1 # http://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-multithreading.html
2 # https://docs.python.org/3/library/threading.html
3 # http://yoyzhou.github.io/blog/2013/02/28/python-threads-synchronization-locks/
4 # http://www.jb51.net/article/119414.htm
5 # http://blog.csdn.net/tomato__/article/details/46606045
6 # https://www.cnblogs.com/Ajen-lq/p/5325827.html
7
8
9 import threading # module
10 import socket
11 import random
12 import time
13 import queue
14 import requests
15
16
17 # ['get_ident', 1、返回线程号，一个数字
18 # 'active_count', 2、存活的线程数
19 # 'Condition', 3、条件锁
20 # 'current_thread', 4、返回当前线程的对象
21 # 'enumerate', 5、存活线程的列表
22 # 'main_thread', 6、返回主线程对象，python解释器启动的线程
23 # 'TIMEOUT_MAX',
24 # 'Event', 8、事件锁
25 # 'Lock', 9、互斥锁
26 # 'RLock', 10、重入锁，递归锁
27 # 'Semaphore', 11、信号量锁
28 # 'BoundedSemaphore', 12、有限信号量类
29 # 'Thread', 13、线程
30 # 'Barrier', 14、栅栏
31 # 'BrokenBarrierError',
32 # 'Timer', 16、定时任务
33 # 'ThreadError',
34 # 'setprofile',
35 # 'settrace',
36 # 'local', 20、
37 # 'stack_size']
38 # Python线程同步机制: Locks, RLocks, Semaphores, Conditions, Events和Queues
39
40
41 # 1、get_ident
42 def foo():
43 print('threading identify no: %s' % threading.get_ident())
44
45
46 t1 = threading.Thread(target=foo)
47 t2 = threading.Thread(target=foo)
48 t3 = threading.Thread(target=foo)
49 t1.start()
50 t2.start()
51 t3.start()
52 t1.join()
53 t2.join()
54 t3.join()
55
56
57 # 2、active_count
58 def foo():
59 time.sleep(1)
60
61
62 t1 = threading.Thread(target=foo)
63 t2 = threading.Thread(target=foo)
64 t3 = threading.Thread(target=foo)
65 t1.start()
66 print(threading.active_count()) # 2
67 t2.start()
68 print(threading.active_count()) # 3
69 t3.start()
70 print(threading.active_count()) # 4
71 t1.join()
72 t2.join()
73 t3.join()
74
75
76 # 3、Condition 一个线程等待特定条件，而另一个线程发出特定条件满足的信号
77 # class Condition(builtins.object) Class that implements a condition variable.
78 # A condition variable allows one or more threads to wait until they are notified by another thread.
79 # notify(self, n=1) Wake up one or more threads waiting on this condition, if any.
80 # notify_all(self) Wake up all threads waiting on this condition.
81 # wait(self, timeout=None) Wait until notified or until a timeout occurs.
82 # wait_for(self, predicate, timeout=None) Wait until a condition evaluates to True.
83 # wait()方法释放锁，然后阻塞直到另一个线程调用notify()或者notify_all()唤醒它。唤醒后，wait()重新获取锁并返回。它也可以指定一个超时时间。
84 # notify()方法唤醒等待线程中的一个；notify_all()方法唤醒所有等待线程。
85 # 注意：notify()和notify_all()方法不释放锁；这意味着唤醒的线程或者线程组将不会从wait()调用中立即返回。
86 # 一个条件变量允许一个或多个线程等待，直到他们被另一个线程通知。
87 # wait()一旦唤醒或者超时，它重新请求锁并返回。
88
89
90 class Producer(threading.Thread):
91
92 def __init__(self, integers, condition):
93 threading.Thread.__init__(self)
94 self.integers = integers
95 self.condition = condition
96
97 def run(self):
98 while True:
99 integer = random.randint(0, 256)
100 with self.condition: # 获取条件锁
101 print('condition acquired by %s' % self.name)
102 self.integers.append(integer)
103 print('%d appended to list by %s' % (integer, self.name))
104 print('condition notified by %s' % self.name)
105 self.condition.notify() # 唤醒消费者线程
106 print('condition released by %s' % self.name)
107 time.sleep(1) # 暂停1秒钟
108
109
110 class Consumer(threading.Thread):
111 def __init__(self, integers, condition):
112 threading.Thread.__init__(self)
113 self.integers = integers
114 self.condition = condition
115
116 def run(self):
117 while True:
118 with self.condition: # 获取条件锁
119 print('condition acquired by %s' % self.name)
120 while True:
121 if self.integers: # 判断是否有整数
122 integer = self.integers.pop()
123 print('%d popped from list by %s' % (integer, self.name))
124 break
125 print('condition wait by %s' % self.name)
126 self.condition.wait() # 等待商品，并且释放资源让生产者执行
127 print('condition released by %s' % self.name)
128
129
130 def main():
131 integers = []
132 condition = threading.Condition()
133 t1 = Producer(integers, condition)
134 t2 = Consumer(integers, condition)
135 t1.start()
136 t2.start()
137 t1.join()
138 t2.join()
139
140
141 main()
142
143
144 # 4、current_thread
145 def foo():
146 print(threading.current_thread())
147
148
149 t1 = threading.Thread(target=foo)
150 t1.start()
151 t1.join()
152
153
154 # 5、enumerate
155 def foo():
156 time.sleep(1)
157
158
159 t1 = threading.Thread(target=foo)
160 t2 = threading.Thread(target=foo)
161 t3 = threading.Thread(target=foo)
162 t1.start()
163 t2.start()
164 t3.start()
165 print(threading.enumerate())
166 t1.join()
167 t2.join()
168 t3.join()
169
170
171 # 6、main_thread
172 def foo():
173 time.sleep(1)
174
175
176 t1 = threading.Thread(target=foo)
177 t1.start()
178 print(threading.main_thread())
179 t1.join()
180
181
182 # 8、Event 事件锁 一个线程发送/传递事件，另外的线程（多线程）等待事件的触发。
183 # class Event(builtins.object) Class implementing event objects.
184 # Events manage a flag that can be set to true with the set() method and reset to false with the clear() method.
185 # The wait() method blocks until the flag is true. The flag is initially false.
186 # set(self) Set the internal flag to true. All threads waiting for it to become true are awakened.
187 # Threads that call wait() once the flag is true will not block at all.
188 # clear(self) Reset the internal flag to false.
189 # is_set(self) Return true if and only if the internal flag is true.
190 # wait(self, timeout=None) Block until the internal flag is true.
191 # isSet = is_set(self)
192
193
194 class Producer(threading.Thread):
195 def __init__(self, integers, event):
196 threading.Thread.__init__(self)
197 self.integers = integers
198 self.event = event
199
200 def run(self):
201 while True:
202 integer = random.randint(0, 256)
203 self.integers.append(integer)
204 print('%d appended to list by %s' % (integer, self.name))
205 print('event set by %s' % self.name)
206 self.event.set() # 设置事件
207 self.event.clear() # 发送事件
208 print('event cleared by %s' % self.name)
209 time.sleep(1)
210
211
212 class Consumer(threading.Thread):
213 def __init__(self, integers, event):
214 threading.Thread.__init__(self)
215 self.integers = integers
216 self.event = event
217
218 def run(self):
219 while True:
220 self.event.wait() # 等待事件被触发
221 # self.event.wait(timeout=2) # 等待事件被触发，超时之后，不再阻塞，继续执行
222 try:
223 integer = self.integers.pop()
224 print('%d popped from list by %s' % (integer, self.name))
225 except IndexError:
226 # catch pop on empty list
227 time.sleep(1)
228
229
230 def main():
231 integers = []
232 event = threading.Event()
233 t1 = Producer(integers, event)
234 t2 = Consumer(integers, event)
235 t1.start()
236 t2.start()
237 t1.join()
238 t2.join()
239
240
241 main()
242
243
244 # 9、Lock互斥锁
245 # class lock(builtins.object) A lock object is a synchronization primitive. To create a lock, call threading.Lock().
246 # acquire() -- lock the lock, possibly blocking until it can be obtained
247 # release() -- unlock of the lock
248 # locked() -- test whether the lock is currently locked
249 # acquire(...) acquire_lock(...) acquire(blocking=True, timeout=-1)
250 # locked(...) locked_lock(...) locked() -> bool
251 # release(...) release_lock(...) release()
252
253
254 class FetchUrls(threading.Thread):
255 def __init__(self, urls, output, lock):
256 threading.Thread.__init__(self)
257 self.urls = urls
258 self.output = output
259 self.lock = lock
260
261 def run(self):
262 while self.urls:
263 url = self.urls.pop()
264 req = requests.get(url)
265 with self.lock:
266 self.output.write(req.content)
267 print('write done by %s' % self.name)
268 print('URL %s fetched by %s' % (url, self.name))
269
270
271 def main():
272 lock = threading.Lock()
273 urls1 = ['http://www.baidu.com', 'http://www.sina.com']
274 urls2 = ['http://www.sohu.com', 'http://www.youku.com']
275 f = open('output.txt', 'wb+')
276 t1 = FetchUrls(urls1, f, lock)
277 t2 = FetchUrls(urls2, f, lock)
278 t1.start()
279 t2.start()
280 t1.join()
281 t2.join()
282 f.close()
283
284
285 main()
286
287
288 # 10、RLock可重入锁
289 # RLock是可重入锁（reentrant lock），acquire()能够不被阻塞的被同一个线程调用多次。要注意的是release()需要调用与acquire()相同的次数才能释放锁。
290
291
292 # 11、Semaphore信号量锁
293 # 信号量同步基于内部计数器，每调用一次acquire()，计数器减1；每调用一次release()，计数器加1.当计数器为0时，acquire()调用被阻塞。
294 # class Semaphore(builtins.object) This class implements semaphore objects.
295 # Semaphores manage a counter representing the number of release() calls minus the number of acquire() calls, plus an initial value.
296 # The acquire() method blocks if necessary until it can return without making the counter negative.
297 # If not given, value defaults to 1.
298 # acquire(self, blocking=True, timeout=None) Acquire a semaphore, decrementing the internal counter by one. 超时或者不阻塞返回false
299 # release(self) Release a semaphore, incrementing the internal counter by one.
300
301
302 class MyThread(threading.Thread):
303 def __init__(self, semaphore, list_):
304 threading.Thread.__init__(self)
305 self.semaphore = semaphore
306 self.list_ = list_
307
308 def run(self):
309 with self.semaphore:
310 self.list_.append(2)
311
312
313 def main():
314 list_ = [1, 2, 3]
315 semaphore = threading.Semaphore(2) # 允许同时2个线程访问共享资源，默认是1
316 t1 = MyThread(semaphore, list_)
317 t2 = MyThread(semaphore, list_)
318 t3 = MyThread(semaphore, list_)
319 t1.start()
320 t2.start()
321 t3.start()
322 t1.join()
323 t2.join()
324 t3.join()
325 print(list_)
326
327
328 main()
329
330
331 # 12、BoundedSemaphore有限信号量类
332 # “有限”(bounded)信号量类，可以确保release()方法的调用次数不能超过给定的初始信号量数值(value参数)
333 # 重写release方法
334 # If the number of releases exceeds the number of acquires, raise a ValueError.
335
336
337 # 13、Thread
338 # class Thread(builtins.object) A class that represents a thread of control.
339 # This class can be safely subclassed in a limited fashion. There are two ways to specify the activity:
340 # by passing a callable object to the constructor, or by overriding the run() method in a subclass.
341 # __init__(self, group=None, target=None, name=None, args=(), kwargs=None, *, daemon=None)
342 # group 为将来线程组扩展留的
343 # daemon 默认非守护线程
344 # getName(self) 方法
345 # isDaemon(self) 方法
346 # is_alive(self) 是否存活，run开始之后到run结束之前是True
347 # join(self, timeout=None) Wait until the thread terminates.
348 # run(self) Method representing the thread's activity.
349 # setDaemon(self, daemonic)
350 # setName(self, name)
351 # start(self)
352 # daemon 属性
353 # ident 属性
354 # name 属性
355
356 # 无join，无daemon
357 def foo():
358 time.sleep(3)
359
360
361 t1 = threading.Thread(target=foo)
362 t1.start()
363 print('main thread go on') # 最后再等待线程，释放线程的资源，这里阻塞
364
365
366 # 有join
367 def foo():
368 time.sleep(3)
369
370
371 t1 = threading.Thread(target=foo)
372 t1.start()
373 t1.join() # 等待线程结束，抓线程再继承执行，这里阻塞
374 print('main thread not go on')
375
376
377 # 有daemon
378 def foo():
379 while True:
380 print('abc')
381
382
383 t1 = threading.Thread(target=foo)
384 t1.setDaemon(True)
385 t1.start()
386 print('main thread go on') # 主线程结束，要求子线程同时也结束，这里不阻塞了
387
388
389 # 14、Barrier
390 # class Barrier(builtins.object) Implements a Barrier. Useful for synchronizing a fixed number
391 # of threads at known synchronization points.
392 # Threads block on 'wait()' and are simultaneously once they have all made that call.
393 # __init__(self, parties, action=None, timeout=None)
394 # abort(self) Place the barrier into a 'broken' state. 方法，终止栅栏，wait会抛出异常
395 # reset(self) Reset the barrier to the initial state. 方法，恢复栅栏
396 # wait(self, timeout=None) Wait for the barrier. 方法，等待数量达到parties，一起通过栅栏
397 # broken Return True if the barrier is in a broken state. 属性，检查栅栏的状态，True是坏
398 # n_waiting Return the number of threads currently waiting at the barrier. 属性，正在wait的数量
399 # parties Return the number of threads required to trip the barrier. 属性，parties的数量
400
401
402 def server(b):
403 s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
404 s.bind(("192.168.99.156", 5003))
405 s.listen(5)
406
407 while True:
408 # print(b.broken) # False
409 # b.abort()
410 # print(b.broken) # True
411 # b.reset()
412
413 b.wait()
414 print(threading.get_ident())
415 new_socket, client_addr = s.accept()
416 new_socket.sendall(bytes("Hello world", encoding="utf-8"))
417 new_socket.close()
418 time.sleep(3)
419
420
421 def client(b):
422 while True:
423 b.wait() # 超时 raise BrokenBarrierError
424 print(threading.get_ident())
425 s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
426 s.connect(("192.168.99.156", 5003))
427 ret = str(s.recv(1024), encoding="utf-8")
428 print(ret)
429 time.sleep(0.1)
430
431
432 def callback():
433 print('Barrier')
434
435
436 def main():
437 b = threading.Barrier(2, action=callback, timeout=5) # 超时 raise BrokenBarrierError, 通过一次栅栏调用一次action
438 t1 = threading.Thread(target=server, args=(b, ))
439 t2 = threading.Thread(target=client, args=(b, ))
440 t1.start()
441 t2.start()
442 t1.join()
443 t2.join()
444
445
446 main()
447
448
449 # 16、Timer定时任务
450 # class Timer(Thread) Call a function after a specified number of seconds。
451 # __init__(self, interval, function, args=None, kwargs=None) 继承Thread
452 # 新增方法：cancel(self)
453 # 重写方法：run(self)
454 # 其他方法同Thread
455
456
457 def func():
458 print('abc')
459
460
461 def main():
462 t = threading.Timer(2, func)
463 t.start()
464
465
466 main()
467
468
469 # 20、local
470 localVal = threading.local()
471 localVal.val = "Main-Thread" # 每个线程单独创建内存空间来存储
472 a = 10
473
474
475 def print_student():
476 global a
477 print('%s (in %s)' % (localVal.val, threading.current_thread().name))
478 a += 100 # 操作的是主线程的变量
479
480
481 def print_thread(name):
482 localVal.val = name # 每个线程单独创建内存空间来存储
483 print_student()
484
485
486 def main():
487 t1 = threading.Thread(target=print_thread, args=('One',), name='Thread-A')
488 t2 = threading.Thread(target=print_thread, args=('Two',), name='Thread-B')
489 t1.start()
490 t2.start()
491 t1.join()
492 t2.join()
493 print(localVal.val)
494 print(a)
495
496
497 main()
498
499
500 # 21、使用队列同步线程间共享资源
501 # 队列 Queue
502 class Producer(threading.Thread):
503 def __init__(self, q):
504 threading.Thread.__init__(self)
505 self.queue_ = q
506
507 def run(self):
508 while True:
509 integer = random.randint(0, 256)
510 self.queue_.put(integer) # 将生成的整数添加到队列
511 print('%d put to queue by %s' % (integer, self.name))
512 time.sleep(1)
513
514
515 class Consumer(threading.Thread):
516 def __init__(self, q):
517 threading.Thread.__init__(self)
518 self.queue_ = q
519
520 def run(self):
521 while True:
522 integer = self.queue_.get()
523 print('%d popped from list by %s' % (integer, self.name))
524 self.queue_.task_done()
525
526
527 def main():
528 q = queue.Queue(20)
529 t1 = Producer(q)
530 t2 = Consumer(q)
531 t1.start()
532 t2.start()
533 t1.join()
534 t2.join()
535
536
537 main()
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