数组方法
04、数组的方法
4.1 - sort 排序
可以使用数组自带的sort方法，它的参数是一个函数，可以接受两个参数进行比较大于0，进而确定升序还是降序
const months = ['March', 'Jan', 'Feb', 'Dec'];
months.sort();
console.log(months);
// expected output: Array ["Dec", "Feb", "Jan", "March"]
const array1 = [1, 30, 4, 21, 100000];
array1.sort();
console.log(array1);
// expected output: Array [1, 100000, 21, 30, 4]
4.2 - join 转字符串
join方法将一个数组（或一个
const elements = ['Fire', 'Air', 'Water'];
console.log(elements.join());
// expected output: "Fire,Air,Water"
console.log(elements.join(''));
// expected output: "FireAirWater"
console.log(elements.join('-'));
// expected output: "Fire-Air-Water"
4.3 - reverse 颠倒
颠倒数组中元素的顺序。 改变数组
const array1 = ['one', 'two', 'three'];
console.log('array1:', array1);
// expected output: "array1:" Array ["one", "two", "three"]
const reversed = array1.reverse();
console.log('reversed:', reversed);
// expected output: "reversed:" Array ["three", "two", "one"]
// Careful: reverse is destructive -- it changes the original array.
console.log('array1:', array1);
// expected output: "array1:" Array ["three", "two", "one"]
4.4 - concat 合并
方法用于合并两个或多个数组。此方法不会更改现有数组，而是返回一个新数组。
const array1 = ['a', 'b', 'c'];
const array2 = ['d', 'e', 'f'];
const array3 = array1.concat(array2);
console.log(array3);
// expected output: Array ["a", "b", "c", "d", "e", "f"]
4.5 - slice 剪切
slice()方法返回一个新的数组对象，这一对象是一个由 begin 和 end 决定的原数组的浅拷贝（包括 begin，不包括end）。原始数组不会被改变。
const animals = ['ant', 'bison', 'camel', 'duck', 'elephant'];
console.log(animals.slice(2));
// expected output: Array ["camel", "duck", "elephant"]
console.log(animals.slice(2, 4));
// expected output: Array ["camel", "duck"]
console.log(animals.slice(1, 5));
// expected output: Array ["bison", "camel", "duck", "elephant"]
console.log(animals.slice(-2));
// expected output: Array ["duck", "elephant"]
console.log(animals.slice(2, -1));
// expected output: Array ["camel", "duck"]
4.6 - splice 改变数组
添加或删除数组中的元素，会改变原始数组。
const months = ['Jan', 'March', 'April', 'June'];
months.splice(1, 0, 'Feb');
// inserts at index 1
console.log(months);
// expected output: Array ["Jan", "Feb", "March", "April", "June"]
months.splice(4, 1, 'May');
// replaces 1 element at index 4
console.log(months);
// expected output: Array ["Jan", "Feb", "March", "April", "May"]
4.7 - push 末尾添加
向数组的末尾添加一个或多个元素，并返回新的长度
const animals = ['pigs', 'goats', 'sheep'];
const count = animals.push('cows');
console.log(count);
// expected output: 4
console.log(animals);
// expected output: Array ["pigs", "goats", "sheep", "cows"]
animals.push('chickens', 'cats', 'dogs');
console.log(animals);
// expected output: Array ["pigs", "goats", "sheep", "cows", "chickens", "cats", "dogs"]
4.8 - pop 末尾删除
删除数组的最后一个元素并返回删除的元素。
const plants = ['broccoli', 'cauliflower', 'cabbage', 'kale', 'tomato'];
console.log(plants.pop());
// expected output: "tomato"
console.log(plants);
// expected output: Array ["broccoli", "cauliflower", "cabbage", "kale"]
plants.pop();
console.log(plants);
// expected output: Array ["broccoli", "cauliflower", "cabbage"]
4.9 - shift 首部添加
把数组的第一个元素从其中删除，并返回第一个元素的值
const array1 = [1, 2, 3];
const firstElement = array1.shift();
console.log(array1);
// expected output: Array [2, 3]
console.log(firstElement);
// expected output: 1
4.10 - unshift 首部删除
向数组的开头添加一个或更多元素，并返回新的长度
const array1 = [1, 2, 3];
console.log(array1.unshift(4, 5));
// expected output: 5
console.log(array1);
// expected output: Array [4, 5, 1, 2, 3]
4.11 - filter 过滤
创建一个新数组, 其包含通过所提供函数实现的测试的所有元素。
返回 true 表示该元素通过测试，保留该元素，false 则不保留。
const words = ['spray', 'limit', 'elite', 'exuberant', 'destruction', 'present'];
const result = words.filter(word => word.length > 6);
console.log(result);
// expected output: Array ["exuberant", "destruction", "present"]
数组中第一个满足所提供测试函数的元素的值，否则返回
const array1 = [5, 12, 8, 130, 44];
const found = array1.find(element => element > 10);
console.log(found);
// expected output: 12
4.13 - forEach 遍历
const array1 = ['a', 'b', 'c'];
array1.forEach(element => console.log(element));
// expected output: "a"
// expected output: "b"
// expected output: "c"
4.14 - includes 包含
includes() 方法用来判断一个数组是否包含一个指定的值，根据情况，如果包含则返回 true，否则返回 false。
const array1 = [1, 2, 3];
console.log(array1.includes(2));
// expected output: true
const pets = ['cat', 'dog', 'bat'];
console.log(pets.includes('cat'));
// expected output: true
console.log(pets.includes('at'));
// expected output: false
4.15 - isArray 判断数组
Array.isArray() 用于确定传递的值是否是一个
Array.isArray([1, 2, 3]);
// true
Array.isArray({foo: 123});
// false
Array.isArray("foobar");
// false
Array.isArray(undefined);
// false
4.16 - map 遍历
map 方法会给原数组中的每个元素都按顺序调用一次 callback 函数。callback 每次执行后的返回值（包括
const array1 = [1, 4, 9, 16];
// pass a function to map
const map1 = array1.map(x => x * 2);
console.log(map1);
// expected output: Array [2, 8, 18, 32]
4.17 - reduce 遍历
reduce() 方法对数组中的每个元素执行一个由您提供的reducer函数(升序执行)，将其结果汇总为单个返回值。
const array1 = [1, 2, 3, 4];
const reducer = (previousValue, currentValue) => previousValue + currentValue;
// 1 + 2 + 3 + 4
console.log(array1.reduce(reducer));
// expected output: 10
// 5 + 1 + 2 + 3 + 4
console.log(array1.reduce(reducer, 5));
// expected output: 15
4.18 - some 判断
some()方法测试数组中是不是至少有1个元素通过了被提供的函数测试。它返回的是一个Boolean类型的值。
some()为数组中的每一个元素执行一次 callback 函数，直到找到一个使得 callback 返回一个“真值”（即可转换为布尔值 true 的值）。如果找到了这样一个值，some() 将会立即返回 true。否则，some() 返回 false。callback 只会在那些”有值“的索引上被调用，不会在那些被删除或从来未被赋值的索引上调用。
const array = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
// checks whether an element is even
const even = (element) => element % 2 === 0;
console.log(array.some(even));
// expected output: true
4.19 - toString 转字符串
const array1 = [1, 2, 'a', '1a'];
console.log(array1.toString());
// expected output: "1,2,a,1a"
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