用matplotlib进行数据分析（可视化）
1.折线图常用的一些技巧：
（1）调整图片大小：
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt x = [i for i in range(0, 61)] y = [random.randint(2,16) for i in range(0, 61)] plt.figure(figsize=(6,4), dpi=100) plt.plot(x,y) plt.show()
figsize可以调整图像大小，dpi的值越大图像越清晰
（2）调整坐标轴显示的坐标数据密集度和坐标倾斜：
如图X坐标太过密集，可以通过plt.xticks()调整，rotation可以使坐标值倾斜
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt x = [i for i in range(0, 61,1)] y = [random.randint(2,16) for i in range(0, 61)] plt.xticks(x[::5], rotation = 45) plt.plot(x,y) plt.show()
（3）显示汉字，matplotlib默认不显示汉字，font_manager可以显示汉字：
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import font_manager
import random
t = [random.randint(20,35) for i in range(120)]
per_minute = [i for i in range(0, 120)]
x_xticks = ["10点{}分".format(i) for i in range(60)]
x_xticks += ["11点{}分".format(i) for i in range(60)]
my_font = font_manager.FontProperties(fname = "C:/Windows/Fonts/simsun.ttc")
plt.figure(figsize =(20, 8), dpi = 100)
plt.plot(per_minute, t)
x_ticks = plt.xticks(per_minute[::5], x_xticks[::5], rotation = 45, fontproperties=my_font)
（4）显示网格：plt.grid()
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt x = [i for i in range(0, 61,1)] y = [random.randint(2,16) for i in range(0, 61)] plt.xticks(x[::5], rotation = 45) plt.grid(alpha = 0.5) plt.plot(x,y) plt.show()
（5）显示多个折线：
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt import random from matplotlib import font_manager x = [i for i in range(31)] y1 = [random.randint(2,10) for i in range(31)] y2 = [random.randint(2,8) for i in range(31)] # 显示汉字 my_font = font_manager.FontProperties(fname="C:/Windows/Fonts/simsun.ttc") # 调整图片大小和清晰度 plt.figure(figsize=(15,6), dpi = 60) # 显示网格 plt.grid(alpha = 0.5) plt.plot(x,y1, label = "y1的图例", color = "orange",linestyle = "--") plt.plot(x,y2, label = "y2的图例", color = "cyan",linestyle = "-.") # 添加图例,必须在plot的后面 plt.legend(prop = my_font, loc = "upper left") plt.show()
2.绘制散点图：
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import font_manager
y3 = [10, 15, 14, 16, 16, 17, 13, 18, 20, 18, 20, 21, 22, 22, 20, 22, 24, 25, 26, 23, 22, 26, 26, 27, 28, 25, 26, 24, 22, 26, 28]
y10 = [35, 34, 33, 35, 32, 30, 32, 30, 28, 27, 24, 26, 23, 25, 28, 24, 23, 22, 22, 20, 22, 24, 20, 18, 19, 16, 16, 18, 15, 15, 12]
x3 = [i for i in range(1,32)]
x10 = [i for i in range(35, 66)]
# 调整图像的大小和清晰度
plt.figure(figsize=(15, 6), dpi = 80)
# 显示中文
my_font = font_manager.FontProperties(fname = "C:/Windows/Fonts/simsun.ttc")
# 调整坐标轴标签
x_ticks = ["3月{}日".format(i) for i in range(1,32)]
x_ticks += ["10月{}日".format(i) for i in range(1,32)]
x = x3 + x10
plt.xticks(x[::3], x_ticks[::3], rotation = 45, FontProperties = my_font)
# 绘制散点图
plt.scatter(x1, y3, label = "3月份", color = "cyan")
plt.scatter(x10, y10, label = "10月份", color = "green")
# 显示图例
plt.legend(prop = my_font, loc = "upper left")
# 添加坐标轴的描述
plt.xlabel("时间", fontproperties = my_font)
plt.ylabel("温度", fontproperties = my_font)
# 展示绘制的图
plt.show()
4.绘制条形图
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt from matplotlib import font_manager a = ["战狼2","速度与激情8","功夫瑜伽","西游伏妖篇","变形金刚5：最后的骑士","摔跤吧！爸爸","加勒比海盗5：死无对证","金刚：骷髅岛","极限特工：终极回归","生化危机6：终章","乘风破浪","神偷奶爸3","智取威虎山","大闹天竺","金刚狼3：殊死一战","蜘蛛侠：英雄归来","悟空传","银河护卫队2","情圣","新木乃伊"] b=[56.01,26.94,17.53,16.49,15.45,12.96,11.8,11.61,11.28,11.12,10.49,10.3,8.75,7.55,7.32,6.99,6.88,6.86,6.58,6.23] # 显示汉字 my_font = font_manager.FontProperties(fname = "C:/Windows/Fonts/simsun.ttc") # 调整图片大小 plt.figure(figsize=(20,8), dpi = 80) # 画柱状图 plt.bar(range(len(a)), b, width = 0.3) # X轴标签 plt.xticks(range(len(a)), a, fontproperties = my_font, rotation = 90) plt.show()
由于汉字竖着不好看，所以，在汉字太长时，可以选择横向的条形图barh()，代码如下：
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import font_manager
a = ["战狼2","速度与激情8","功夫瑜伽","西游伏妖篇","变形金刚5：最后的骑士","摔跤吧！爸爸","加勒比海盗5：死无对证","金刚：骷髅岛","极限特工：终极回归","生化危机6：终章","乘风破浪","神偷奶爸3","智取威虎山","大闹天竺","金刚狼3：殊死一战","蜘蛛侠：英雄归来","悟空传","银河护卫队2","情圣","新木乃伊"]
b=[56.01,26.94,17.53,16.49,15.45,12.96,11.8,11.61,11.28,11.12,10.49,10.3,8.75,7.55,7.32,6.99,6.88,6.86,6.58,6.23]
# 显示汉字
my_font = font_manager.FontProperties(fname = "C:/Windows/Fonts/simsun.ttc")
# 调整图片大小
plt.figure(figsize=(20,8), dpi = 80)
# 画柱状图
plt.barh(range(len(a)), b, height=0.5, color = "cyan")
# 画网格
plt.grid(alpha = 0.3)
# 坐标轴描述
plt.xlabel("票房（亿）", fontproperties = my_font)
plt.ylabel("电影", fontproperties = my_font)
# X轴标签
plt.yticks(range(len(a)), a, fontproperties = my_font)
plt.show()
5.绘制直方图
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt from matplotlib import font_manager a=[131, 98, 125, 131, 124, 139, 131, 117, 128, 108, 135, 138, 131, 102, 107, 114, 119, 128, 121, 142, 127, 130, 124, 101, 110, 116, 117, 110, 128, 128, 115, 99, 136, 126, 134, 95, 138, 117, 111,78, 132, 124, 113, 150, 110, 117, 86, 95, 144, 105, 126, 130,126, 130, 126, 116, 123, 106, 112, 138, 123, 86, 101, 99, 136,123, 117, 119, 105, 137, 123, 128, 125, 104, 109, 134, 125, 127,105, 120, 107, 129, 116, 108, 132, 103, 136, 118, 102, 120, 114,105, 115, 132, 145, 119, 121, 112, 139, 125, 138, 109, 132, 134,156, 106, 117, 127, 144, 139, 139, 119, 140, 83, 110, 102,123,107, 143, 115, 136, 118, 139, 123, 112, 118, 125, 109, 119, 133,112, 114, 122, 109, 106, 123, 116, 131, 127, 115, 118, 112, 135,115, 146, 137, 116, 103, 144, 83, 123, 111, 110, 111, 100, 154,136, 100, 118, 119, 133, 134, 106, 129, 126, 110, 111, 109, 141,120, 117, 106, 149, 122, 122, 110, 118, 127, 121, 114, 125, 126,114, 140, 103, 130, 141, 117, 106, 114, 121, 114, 133, 137, 92,121, 112, 146, 97, 137, 105, 98, 117, 112, 81, 97, 139, 113,134, 106, 144, 110, 137, 137, 111, 104, 117, 100, 111, 101, 110,105, 129, 137, 112, 120, 113, 133, 112, 83, 94, 146, 133, 101,131, 116, 111, 84, 137, 115, 122, 106, 144, 109, 123, 116, 111,111, 133, 150] bin_width = 3 num_bins = int((max(a)-min(a))/bin_width) plt.figure(figsize=(20,8), dpi = 80) plt.hist(a, num_bins, color = "cyan") plt.xticks(range(min(a),max(a)+ bin_width, bin_width)) plt.grid() plt.show()
更多图形可以观看echarts 或者ploty
