团灭滑动窗口问题

滑动窗口题目:

1. 无重复字符的最长子串

2. 串联所有单词的子串

3. 最小覆盖子串

4. 至多包含两个不同字符的最长子串

5. 长度最小的子数组

6. 滑动窗口最大值

7. 字符串的排列

8. 最小区间

9. 最小窗口子序列

什么是滑动窗口？

其实就是一个队列，比如题中的 abcabcbb，进入这个队列（窗口）为 abc 满足题目要求，当再进入 a，队列变成了 abca，这时候不满足要求。所以，我们要移动这个队列！

如何移动？

我们只要把队列的左边的元素移出就行了，直到满足题目要求！

一直维持这样的队列，找出队列出现最长的长度时候，求出解！

时间复杂度：O(n)

无重复字符的最长子串

class Solution:
    def lengthOfLongestSubstring(self, s: str) -> int:
        if not s:return 0
        left = 0
        lookup = set()
        n = len(s)
        max_len = 0
        cur_len = 0
        for i in range(n):
            cur_len += 1
            while s[i] in lookup:
                lookup.remove(s[left])
                left += 1
                cur_len -= 1
            if cur_len > max_len:max_len = cur_len
            lookup.add(s[i])
        return max_len

无重复字符的最长子串

class Solution:
    def lengthOfLongestSubstring(self, s):
        """
        :type s: str
        :rtype: int
        """
        from collections import defaultdict
        lookup = defaultdict(int)
        start = 0
        end = 0
        max_len = 0
        counter = 0
        while end < len(s):
            if lookup[s[end]] > 0:
                counter += 1
            lookup[s[end]] += 1
            end += 1
            while counter > 0:
                if lookup[s[start]] > 1:
                    counter -= 1
                lookup[s[start]] -= 1
                start += 1
            max_len = max(max_len, end - start)
        return max_len

最小覆盖子串

class Solution:
    def minWindow(self, s: 'str', t: 'str') -> 'str':
        from collections import defaultdict
        lookup = defaultdict(int)
        for c in t:
            lookup[c] += 1
        start = 0
        end = 0
        min_len = float("inf")
        counter = len(t)
        res = ""
        while end < len(s):
            if lookup[s[end]] > 0:
                counter -= 1
            lookup[s[end]] -= 1
            end += 1
            while counter == 0:
                if min_len > end - start:
                    min_len = end - start
                    res = s[start:end]
                if lookup[s[start]] == 0:
                    counter += 1
                lookup[s[start]] += 1
                start += 1
        return res

至多包含两个不同字符的最长子串

class Solution:
    def lengthOfLongestSubstringTwoDistinct(self, s: str) -> int:
        from collections import defaultdict
        lookup = defaultdict(int)
        start = 0
        end = 0
        max_len = 0
        counter = 0
        while end < len(s):
            if lookup[s[end]] == 0:
                counter += 1
            lookup[s[end]] += 1
            end +=1
            while counter > 2:
                if lookup[s[start]] == 1:
                    counter -= 1
                lookup[s[start]] -= 1
                start += 1
            max_len = max(max_len, end - start)
        return max_len

至多包含 K 个不同字符的最长子串

class Solution:
    def lengthOfLongestSubstringKDistinct(self, s: str, k: int) -> int:
        from collections import defaultdict
        lookup = defaultdict(int)
        start = 0
        end = 0
        max_len = 0
        counter = 0
        while end < len(s):
            if lookup[s[end]] == 0:
                counter += 1
            lookup[s[end]] += 1
            end += 1
            while counter > k:
                if lookup[s[start]] == 1:
                    counter -= 1
                lookup[s[start]] -= 1
                start += 1
            max_len = max(max_len, end - start)
        return max_len