MQTT——编写连接报文

笔者在上一章对连接报文进行了相关的讲解。这一章笔者想写一个连接报文的例子来加深理解。本来这一章也应该在上一章出现的。可是笔者怕太长了。不好方便阅。所以决定分俩章来。正如笔者上一章所讲的。笔者会用Netty通信框架进行编写。主要因为Netty已经为我们集成了相关MQTT功能。

开发环境

开发工具:intellij idea.(以前我一直在eclipse。最近新版的老报错。所以就放弃了)

Netty包:netty-all-4.1.16.Final.jar。下载网站:http://netty.io/downloads.html

JDK:JAVA 8

第三包:commons-lang3-3.6.jar。下载网站:http://commons.apache.org/proper/commons-lang/download_lang.cgi

MQTT编写

在这里笔者并不打包把客户端的代码一起编写出。事实上关于客户端的开源的代码是非常多的。笔者这里只会略微的编写一下服务端的代码。当然这里代码只是为方更了解MQTT协议。并非企业级的编蜜枣这一点希望读者见谅。为了实现连接报文。笔者定义了三个类。

Main类:用于启动服务。

BrokerHandler类:处理接受来的信息。

BrokerSessionHelper:用于发送信息给客户。

Main类的源码

 1 public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception  {
 2         EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
 3         EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
 4 
 5         Runtime.getRuntime().addShutdownHook(new Thread() {
 6             public void run() {
 7                 workerGroup.shutdownGracefully();
 8                 bossGroup.shutdownGracefully();
 9             }
10         });
11 
12 
13         ServerBootstrap b = new ServerBootstrap();
14         b.group(bossGroup, workerGroup)
15                 .channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)
16                 .handler(new LoggingHandler(LogLevel.INFO))
17                 .childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
18                     @Override
19                     public void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
20 
21                         ChannelPipeline p = ch.pipeline();
22 
23                         p.addFirst("idleHandler", new IdleStateHandler(0, 0, 120));
24                         p.addLast("encoder", MqttEncoder.INSTANCE);
25                         p.addLast("decoder", new MqttDecoder());
26                         p.addLast("logicHandler", new BrokerHandler(65535));
27 
28                     }
29                 })
30                 .option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 511)
31                 .childOption(ChannelOption.SO_KEEPALIVE, true);
32 
33         ChannelFuture f = b.bind("0.0.0.0", 1883).sync();
34 
35         f.channel().closeFuture().sync();
36     }

上面的1、2俩行表是Netty里面俩个线程组。事实上也就是Reactor线程组。bossGroup 用于处理接受来自客户端的连接。workerGroup 用于处理接受客户端的读取信息。13行的ServerBootstrap可以理解为启动服务的一个引导类。主要关键是他的group方法。这样子就可以把俩个线程组关系在一起了。重点就在17行这里。childHandler用于处理IO事件。比如读取客户端进行。然后自己编码。你们可以看到24行的MqttEncoder.INSTANCE和25行的MqttDecoder吧。他们就是用于处理MQTT协议传来的信息进行处理。而26行BrokerHandler类就是笔者来处理每一个报文对应的响应。笔者就不在过多的说了。如果你们不懂的话,可以去看一下Netty框架的知识在过看的话会比较好。

BrokerHandler类的源码

  1 public class BrokerHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<MqttMessage> {
  2     private MqttVersion version;
  3     private String clientId;
  4     private String userName;
  5     private String brokerId;
  6     private boolean connected;
  7     private boolean cleanSession;
  8     private int keepAlive;
  9     private int keepAliveMax;
 10     private MqttPublishMessage willMessage;
 11 
 12     public BrokerHandler(int keepAliveMax) {
 13 
 14         this.keepAliveMax = keepAliveMax;
 15     }
 16 
 17     @Override
 18     @SuppressWarnings("ThrowableResultOfMethodCallIgnored")
 19     protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, MqttMessage msg) throws Exception {
 20 
 21         if (msg.decoderResult().isFailure()) {
 22 
 23             Throwable cause = msg.decoderResult().cause();
 24 
 25             if (cause instanceof MqttUnacceptableProtocolVersionException) {
 26 
 27                 BrokerSessionHelper.sendMessage(
 28                         ctx,
 29                         MqttMessageFactory.newMessage(
 30                                 new MqttFixedHeader(MqttMessageType.CONNACK, false, MqttQoS.AT_MOST_ONCE, false, 0),
 31                                 new MqttConnAckVariableHeader(MqttConnectReturnCode.CONNECTION_REFUSED_UNACCEPTABLE_PROTOCOL_VERSION, false),
 32                                 null),
 33                         "INVALID",
 34                         null,
 35                         true);
 36 
 37             } else if (cause instanceof MqttIdentifierRejectedException) {
 38 
 39                 BrokerSessionHelper.sendMessage(
 40                         ctx,
 41                         MqttMessageFactory.newMessage(
 42                                 new MqttFixedHeader(MqttMessageType.CONNACK, false, MqttQoS.AT_MOST_ONCE, false, 0),
 43                                 new MqttConnAckVariableHeader(MqttConnectReturnCode.CONNECTION_REFUSED_IDENTIFIER_REJECTED, false),
 44                                 null),
 45                         "INVALID",
 46                         null,
 47                         true);
 48             }
 49 
 50             ctx.close();
 51 
 52             return;
 53         }
 54 
 55         switch (msg.fixedHeader().messageType()) {
 56             case CONNECT:
 57                 onConnect(ctx, (MqttConnectMessage) msg);
 58                 break;
 59             case PUBLISH:
 60                 onPublish(ctx, (MqttPublishMessage) msg);
 61                 break;
 62             case PUBACK:
 63                 onPubAck(ctx, msg);
 64                 break;
 65             case PUBREC:
 66                 onPubRec(ctx, msg);
 67                 break;
 68             case PUBREL:
 69                 onPubRel(ctx, msg);
 70                 break;
 71             case PUBCOMP:
 72                 onPubComp(ctx, msg);
 73                 break;
 74             case SUBSCRIBE:
 75                 onSubscribe(ctx, (MqttSubscribeMessage) msg);
 76                 break;
 77             case UNSUBSCRIBE:
 78                 onUnsubscribe(ctx, (MqttUnsubscribeMessage) msg);
 79                 break;
 80             case PINGREQ:
 81                 onPingReq(ctx);
 82                 break;
 83             case DISCONNECT:
 84                 onDisconnect(ctx);
 85                 break;
 86         }
 87 
 88     }
 89 
 90     private void onConnect(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, MqttConnectMessage msg) {
 91 
 92         this.version = MqttVersion.fromProtocolNameAndLevel(msg.variableHeader().name(), (byte) msg.variableHeader().version());
 93         this.clientId = msg.payload().clientIdentifier();
 94         this.cleanSession = msg.variableHeader().isCleanSession();
 95 
 96         if (msg.variableHeader().keepAliveTimeSeconds() > 0 && msg.variableHeader().keepAliveTimeSeconds() <= this.keepAliveMax) {
 97             this.keepAlive = msg.variableHeader().keepAliveTimeSeconds();
 98         }
 99 
100         //MQTT 3.1之后可能存在为空的客户ID。所以要进行处理。如果客户ID是空,而且还在保存处理相关的信息。这样子是不行。
101         //必须有客户ID我们才能存保相关信息。
102         if (StringUtils.isBlank(this.clientId)) {
103             if (!this.cleanSession) {
104 
105                 BrokerSessionHelper.sendMessage(
106                         ctx,
107                         MqttMessageFactory.newMessage(
108                                 new MqttFixedHeader(MqttMessageType.CONNACK, false, MqttQoS.AT_MOST_ONCE, false, 0),
109                                 new MqttConnAckVariableHeader(MqttConnectReturnCode.CONNECTION_REFUSED_IDENTIFIER_REJECTED, false),
110                                 null),
111                         "INVALID",
112                         null,
113                         true);
114 
115                 ctx.close();
116 
117                 return;
118 
119             } else {
120                 this.clientId =  java.util.UUID.randomUUID().toString();
121             }
122         }
123 
124         //有可能发送俩次的连接包。如果已经存在连接就是关闭当前的连接。
125         if (this.connected) {
126             ctx.close();
127             return;
128         }
129 
130 
131         boolean userNameFlag = msg.variableHeader().hasUserName();
132         boolean passwordFlag = msg.variableHeader().hasPassword();
133         this.userName = msg.payload().userName();
134 
135         String password = "" ;
136         if( msg.payload().passwordInBytes() != null  && msg.payload().passwordInBytes().length > 0)
137             password =   new String(msg.payload().passwordInBytes());
138 
139         boolean mistake = false;
140 
141         //如果有用户名标示,那么就必须有密码标示。
142         //当有用户名标的时候,用户不能为空。
143         //当有密码标示的时候,密码不能为空。
144         if (userNameFlag) {
145             if (StringUtils.isBlank(this.userName))
146                 mistake = true;
147         } else {
148             if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(this.userName) || passwordFlag) mistake = true;
149         }
150 
151 
152         if (passwordFlag) {
153 
154             if (StringUtils.isBlank(password)) mistake = true;
155         } else {
156             if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(password)) mistake = true;
157         }
158 
159         if (mistake) {
160             BrokerSessionHelper.sendMessage(
161                     ctx,
162                     MqttMessageFactory.newMessage(
163                             new MqttFixedHeader(MqttMessageType.CONNACK, false, MqttQoS.AT_MOST_ONCE, false, 0),
164                             new MqttConnAckVariableHeader(MqttConnectReturnCode.CONNECTION_REFUSED_BAD_USER_NAME_OR_PASSWORD, false),
165                             null),
166                     this.clientId,
167                     null,
168                     true);
169             ctx.close();
170             return;
171         }
172 
173         BrokerSessionHelper.sendMessage(
174                 ctx,
175                 MqttMessageFactory.newMessage(
176                         new MqttFixedHeader(MqttMessageType.CONNACK, false, MqttQoS.AT_MOST_ONCE, false, 0),
177                         new MqttConnAckVariableHeader(MqttConnectReturnCode.CONNECTION_ACCEPTED, !this.cleanSession),
178                         null),
179                 this.clientId,
180                 null,
181                 true);
182 
183         ChannelHandlerContext lastSession = BrokerSessionHelper.removeSession(this.clientId);
184         if (lastSession != null) {
185             lastSession.close();
186         }
187 
188         String willTopic = msg.payload().willTopic();
189         String willMessage = "";
190         if(msg.payload().willMessageInBytes() != null && msg.payload().willMessageInBytes().length > 0)
191             willMessage =  new String(msg.payload().willMessageInBytes());
192 
193         if (msg.variableHeader().isWillFlag() && StringUtils.isNotEmpty(willTopic) && StringUtils.isNotEmpty(willMessage)) {
194 
195             this.willMessage = (MqttPublishMessage) MqttMessageFactory.newMessage(
196                     new MqttFixedHeader(MqttMessageType.PUBLISH, false, MqttQoS.valueOf(msg.variableHeader().willQos()), msg.variableHeader().isWillRetain(), 0),
197                     new MqttPublishVariableHeader(willTopic, 0),
198                     Unpooled.wrappedBuffer(willMessage.getBytes())
199             );
200         }
201 
202         this.connected = true;
203         BrokerSessionHelper.saveSession(this.clientId, ctx);
204     }
205 
206     private void onSubscribe(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, MqttSubscribeMessage msg) {
207     }
208     
209     private void onUnsubscribe(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, MqttUnsubscribeMessage msg) {
210     }
211 
212     private void onPingReq(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) {
213     }
214 
215     private void onDisconnect(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) {
216 
217         if (!this.connected) {
218             ctx.close();
219             return;
220         }
221 
222         BrokerSessionHelper.removeSession(this.clientId, ctx);
223 
224         this.willMessage = null;
225 
226         this.connected = false;
227 
228         ctx.close();
229 
230     }
231 
232     private void onPubComp(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, MqttMessage msg) {
233 
234     }
235     
236     private void onPubRel(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, MqttMessage msg) {
237     }
238 
239     private void onPubRec(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, MqttMessage msg) {
240     }
241     
242     private void onPubAck(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, MqttMessage msg) {
243     }
244 
245     private void onPublish(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, MqttPublishMessage msg) {
246     }
247 }
BrokerHandler类

 19 行中的channelRead0方法中有俩个参数。一个为ChannelHandlerContext(通首的上下文)。一个是MqttMessage(客户端来的MQTT报文)。我们接下来动作都是跟MqttMessage来做相关的逻辑处理。这一点从55行就可以看出来。我们可以判断他是什么类型的报文。笔者这里只实现连接报文的处理。21行的代码msg.decoderResult().isFailure()是用来判断传过来的报文是不是正确的。事实上是Netty框架帮我们做了第一层的验证。23行就是获得发生的异常。

从第99行onConnect方法开始就是处理连接报文的处理。笔者这里只做下面相关的处理。

1.验证保持连接(Keep Alive)的有效性。代码如下

1      if (msg.variableHeader().keepAliveTimeSeconds() > 0 && msg.variableHeader().keepAliveTimeSeconds() <= this.keepAliveMax) {
2             this.keepAlive = msg.variableHeader().keepAliveTimeSeconds();
3         }

2.验证客户ID为空的时候,还要求保存会话状。这是不合理的。因为我的会话状态是跟根客户ID来保存。否则的话,随更给一个。反正后面还是清除会话状态。那么为什么会有空的呢?主要是在MQTT 3.1.1里面指出客户ID可以为空了。

 1  if (StringUtils.isBlank(this.clientId)) {
 2             if (!this.cleanSession) {
 3 
 4                 BrokerSessionHelper.sendMessage(
 5                         ctx,
 6                         MqttMessageFactory.newMessage(
 7                                 new MqttFixedHeader(MqttMessageType.CONNACK, false, MqttQoS.AT_MOST_ONCE, false, 0),
 8                                 new MqttConnAckVariableHeader(MqttConnectReturnCode.CONNECTION_REFUSED_IDENTIFIER_REJECTED, false),
 9                                 null),
10                         "INVALID",
11                         null,
12                         true);
13 
14                 ctx.close();
15 
16                 return;
17 
18             } else {
19                 this.clientId =  java.util.UUID.randomUUID().toString();
20             }
21         }

3.判断是否是第二次连接报文。如果是的话,就要断开了。

1  if (this.connected) {
2             ctx.close();
3             return;
4         }

4.判断用户和密码是否合法性。比如上一章出讲到的只有在用户名标志为1的时候,密码才可以出现。

   boolean userNameFlag = msg.variableHeader().hasUserName();
        boolean passwordFlag = msg.variableHeader().hasPassword();
        this.userName = msg.payload().userName();

        String password = "" ;
        if( msg.payload().passwordInBytes() != null  && msg.payload().passwordInBytes().length > 0)
            password =   new String(msg.payload().passwordInBytes());

        boolean mistake = false;

        //如果有用户名标示,那么就必须有密码标示。
        //当有用户名标的时候,用户不能为空。
        //当有密码标示的时候,密码不能为空。
        if (userNameFlag) {
            if (StringUtils.isBlank(this.userName))
                mistake = true;
        } else {
            if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(this.userName) || passwordFlag) mistake = true;
        }


        if (passwordFlag) {

            if (StringUtils.isBlank(password)) mistake = true;
        } else {
            if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(password)) mistake = true;
        }

        if (mistake) {
            BrokerSessionHelper.sendMessage(
                    ctx,
                    MqttMessageFactory.newMessage(
                            new MqttFixedHeader(MqttMessageType.CONNACK, false, MqttQoS.AT_MOST_ONCE, false, 0),
                            new MqttConnAckVariableHeader(MqttConnectReturnCode.CONNECTION_REFUSED_BAD_USER_NAME_OR_PASSWORD, false),
                            null),
                    this.clientId,
                    null,
                    true);
            ctx.close();
            return;
        }

6.接受客户端了。事实上笔者还有很多没有做的事情。比如保存会状态的处理。因为主要是为学习所以就没有讲出来。在加上会话状态存保就要思考保存在哪里。同时还有一个就是用户的合法性验证没有处理。

1   BrokerSessionHelper.sendMessage(
2                 ctx,
3                 MqttMessageFactory.newMessage(
4                         new MqttFixedHeader(MqttMessageType.CONNACK, false, MqttQoS.AT_MOST_ONCE, false, 0),
5                         new MqttConnAckVariableHeader(MqttConnectReturnCode.CONNECTION_ACCEPTED, !this.cleanSession),
6                         null),
7                 this.clientId,
8                 null,
9                 true);

7.处理当前报文的遗嘱。

 1    String willTopic = msg.payload().willTopic();
 2         String willMessage = "";
 3         if(msg.payload().willMessageInBytes() != null && msg.payload().willMessageInBytes().length > 0)
 4             willMessage =  new String(msg.payload().willMessageInBytes());
 5 
 6         if (msg.variableHeader().isWillFlag() && StringUtils.isNotEmpty(willTopic) && StringUtils.isNotEmpty(willMessage)) {
 7 
 8             this.willMessage = (MqttPublishMessage) MqttMessageFactory.newMessage(
 9                     new MqttFixedHeader(MqttMessageType.PUBLISH, false, MqttQoS.valueOf(msg.variableHeader().willQos()), msg.variableHeader().isWillRetain(), 0),
10                     new MqttPublishVariableHeader(willTopic, 0),
11                     Unpooled.wrappedBuffer(willMessage.getBytes())
12             );
13         }

 如果你看到这个类的最后代码的时候,会发现笔者也写了相关的ACNNACK响应。他的内容比较简单。大家看代码吧。

 1 private void onDisconnect(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) {
 2 
 3         if (!this.connected) {
 4             ctx.close();
 5             return;
 6         }
 7 
 8         BrokerSessionHelper.removeSession(this.clientId, ctx);
 9 
10         this.willMessage = null;
11 
12         this.connected = false;
13 
14         ctx.close();
15 
16     }

 

BrokerSessionHelper类的源码

public class BrokerSessionHelper {

    private static final Map<String, ChannelHandlerContext> sessionRepository = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();

    public static void saveSession(String clientId, ChannelHandlerContext session) {
        sessionRepository.put(clientId, session);
    }


    public static ChannelHandlerContext getSession(String clientId) {

        return sessionRepository.get(clientId);
    }

    public static ChannelHandlerContext removeSession(String clientId) {

        return sessionRepository.remove(clientId);
    }

    public  static boolean removeSession(String clientId, ChannelHandlerContext session) {
        return sessionRepository.remove(clientId, session);
    }

    /**
     * 发送信息
     *
     * @param msg
     * @param clientId
     * @param packetId
     * @param flush
     */
    public static void sendMessage(MqttMessage msg, String clientId, Integer packetId, boolean flush) {
        ChannelHandlerContext ctx = getSession(clientId);
        if (ctx == null) {
            String pid = packetId == null || packetId <= 0 ? "" : String.valueOf(packetId);
            return;
        }
        sendMessage(ctx, msg, clientId, packetId, flush);
    }


    /**
     * 发送信息
     *
     * @param ctx
     * @param msg
     * @param clientId
     * @param packetId
     * @param flush
     */
    public static void sendMessage(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, MqttMessage msg, String clientId, Integer packetId, boolean flush) {
        String pid = packetId == null || packetId <= 0 ? "" : String.valueOf(packetId);
        ChannelFuture future = flush ? ctx.writeAndFlush(msg) : ctx.write(msg);
        future.addListener(f -> {
            if (f.isSuccess()) {

            } else {

            }
        });
    }
}
View Code

BrokerSessionHelper类就是用于存放当前服务器上相关通道信息。同时用于发送返回的相关报文。读者们可以进行看代码吧。

这个时候就你们只按照以前面讲的去做。就可以抓到报文了。客户端的话。笔者只用前面说的MQTTLens来测试。

posted @ 2017-11-04 16:36  Aomi  阅读(6369)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报