Java Netty 服务端向客户端发送16进制数据
放假前夕，接手一个不太熟悉的任务，不过好在用的东西，比较熟，就是netty通讯。具体遇到什么问题嘞，我们来看一下。
netty服务端可以接收消息，但是不能正确的发送消息给客户端，最开始看到的时候，没有注意到，会是编码问题，具体我们来看一下吧。
在写的过程中，看到这篇文章，我才意识到，我可能被同事已有的代码误导了：
这里比较郁闷的是，人家没有加编码，而我这边是，加了编码，初看 没意识到。然后在解码器里边去处理了接收的消息，还想发送消息出去。
这里就不给大家看没改之前的，直接上正确代码。
启动类：
import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelOption;
import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel;
import io.netty.handler.logging.LogLevel;
import io.netty.handler.logging.LoggingHandler;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
@Slf4j
public class NettyServer {
private static class SingletionWSServer {
static final NettyServer instance = new NettyServer();
}
public static NettyServer getInstance() {
return SingletionWSServer.instance;
}
private EventLoopGroup mainGroup;
private EventLoopGroup subGroup;
private ServerBootstrap server;
private ChannelFuture future;
public NettyServer() {
// 主线程组
mainGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
// 子线程组
subGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
// netty服务器的创建，ServerBootstrap是一个启动类
server = new ServerBootstrap();
server.group(mainGroup, subGroup)// 设置主从线程组
.option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 100).handler(new LoggingHandler(LogLevel.INFO))
.channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)// 设置nio双向通道
.childHandler(new NettyServerInitializer());// 子处理器，用于处理subGroup
}
/**
* 启动
*/
public void bind(int port) {
try {
this.future = server.bind(port).sync();
System.err.println("netty websocket server 启动完毕...");
log.info("netty websocket server 启动完毕...");
this.future.channel().closeFuture().sync();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
System.err.println("netty websocket server 启动异常..." + e.getMessage());
log.debug("netty websocket server 启动异常..." + e.getMessage());
}
}
}
NettyServerInitializer
import com.slife.netty.coder.NettyMessageDecoder;
import com.slife.netty.coder.NettyMessageEncoder;
import com.slife.netty.handler.HeartBeatHandler;
import com.slife.netty.handler.NettyServerHandler;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelPipeline;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.handler.codec.LengthFieldBasedFrameDecoder;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
@Slf4j
public class NettyServerInitializer extends ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel> {
@Override
protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
log.info("初始化 SocketChannel");
ChannelPipeline pipeline = ch.pipeline();
// 自定义解码器
pipeline.addLast(new NettyMessageDecoder());
// 自定义编码器
pipeline.addLast(new NettyMessageEncoder());
// 自定义的空闲检测
pipeline.addLast(new HeartBeatHandler());
// ========================增加心跳支持 end ========================
/**
*
* @param maxFrameLength
* 帧的最大长度
* @param lengthFieldOffset
* length字段偏移的地址
* @param lengthFieldLength
* length字段所占的字节长
* @param lengthAdjustment
* 修改帧数据长度字段中定义的值，可以为负数 因为有时候我们习惯把头部记入长度,若为负数,则说明要推后多少个字段
* @param initialBytesToStrip
* 解析时候跳过多少个长度
* @param failFast
* 为true，当frame长度超过maxFrameLength时立即报TooLongFrameException异常，为false，读取完整个帧再报异
*/
pipeline.addLast(new LengthFieldBasedFrameDecoder(1024 * 1024 * 1024, 4, 4, 2, 0));
// 自定义hanler 处理解码消息并回复信息
pipeline.addLast(new NettyServerHandler());
}
}
这里需要解析一下的是这个类，LengthFieldBasedFrameDecoder，上述代码的注解是翻译过来的，定义的参数值，大家要依据自己的实际情况去设置。
监控：HeartBeatHandler
import io.netty.channel.Channel;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter;
import io.netty.handler.timeout.IdleState;
import io.netty.handler.timeout.IdleStateEvent;
public class HeartBeatHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {
@Override
public void userEventTriggered(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object evt) throws Exception {
// 判断evt是否是IdleStateEvent（用于触发用户事件，包含 读空闲/写空闲/读写空闲）
if (evt instanceof IdleStateEvent) {
IdleStateEvent event = (IdleStateEvent) evt; // 强制类型转换
if (event.state() == IdleState.READER_IDLE) {
System.out.println("进入读空闲...");
} else if (event.state() == IdleState.WRITER_IDLE) {
System.out.println("进入写空闲...");
} else if (event.state() == IdleState.ALL_IDLE) {
System.out.println("channel关闭前channelGroup数量为："+ NettyServerHandler.channelGroup.size());
System.out.println("进入读写空闲...");
Channel channel = ctx.channel();
//关闭无用的channel，以防资源浪费
channel.close();
System.out.println("channel关闭后channelGroup数量为："+ NettyServerHandler.channelGroup.size());
}
}
}
}
解码器：NettyMessageDecoder
import java.util.List;
import com.netty.constant.Delimiter;
import com.netty.pojo.GpsMessage;
import com.netty.pojo.LoginMsg;
import com.utils.CrcUtils;
import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.handler.codec.ByteToMessageDecoder;
public class NettyMessageDecoder extends ByteToMessageDecoder {
@Override
protected void decode(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, ByteBuf in, List<Object> out) throws Exception {
System.out.println("开始解码：");
int length = in.readableBytes();
if (length < Delimiter.MINIMUM_LENGTH)
return;
in.markReaderIndex(); // 我们标记一下当前的readIndex的位置
// 解码后消息对象
GpsMessage gpsMessage = new GpsMessage();
byte packetLen = in.readByte();
int nPacketLen = packetLen & 0xff;
gpsMessage.setPacketLen(nPacketLen);
/**
* 协议
*/
byte agreement = in.readByte();
gpsMessage.setAgreement(agreement);
ByteBuf frame = null;
if (agreement == Delimiter.LOGIN_PACKET) { // 登录包
LoginMsg loginMsg = new LoginMsg();
frame = CrcUtils.decodeCodeIDFrame(ctx, in);
String sCode = CrcUtils.bytesToHexString(frame);
System.out.println("编号：" + sCode);
loginMsg.setCardId(sCode);
gpsMessage.setContent(loginMsg);
} else if (agreement == Delimiter.STATUS_PACKET) {// 心跳包
System.out.println(" 心跳包：");
frame = CrcUtils.decodeCodeIDFrame(ctx, in);
String sContent = CrcUtils.bytesToHexString(frame);
System.out.println("心跳包内容：" + sContent);
gpsMessage.setContent(sContent);
}
out.add(gpsMessage);
System.out.println("解码结束!");
}
}
编码器：NettyMessageEncoder
import com.netty.pojo.GpsMessage;
import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.handler.codec.MessageToByteEncoder;
public class NettyMessageEncoder extends MessageToByteEncoder<GpsMessage> {
@Override
protected void encode(ChannelHandlerContext channelHandlerContext, GpsMessage gpsMessage, ByteBuf byteBuf) throws Exception {
// 2、写入数据包长度
byteBuf.writeInt(gpsMessage.getPacketLen());
// 3、写入请求类型
byteBuf.writeByte(gpsMessage.getAgreement());
// 4、写入预留字段
//byteBuf.writeByte(nettyMessage.getHeader().getReserved());
// 5、写入数据
byteBuf.writeBytes(gpsMessage.getContent().toString().getBytes());
}
}
处理消息的handler：
import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;
import com.netty.channel.CardChannelRel;
import com.netty.constant.Delimiter;
import com.netty.pojo.GpsMessage;
import com.netty.pojo.LoginMsg;
import com.utils.ConvertCode;
import com.utils.CrcUtils;
import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.buffer.ByteBufAllocator;
import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
import io.netty.channel.Channel;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFutureListener;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter;
import io.netty.channel.group.ChannelGroup;
import io.netty.channel.group.DefaultChannelGroup;
import io.netty.util.concurrent.GlobalEventExecutor;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
@Slf4j
public class NettyServerHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {
// 用于记录和管理所有客户端的channel
public static ChannelGroup channelGroup = new DefaultChannelGroup(GlobalEventExecutor.INSTANCE);
@Override
public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
System.out.println("处理消息的handler:" + msg);
Channel currentChannel = ctx.channel();
// 1. 获取客户端发送的消息
GpsMessage gpsMessage = (GpsMessage) msg;
if (gpsMessage != null) {
// 协议
byte agreement = gpsMessage.getAgreement();
String cardId = "";
if (agreement == Delimiter.LOGIN_PACKET) { // 登录包
LoginMsg loginMsg = (LoginMsg) gpsMessage.getContent();
cardId = loginMsg.getCardId();
CardChannelRel.put(cardId, currentChannel);
String sReply = "回复";
System.out.println(" 回复包：" + sReply);
CardChannelRel.output();
// 发送消息
writeToClient(sReply, currentChannel, "登录回复");
} else if (agreement == Delimiter.STATUS_PACKET) {// 心跳包
System.out.print("心跳包：");
String receiveStr = (String) gpsMessage.getContent();
System.out.println("心跳包内容：" + receiveStr);
writeToClient(receiveStr, currentChannel, "心跳包回复");
} else {
// 发送消息
// 从全局用户channel关系中获取接受方的channel
Channel receiverChannel = CardChannelRel.get(cardId);
if (receiverChannel != null) {
// 当receiverChannel不为空的时候，从 ChannelGroup 去查找对应的channel是否存在
Channel findChannel = channelGroup.find(receiverChannel.id());
if (findChannel != null) {
// 用户在线
writeToClient("其他消息", currentChannel, "其他消息回复");
}
}
}
}
}
/**
* 公用回写数据到客户端的方法
*
* @param 需要回写的字符串
* @param receiverChannel
* @param mark
* 用于打印/log的输出 <br>
* //channel.writeAndFlush(msg);//不行 <br>
* //channel.writeAndFlush(receiveStr.getBytes());//不行 <br>
* 在netty里，进出的都是ByteBuf，楼主应确定服务端是否有对应的编码器，将字符串转化为ByteBuf
*/
public void writeToClient(final String receiveStr, Channel receiverChannel, final String mark) {
try {
ByteBuf byteValue = Unpooled.buffer();// netty需要用ByteBuf传输
byteValue.writeBytes(ConvertCode.hexString2Bytes(receiveStr));// 对接需要16进制
receiverChannel.writeAndFlush(byteValue).addListener(new ChannelFutureListener() {
@Override
public void operationComplete(ChannelFuture future) throws Exception {
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder("");
if (!StringUtils.isEmpty(mark)) {
sb.append("【").append(mark).append("】");
}
if (future.isSuccess()) {
System.out.println(sb.toString() + "回写成功" + byteValue);
log.info(sb.toString() + "回写成功" + byteValue);
} else {
System.out.println(sb.toString() + "回写失败" + byteValue);
log.error(sb.toString() + "回写失败" + byteValue);
}
}
});
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
System.out.println("调用通用writeToClient()异常" + e.getMessage());
log.error("调用通用writeToClient()异常：", e);
}
}
/**
* 当客户连接服务端之后（打开链接） 获取客户端的channel，并且放到ChannelGroup中去进行管理
*/
@Override
public void handlerAdded(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
channelGroup.add(ctx.channel());
}
@Override
public void handlerRemoved(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
super.handlerRemoved(ctx);
String channelId = ctx.channel().id().asLongText();
System.out.println("客户端被移除，channelId为：" + channelId);
// 当触发handlerRemoved，ChannelGroup会自动移除对应的客户端channel
channelGroup.remove(ctx.channel());
}
@Override
public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {
cause.printStackTrace();
// 发生异常之后关键channel。随后从ChannelGroup 中移除
ctx.channel().close();
channelGroup.remove(ctx.channel());
}
}
上述类中：Delimiter为自定义的消息类型，大家可根据自己十六进制去定义响应不用的消息类型
CardChannelRel：
import java.util.HashMap;
import io.netty.channel.Channel;
/**
* 用户id和channel的关联关系处理
*/
public class CardChannelRel {
private static HashMap<String, Channel> manager = new HashMap<>();
public static void put(String senderId, Channel channel) {
manager.put(senderId, channel);
}
public static Channel get(String senderId) {
return manager.get(senderId);
}
public static void output() {
for (HashMap.Entry<String, Channel> entry : manager.entrySet()) {
System.out.println("CredId:" + entry.getKey() +
",ChannelId:" + entry.getValue().id().asLongText());
}
}
}
效果：
工具类
import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
public class CrcUtils {
public static String CRC_16(byte[] bytes) {
int i, j, lsb;
int h = 0xffff;
for (i = 0; i < bytes.length; i++) {
h ^= bytes[i];
for (j = 0; j < 8; j++) {
lsb = h & 0x0001; // 取 CRC 的移出位
h >>= 1;
if (lsb == 1) {
h ^= 0x8408;
}
}
}
h ^= 0xffff;
return Integer.toHexString(h).toUpperCase();
}
public static byte[] hexStringToByte(String hex) {
int len = (hex.length() / 2);
byte[] result = new byte[len];
char[] achar = hex.toCharArray();
for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
int pos = i * 2;
result[i] = (byte) (toByte(achar[pos]) << 4 | toByte(achar[pos + 1]));
}
return result;
}
private static byte toByte(char c) {
byte b = (byte) "0123456789ABCDEF".indexOf(c);
return b;
}
public static String bytesToHexString(ByteBuf buffer) {
final int length = buffer.readableBytes();
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(length);
String sTmp;
for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
byte b = buffer.readByte();
sTmp = Integer.toHexString(0xFF & b);
if (sTmp.length() < 2)
sb.append(0);
sb.append(sTmp.toUpperCase());
}
return sb.toString();
}
}
参考文章：
2.https://github.com/bjmashibing/tank/commit/1121deccf76786b634389629454a0ec0af80765f
3.https://blog.csdn.net/linsongbin1/article/details/77915686?utm_source=blogxgwz2
4.https://blog.csdn.net/yqwang75457/article/details/73913572
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