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Java中数据类型可以分为两类

1、基本数据类型(byte,short,char,int,float,double,long,boolean)

2、复合数据类型(类,String等)

Δ在基本数据类型中他们之间的比较,是==比较他们的值,当使用==来判断两个变量是否相等的时候,如果是基本数据类型,值相等,那么就返回true,如下代码:

Δ在复合数据类型中当他们用(==)进行比较的时候,比较的是他们在内存中的存放地址所以除非是同一个new出来的对象,他们的比较后的结果为true,否则比较后结果为false

JAVA当中所有的类都是继承于Object这个基类的,在Object中的基类中定义了一个equals的方法,这个方法的初始行为是比较对象的内存地址(this==obj),但在一些类库当中这个方法被覆盖掉了,如String,Integer,Date在这些类当中equals有其自身的实现,而不再是比较类在堆内存中的存放地址了。

对于复合数据类型之间进行equals比较,在没有覆写equals方法的情况下,他们之间的比较还是基于他们在内存中的存放位置的地址值的,因为Object的equals方法也是用双等号(==)进行比较的,所以比较后的结果跟双等号(==)的结果相同。如下代码:

class Person{
	private String name;
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
	public Person(String name) {
		super();
		this.name = name;
	}
	public Person() {
		super();
	}
}

 

@Test
public void test02(){
	Person p1=new Person("张三");
	Person p2=new Person("张三");
	System.out.println(p1==p2);
	System.out.println(p1.equals(p2));
}

返回结果:false,false

那么我们再看一段代码

@Test
public void test03(){
	String s1=new String("abc");
	String s2=new String("abc");
	System.out.println(s1==s2);
	System.out.println(s1.equals(s2));
}

 返回结果:false,true

因为String将equals重写了,看重写之后的JDK代码

 public boolean equals(Object anObject) {
        if (this == anObject) {
            return true;
        }
        if (anObject instanceof String) {
            String anotherString = (String)anObject;
            int n = value.length;
            if (n == anotherString.value.length) {
                char v1[] = value;
                char v2[] = anotherString.value;
                int i = 0;
                while (n-- != 0) {
                    if (v1[i] != v2[i])
                        return false;
                    i++;
                }
                return true;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }

 因为String底层实际存储是char数组,所以,JDK是while一个个索引的比较值,只要值相等,那么即返回true

那么我们再看这段代码:

@Test
public void test03(){
	String s1="abc";
	String s2="abc";
	System.out.println(s1==s2);
	System.out.println(s1.equals(s2));
}

返回true,true,因为s1,s2都引用同一个String对象abc,内存指向相等故返回true,这里需要解释的是字符串缓存池的概念,在s2="abc"时,程序会先到String缓存池中寻找有相同值的对象,找到之后直接引用!

那么再看一段代码

@Test
public void test03(){
	String s1="abc";
	String s2=new String("abc");
	System.out.println(s1==s2);
	System.out.println(s1.equals(s2));
}

返回,false,true

因为s2创建一个新的abc对象在内存中,值相同但是位置不同!

再看一段代码

@Test
public void test03(){
	String s1="abc";
	String s2=new String("abc");
	s2=s2.intern();
	System.out.println(s1==s2);
	System.out.println(s1.equals(s2));
}

返回true,true,看一下intern背后做的哪些工作?,看源码说明:

/**
     * Returns a canonical representation for the string object.
     * <p>
     * A pool of strings, initially empty, is maintained privately by the
     * class {@code String}.
     * <p>
     * When the intern method is invoked, if the pool already contains a
     * string equal to this {@code String} object as determined by
     * the {@link #equals(Object)} method, then the string from the pool is
     * returned. Otherwise, this {@code String} object is added to the
     * pool and a reference to this {@code String} object is returned.
     * <p>
     * It follows that for any two strings {@code s} and {@code t},
     * {@code s.intern() == t.intern()} is {@code true}
     * if and only if {@code s.equals(t)} is {@code true}.
     * <p>
     * All literal strings and string-valued constant expressions are
     * interned. String literals are defined in section 3.10.5 of the
     * <cite>The Java™ Language Specification</cite>.
     *
     * @return  a string that has the same contents as this string, but is
     *          guaranteed to be from a pool of unique strings.
     */
    public native String intern();

 

* When the intern method is invoked, if the pool already contains a
* string equal to this {@code String} object as determined by
* the {@link #equals(Object)} method, then the string from the pool is
* returned. Otherwise, this {@code String} object is added to the
* pool and a reference to this {@code String} object is returned.

这句话意思:如果池中包含一个字符串等于对象所引用的对象方法,那么直接从池中返回

所以上面代码最后返回true,true!

 

posted on 2017-08-22 18:03  古越剑箫  阅读(250)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报