第九周作业
1、总结ip分类以及每个分类可以分配的IP数量
A类地址：1.0.0.0-127.255.255.254
其中127.0.0.0/8作为回环地址不被分配
可分配地址：2^24 =1677216个
B类地址：128.0.0.1-191.255.255.25255
可分配地址：2^16 =65536个
C类地址：192.0.0.1-223.255.255.255
可分配地址：2^8=256
D类地址：224.0.0.1-239.255.255.255，多播地址,D类地址不能分配给主机
E类地址：240.0.0.1-255.255.255.255，保留地址
在IP地址3种主要类型里，各保留了3个区域作为私有地址，其地址范围如下：
A类地址：10.0.0.0～10.255.255.255
B类地址：172.16.0.0～172.31.255.255
C类地址：192.168.0.0～192.168.255.255
2、总结IP配置方法
#方法1-通过ifconfig修改
[09:27:17 root@centos7-7 data]#ifconfig eth0 192.168.1.1 netmask 255.255.255.0
#方法2-修改配置文件
[09:31:38 root@centos7-7 data]#vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
TYPE=Ethernet
PROXY_METHOD=none
BROWSER_ONLY=no
BOOTPROTO=static
DEFROUTE=yes
NAME=eth0
DEVICE=eth0
ONBOOT=yes
IPADDR=192.168.246.20
PREFIX=24
GATEWAY=192.168.246.1
DNS1=8.8.8.8
#方法3-新增子接口
[09:34:49 root@centos7-7 data]#ip addr add 192.168.246.23/24 dev eth0 label eth0:0
#方法4-通过nmcli修改
[09:37:29 root@centos7-7 ~]#nmcli connection modify eth1 ipv4.method manual ipv4.addresses 192.168.246.23/24 ipv4.gateway 192.168.246.1 ipv4.dns 221.228.255.1 connection.autoconnect yes
3、使用nmcli实现bonding
#新增接口
[09:57:29 root@centos7-7 ~]#nmcli connection modify eth1 ipv4.method manual ipv4.addresses 192.168.246.14/24 ipv4.gateway 192.168.246.1 ipv4.dns 221.228.255.1 connection.autoconnect yes
[09:57:57 root@centos7-7 ~]#nmcli connection reload eth1
[09:58:15 root@centos7-7 ~]#nmcli connection up eth1
Connection successfully activated (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/4)
[09:58:22 root@centos7-7 ~]#ip add
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:fe:61:74 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.246.20/24 brd 192.168.246.255 scope global noprefixroute eth0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::64ed:e682:caa0:1037/64 scope link noprefixroute
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:fe:61:7e brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.246.14/24 brd 192.168.246.255 scope global noprefixroute eth1
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::4f1b:a2b1:c82e:9a81/64 scope link noprefixroute
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
4: bond0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,MASTER,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default qlen 1000
link/ether 1e:45:bb:20:9d:2d brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
#添加bonding接口
[09:58:58 root@centos7-7 ~]#nmcli con add type bond con-name bond0 ifname bond0 mode active-backup
[09:59:01 root@centos7-7 ~]#nmcli connection show
NAME UUID TYPE DEVICE
eth0 5fb06bd0-0bb0-7ffb-45f1-d6edd65f3e03 ethernet eth0
eth1 6637f677-31f7-381f-878f-5361aad4117d ethernet eth1
bond0 83f4b190-0803-4849-9a58-172653be4ff9 bond bond0
#添加从属接口
[09:59:20 root@centos7-7 ~]#nmcli con add type bond-slave ifname eth0 master bond0
[09:59:28 root@centos7-7 ~]#nmcli con add type bond-slave ifname eth1 master bond0
#启动绑定，则必须首先启动从属接口
[10:02:17 root@centos7-7 ~]#nmcli connection up bond-slave-eth0
Connection successfully activated (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/6)
[10:02:54 root@centos7-7 ~]#nmcli connection up bond-slave-eth1
Connection successfully activated (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/6)
#启动绑定
[10:03:22 root@centos7-7 ~]#nmcli connection up bond0
Connection successfully activated (master waiting for slaves) (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/7)
[10:03:50 root@centos7-7 ~]#nmcli connection show
NAME UUID TYPE DEVICE
bond0 83f4b190-0803-4849-9a58-172653be4ff9 bond bond0
bond-slave-eth0 84a1470a-16fe-4147-b870-c0f3cda15dda ethernet eth0
bond-slave-eth1 f2090bcb-07ab-45dc-bdcc-77f1de03b2ef ethernet eth1
eth0 5fb06bd0-0bb0-7ffb-45f1-d6edd65f3e03 ethernet --
eth1 6637f677-31f7-381f-878f-5361aad4117d ethernet --
[10:03:58 root@centos7-7 ~]#nmcli connection status
Error: argument 'status' not understood. Try passing --help instead.
[10:04:03 root@centos7-7 ~]#nmcli device status
DEVICE TYPE STATE CONNECTION
bond0 bond connected bond0
eth0 ethernet connected bond-slave-eth0
eth1 ethernet connected bond-slave-eth1
[10:09:09 root@centos7-7 ~]#ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,SLAVE,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master bond0 state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:fe:61:74 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,SLAVE,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master bond0 state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:fe:61:74 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
4: bond0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,MASTER,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:fe:61:74 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.246.131/24 brd 192.168.246.255 scope global noprefixroute dynamic bond0
valid_lft 1736sec preferred_lft 1736sec
inet6 fe80::b931:c76d:2728:8e67/64 scope link noprefixroute
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
#修改binding接口固定地址
[10:09:28 root@centos7-7 ~]#nmcli connectin modify bond0 ipv4.method manual ipv4.addresses 192.168.246.18/24 ipv4.gateway 192.168.246.1 ipv4.dns 221.228.255.1 connection.autoconnect yes
[10:09:45 root@centos7-7 ~]#nmcli connectin reload bond0
[10:09:55 root@centos7-7 ~]#nmcli connectin up bond0
[10:10:01 root@centos7-7 ~]#ip add
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:fe:61:74 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.246.20/24 brd 192.168.246.255 scope global noprefixroute eth0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::64ed:e682:caa0:1037/64 scope link noprefixroute
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:fe:61:7e brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.246.14/24 brd 192.168.246.255 scope global noprefixroute eth1
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::4f1b:a2b1:c82e:9a81/64 scope link noprefixroute
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
5: bond0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,MASTER,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default qlen 1000
link/ether 76:03:79:6a:67:9b brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.246.18/24 brd 192.168.246.255 scope global noprefixroute bond0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
#测试1
[10:11:10 root@centos8-01 ~]#ssh 192.168.246.18
The authenticity of host '192.168.246.18 (192.168.246.18)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:fd7kTPRA2VFAOjkNPBRQngEwakW+N3E/PJCz1k7YLj8.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no/[fingerprint])? yes
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.246.18' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
root@192.168.246.18's password:
Last login: Mon Jan 25 10:15:20 2021 from 192.168.246.2
#测试2-物理断开eth0
[10:14:25 root@centos7-7 ~]#nmcli connection show
NAME UUID TYPE DEVICE
bond0 83f4b190-0803-4849-9a58-172653be4ff9 bond bond0
eth1 6637f677-31f7-381f-878f-5361aad4117d ethernet eth1
bond-slave-eth0 84a1470a-16fe-4147-b870-c0f3cda15dda ethernet --
bond-slave-eth1 f2090bcb-07ab-45dc-bdcc-77f1de03b2ef ethernet --
eth0 5fb06bd0-0bb0-7ffb-45f1-d6edd65f3e03 ethernet --
[10:15:16 root@centos8-01 ~]#ping 192.168.246.18
PING 192.168.246.18 (192.168.246.18) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.246.18: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.282 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.246.18: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=1.82 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.246.18: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=2.00 ms
[10:15:46 root@centos8-01 ~]#ssh 192.168.246.18
root@192.168.246.18's password:
Last login: Mon Jan 25 10:18:26 2021 from 192.168.246.10
[10:16:50 root@centos7-7 ~]#hostname -I
192.168.246.14 192.168.246.18
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