class="container">）指定的宽度，!DOCTYPE声明是缺失，IE8和早期版本会在右边增添17px的margin。这似乎是一个滚动的预留空间。使用position属性时始终设置在DOCTYPE声明中！

<html>
<head>
<style>
body
{
margin:0;
padding:0;
}
.container
{
position:relative;
width:100%;
}
.right
{
position:absolute;
right:0px;
width:300px;
background-color:#b0e0e6;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
<div class="right">
<p><b>Note: </b>When aligning using the position property, always include the !DOCTYPE declaration! If missing, it can produce strange results in IE browsers.</p>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>

使用float属性设置左，右对齐

使用float属性是对齐元素的方法之一：

<html>
<head>
<style>
.right
{
float:right;
width:300px;
background-color:#b0e0e6;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="right">
<p>In my younger and more vulnerable years my father gave me some advice that I've been turning over in my mind ever since.</p>
<p>'Whenever you feel like criticizing anyone,' he told me, 'just remember that all the people in this world haven't had the advantages that you've had.'</p>
</div>
</body>
</html>

Crossbrowser兼容性问题

类似这样的元素对齐时，预先确定margin和元素的填充，始终是一个好主意。这是为了避免在不同的浏览器中的可视化差异。

IE8和早期有一个问题，当使用float属性时。如果一个容器元素（在本例中<div class="container">）指定的宽度，!DOCTYPE声明是缺失，IE8和早期版本会在右边增添17px的margin。这似乎是一个滚动的预留空间。使用float属性时始终设置在DOCTYPE声明中！

<html>
<head>
<style>
body
{
margin:0;
padding:0;
}
.right
{
float:right;
width:300px;
background-color:#b0e0e6;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="right">
<p><b>Note: </b>When aligning using the float property, always include the !DOCTYPE declaration! If missing, it can produce strange results in IE browsers.</p>
</div>
</body>
</html>

 

posted on 2018-07-10 22:32  myworldworld  阅读(423)  评论(0)    收藏  举报

导航