实验 3
1.
hpp
#include <iostream>
using std::cout;
using std::endl;
class Point {
public:
Point(int x0 = 0, int y0 = 0);
~Point() = default;
int get_x() const;
int get_y() const;
void show() const;
void move(int new_x, int new_y);
private:
int x, y;
};
Point::Point(int x0, int y0): x{x0}, y{y0} {
}
int Point::get_x() const {
return x;
}
int Point::get_y() const {
return y;
}
void Point::show() const {
cout << "(" << x << ", " << y << ")" << endl;
}
void Point::move(int new_x, int new_y) {
x = new_x;
y = new_y;
}
.cpp
#include <iostream>
#include "point.hpp"
#include <vector>
using std::vector;
using std::cin;
// 输出vector<Point>对象内所有点的坐标
void output(const vector<Point> &v) {
for (auto &t : v)
t.show();
}
void test() {
int n;
cin >> n;
vector<Point> x(n);
cout << "x对象中所有点坐标信息: " << endl;
output(x);
vector<Point> y(x); // 基于vector<Point>对象x构建对象y
cout << "\nx对象中所有点坐标信息: " << endl;
output(y);
cout << "\n更新x对象: " << endl;
x.at(0).move(30, 50); // 更新对象x内索引为0的点对象坐标
x.push_back(Point(2, 2)); // 向x对象末尾添加一个点对象
cout << "\nx对象中所有点坐标信息: " << endl;
output(x);
cout << "\ny对象中所有点坐标信息: " << endl;
output(y);
}
int main() {
test();
}
不发生变化。
为深复制
2.
point.hpp
#pragma once
#include <iostream>
using std::cout;
using std::endl;
class Point {
public:
Point(int x0 = 0, int y0 = 0);
~Point() = default;
int get_x() const;
int get_y() const;
void show() const;
void move(int new_x, int new_y);
private:
int x, y;
};
Point::Point(int x0, int y0): x{x0}, y{y0} {
}
int Point::get_x() const {
return x;
}
int Point::get_y() const {
return y;
}
void Point::show() const {
cout << "(" << x << ", " << y << ")" << endl;
}
void Point::move(int new_x, int new_y) {
x = new_x;
y = new_y;
}
vectorPoint.hpp
#pragma once
#include "point.hpp"
#include <cassert>
#include <iostream>
class vectorPoint {
public:
vectorPoint(int n);
~vectorPoint();
int get_size() const; // 获得当前动态数组内元素个数
Point &at(int index); // 返回下标为index的元素引用
Point &at(int index) const; // 返回下标为index的元素const引用
private:
int size; // 动态数组的大小
Point *ptr;
};
vectorPoint::vectorPoint(int n) : size{n} {
ptr = new Point[n];
}
vectorPoint::~vectorPoint() {
delete[] ptr;
}
int vectorPoint::get_size() const {
return size;
}
Point &vectorPoint::at(int index) {
assert(index >= 0 && index < size); // 宏，在测试模式下工作。如果不满足条件，则程序终止
return ptr[index];
}
Point &vectorPoint::at(int index) const {
assert(index >= 0 && index < size);
return ptr[index];
}
cpp
#include "vectorPoint.hpp"
#include <iostream>
// 输出vectorPoint对象内的所有数据
void output(const vectorPoint &v) {
for (auto i = 0; i < v.get_size(); ++i)
v.at(i).show();
}
// 测试vectorPoint类：构造对象、复制构造对象
void test() {
using namespace std;
int n;
cout << "输入vectorPoint对象中元素个数: ";
cin >> n;
vectorPoint x(n);
cout << "x对象中所有点坐标信息: " << endl;
output(x);
vectorPoint y(x);
cout << "\ny对象中所有点坐标信息: " << endl;
output(y);
cout << "\n更新x对象中点坐标信息......" << endl;
x.at(0).move(30, 50);
x.at(1).move(-1, -1);
cout << "x对象中所有点坐标信息: " << endl;
output(x);
cout << "\ny对象中所有点坐标信息: " << endl;
output(y);
}
int main() {
test();
}
3
hpp
#pragma once
#include <iostream>
using std::cout;
using std::endl;
class Point {
public:
Point(int x0 = 0, int y0 = 0);
~Point() = default;
int get_x() const;
int get_y() const;
void show() const;
void move(int new_x, int new_y);
private:
int x, y;
};
Point::Point(int x0, int y0): x{x0}, y{y0} {
}
int Point::get_x() const {
return x;
}
int Point::get_y() const {
return y;
}
void Point::show() const {
cout << "(" << x << ", " << y << ")" << endl;
}
void Point::move(int new_x, int new_y) {
x = new_x;
y = new_y;
}
hpp
#pragma once
#include "point.hpp"
#include <cassert>
#include <iostream>
class vectorPoint{
public:
vectorPoint(int n);
vectorPoint(const vectorPoint &vp);
~vectorPoint();
int get_size() const; // 获得当前动态数组内元素个数
Point& at(int index); // 返回下标为index的元素引用
Point& at(int index) const; // 返回下标为index的元素const引用
private:
int size; // 动态数组的大小
Point *ptr;
};
vectorPoint::vectorPoint(int n) : size{n} {
ptr = new Point[n];
}
vectorPoint::vectorPoint(const vectorPoint &vp): size{vp.size}, ptr{new Point[size]} {
for(auto i = 0; i < size; ++i)
ptr[i] = vp.ptr[i];
}
vectorPoint::~vectorPoint() {
delete[] ptr;
}
int vectorPoint::get_size() const {
return size;
}
Point& vectorPoint::at(int index) {
assert(index >= 0 && index < size); // 宏，在测试模式下工作。如果不满足条件，则程序终止
return ptr[index];
}
Point& vectorPoint::at(int index) const {
assert(index >= 0 && index < size);
return ptr[index];
}
cpp
#include "vectorPoint.hpp"
#include <iostream>
// 输出vectorPoint对象内的所有数据
void output(const vectorPoint &v) {
for (auto i = 0; i < v.get_size(); ++i)
v.at(i).show();
}
// 测试vectorPoint类：构造对象、复制构造对象
void test() {
using namespace std;
int n;
cout << "输入vectorPoint对象中元素个数: ";
cin >> n;
vectorPoint x(n);
cout << "x对象中所有点坐标信息: " << endl;
output(x);
vectorPoint y(x);
cout << "\ny对象中所有点坐标信息: " << endl;
output(y);
cout << "\n更新x对象中点坐标信息......" << endl;
x.at(0).move(30, 50);
x.at(1).move(-1, -1);
cout << "x对象中所有点坐标信息: " << endl;
output(x);
cout << "\ny对象中所有点坐标信息: " << endl;
output(y);
}
int main() {
test();
}
task 4.1
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
// 函数声明
void swap1(int &rx, int &ry); // 引用作为形参
void swap2(int *px, int *py); // 指针作为形参
void print(int x, int y); // 普通变量作为形参
// 测试代码
void test() {
int x = 3, y = 4;
print(x, y);
swap1(x, y); // 函数调用，注意：引用作为形参时，实参形式
print(x, y);
cout << endl;
x = 3, y = 4;
print(x, y);
swap2(&x, &y); // 函数调用，注意：指针作为形参时，实参形式
print(x, y);
}
int main() {
test();
}
// 函数定义：交换两个变量（引用变量作为形参）
void swap1(int &rx, int &ry) {
int t;
t = rx;
rx = ry;
ry = t;
}
// 函数定义：交换两个变量（指针变量作为形参）
void swap2(int *px, int *py) {
int t;
t = *px;
*px = *py;
*py = t;
}
// 函数定义：输出两个变量（普通变量作为形参）
void print(int x, int y) {
std::cout << "x = " << x << ", y = " << y << "\n";
}
task 4.2 #include <iostream> #include <typeinfo> using namespace std; int main() { int a; int &ra = a; ra = 4; int *pa = &a; *pa = 5; // 以十六进制形式输出普通变量a, 引用变量ra，指针变量pa的地址 cout << "&a = " << hex << &a << endl; cout << "&ra = " << hex << &ra << endl; cout << "&pa = " << hex << &pa << "\n\n"; // 输出普通变量a, 引用变量ra，指针变量pa的值 cout << "a = " << a << endl; cout << "ra = " << a << endl; cout << "pa = " << hex << pa << endl; // 输出指针变量pa指向的变量的值 cout << "*pa = " << *pa << "\n\n"; // 输出普通变量a，引用变量ra, 指针变量pa的类型信息 cout << "type a: " << typeid(a).name() << endl; cout << "type ra: " << typeid(ra).name() << endl; cout << "type pa: " << typeid(pa).name() << endl; }
task 4.3
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
template<typename T>
void output(const T &x) {
for (auto i : x)
std::cout << i << ", ";
std::cout << "\b\b \n";
}
template<typename T>
void square1(T &x) {
for (auto i : x) // i是普通类型
i *= i;
}
template<typename T>
void square2(T &x) {
for (auto &i : x) // i是引用类型
i *= i;
}
void test1() {
vector<int> x {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
cout << "动态int型数组对象x内的元素值: ";
output(x);
cout << "调用函数square1()......" << endl;
square1(x);
cout << "动态int型数组对象x内的元素值: ";
output(x);
}
void test2() {
vector<int> x {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
cout << "动态int型数组对象x内的元素值: ";
output(x);
cout << "调用函数square2()......" << endl;
square2(x);
cout << "动态int型数组对象x内的元素值: ";
output(x);
}
int main() {
cout << "测试1: " << endl;
test1();
cout << "\n测试2: " << endl;
test2();
}
task 6 hppt #pragma once #include <iostream> #include <cassert> using std::cout; using std::endl; // 类Matrix的声明 class Matrix { public: Matrix(int n, int m); // 构造函数，构造一个n*m的矩阵 Matrix(int n); // 构造函数，构造一个n*n的矩阵 Matrix(const Matrix &x); // 复制构造函数， 使用已有的矩阵X构造 ~Matrix(); void set(const double *pvalue); // 用pvalue指向的连续内存块数据按行为矩阵赋值 void set(int i, int j, double value); // 设置矩阵对象索引(i,j)的元素值为value double &at(int i, int j) const; // 返回矩阵对象索引(i,j)的元素引用 double &at(int i, int j); // 返回矩阵对象索引(i,j)的元素引用 int get_lines() const; // 返回矩阵对象行数 int get_cols() const; // 返回矩阵对象列数 void print() const; // 按行打印输出矩阵对象元素值 private: int lines; // 矩阵对象内元素行数 int cols; // 矩阵对象内元素列数 double *ptr; }; // 类Matrix的实现 Matrix::Matrix(int n, int m) : lines{n}, cols{m} { ptr = new double[n * m]; } Matrix::Matrix(int n) : lines{n}, cols{n} { ptr = new double[n * n]; } Matrix::Matrix(const Matrix &x) : lines{x.lines}, cols{x.cols} { ptr = new double[x.lines * x.cols]; for (int i = 0; i < lines * cols; i++) ptr[i] = x.ptr[i]; } Matrix::~Matrix() { delete[] ptr; } void Matrix::set(const double *pvalue) { for (int i = 0, j = 0; i < lines * cols; i++, j++) ptr[i] = pvalue[j]; } void Matrix::set(int i, int j, double value) { ptr[i * lines + j] = value; } double &Matrix::at(int i, int j) const { return ptr[i * lines + j]; } double &Matrix::at(int i, int j) { return ptr[i * lines + j]; } int Matrix::get_lines() const { return lines; } int Matrix::get_cols() const { return cols; } void Matrix::print() const { int s = 0; for (int i = 0; i < lines; i++) { cout << ptr[s]; s++; for (int j = 1; j < cols; j++, s++) cout << ", " << ptr[s]; cout << '\n'; } }
cpp #include <iostream> #include "matrix.hpp" using namespace std; const int N1 = 3; const int N2 = 2; // 输出一个矩阵对象中索引为index对应的行的所有元素值 void output(const Matrix &m, int index) { for (auto j = 0; j < m.get_cols(); ++j) cout << m.at(index, j) << ", "; cout << "\b\b \n"; } void test() { double x[N1 * N2] = {3, 1, 4, 1, 5, 9}; Matrix m1(N1, N2); // 创建一个N1×N2矩阵 m1.set(x); // 用一维数组x的值按行为矩阵m1赋值 cout << "矩阵对象m1: " << endl; m1.print(); // 打印矩阵m1的值 cout << "矩阵对象m1第0行是: " << endl; output(m1, 0); cout << endl; Matrix m2(N2, N1); m2.set(x); cout << "矩阵对象m2: " << endl; m2.print(); cout << "矩阵对象m2第0行是: " << endl; output(m2, 0); cout << endl; Matrix m3(m2); // 用矩阵m2构造新的矩阵m3 m3.set(0, 0, 999); // 讲矩阵对象m2索引(0,0)元素设为999 cout << "矩阵对象m3:" << endl; m3.print(); cout << endl; Matrix m4(2); // 创建一个2*2矩阵对象 m4.set(x); // 用一维数组x的值按行为矩阵m4赋值 cout << "矩阵对象m4:" << endl; m4.print(); } int main() { test(); }
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