IEEE 注册方向领域目录 Keywords -2309

##A General Literature
##.....A.0 General
##..........A.0.a Biographies/Autobiographies
##..........A.0.b Conference Proceedings
##..........A.0.c General Literary Works
##.....A.1 Introductory and Survey
##.....A.2 Reference
##.....A.m Miscellaneous
##B Hardware
##.....B.0 General
##.....B.1 Control Structures and Microprogramming
##..........B.1.0 General
##..........B.1.1 Control Design Styles
##...............B.1.1.a Hardwired control
##...............B.1.1.b Microprogrammed logic arrays
##...............B.1.1.c Writable control store
##..........B.1.2 Control Structure Performance Analysis and Design Aids
##...............B.1.2.a Automatic synthesis
##...............B.1.2.b Formal models
##...............B.1.2.c Simulation
##..........B.1.3 Control Structure Reliability, Testing, and Fault-Tolerance
##...............B.1.3.a Diagnostics
##...............B.1.3.b Error-checking
##...............B.1.3.c Redundant design
##...............B.1.3.d Test generation
##..........B.1.4 Microprogram Design Aids
##...............B.1.4.a Firmware engineering
##...............B.1.4.b Languages and compilers
##...............B.1.4.c Machine-independent microcode generation
##...............B.1.4.d Optimization
##...............B.1.4.e Verification
##..........B.1.5 Microcode Applications
##...............B.1.5.a Direct data manipulation
##...............B.1.5.b Firmware support of operating systems/instruction sets
##...............B.1.5.c Instruction set interpretation
##...............B.1.5.d Peripheral control
##...............B.1.5.e Special-purpose
##..........B.1.m Miscellaneous
##...............B.1.m.a Emerging technologies
##.....B.2 Arithmetic and Logic Structures
##..........B.2.0 General
##..........B.2.1 Design Styles
##...............B.2.1.a Calculator
##...............B.2.1.b Parallel
##...............B.2.1.c Pipeline
##...............B.2.1.d Multiple valued logic
##..........B.2.2 Performance Analysis and Design Aids
##...............B.2.2.a Simulation
##...............B.2.2.b Verification
##...............B.2.2.c Worst-case analysis
##..........B.2.3 Reliability, Testing, and Fault-Tolerance
##...............B.2.3.a Diagnostics
##...............B.2.3.b Error-checking
##...............B.2.3.c Redundant design
##...............B.2.3.d Test generation
##..........B.2.4 High-Speed Arithmetic
##...............B.2.4.a Algorithms
##...............B.2.4.b Cost/performance
##..........B.2.m Miscellaneous
##.....B.3 Memory Structures
##..........B.3.0 General
##..........B.3.1 Semiconductor Memories
##...............B.3.1.a DRAM
##...............B.3.1.b ROM
##...............B.3.1.c SRAM
##..........B.3.2 Design Styles
##...............B.3.2.a Associative memories
##...............B.3.2.b Cache memories
##...............B.3.2.c Interleaved memories
##...............B.3.2.d Mass storage
##...............B.3.2.e Primary memory
##...............B.3.2.f Sequential-access memory
##...............B.3.2.g Shared memory
##...............B.3.2.h Virtual memory
##..........B.3.3 Performance Analysis and Design Aids
##...............B.3.3.a Formal models
##...............B.3.3.b Simulation
##...............B.3.3.c Worst-case analysis
##..........B.3.4 Reliability, Testing, and Fault-Tolerance
##...............B.3.4.a Diagnostics
##...............B.3.4.b Error-checking
##...............B.3.4.c Redundant design
##...............B.3.4.d Test generation
##..........B.3.m Miscellaneous
##.....B.4 I/O and Data Communications
##..........B.4.0 General
##..........B.4.1 Data Communications Devices
##...............B.4.1.a Processors
##...............B.4.1.b Receivers
##...............B.4.1.c Transmitters
##..........B.4.2 Input/Output Devices
##...............B.4.2.a Channels and controllers
##...............B.4.2.b Data terminals and printers
##...............B.4.2.c Image display
##...............B.4.2.d Voice
##..........B.4.3 Interconnections (Subsystems)
##...............B.4.3.a Asynchronous/synchronous operation
##...............B.4.3.b Fiber optics
##...............B.4.3.c Interfaces
##...............B.4.3.d Parallel I/O
##...............B.4.3.e Physical structures
##...............B.4.3.f Topology
##...............B.4.3.g Web technologies
##...............B.4.3.h Wireless systems
##..........B.4.4 Performance Analysis and Design Aids
##...............B.4.4.a Formal models
##...............B.4.4.b Simulation
##...............B.4.4.c Verification
##...............B.4.4.d Worst-case analysis
##..........B.4.5 Reliability, Testing, and Fault-Tolerance
##...............B.4.5.a Built-in tests
##...............B.4.5.b Diagnostics
##...............B.4.5.c Error-checking
##...............B.4.5.d Hardware reliability
##...............B.4.5.e Redundant design
##...............B.4.5.f Test generation
##..........B.4.m Miscellaneous
##.....B.5 Register-Transfer-Level Implementation
##..........B.5.0 General
##..........B.5.1 Design
##...............B.5.1.a Arithmetic and logic units
##...............B.5.1.b Control design
##...............B.5.1.c Data-path design
##...............B.5.1.d Memory design
##...............B.5.1.e Styles
##..........B.5.2 Design Aids
##...............B.5.2.a Automatic synthesis
##...............B.5.2.b Hardware description languages
##...............B.5.2.c Optimization
##...............B.5.2.d Simulation
##...............B.5.2.e Verification
##..........B.5.3 Reliability and Testing
##...............B.5.3.a Built-in tests
##...............B.5.3.b Error-checking
##...............B.5.3.c Redundant design
##...............B.5.3.d Test generation
##...............B.5.3.e Testability
##..........B.5.m Miscellaneous
##.....B.6 Logic Design
##..........B.6.0 General
##..........B.6.1 Design Styles
##...............B.6.1.a Cellular arrays and automata
##...............B.6.1.b Combinational logic
##...............B.6.1.c Logic arrays
##...............B.6.1.d Memory control and access
##...............B.6.1.e Memory used as logic
##...............B.6.1.f Parallel circuits
##...............B.6.1.g Sequential circuits
##..........B.6.2 Reliability and Testing
##...............B.6.2.a Built-in tests
##...............B.6.2.b Error-checking
##...............B.6.2.c Redundant design
##...............B.6.2.d Test generation
##...............B.6.2.e Testability
##..........B.6.3 Design Aids
##...............B.6.3.a Automatic synthesis
##...............B.6.3.b Hardware description languages
##...............B.6.3.c Optimization
##...............B.6.3.d Simulation
##...............B.6.3.e Switching theory
##...............B.6.3.f Verification
##..........B.6.m Miscellaneous
##.....B.7 Integrated Circuits
##..........B.7.0 General
##..........B.7.1 Types and Design Styles
##...............B.7.1.a Advanced technologies
##...............B.7.1.b Algorithms implemented in hardware
##...............B.7.1.c Gate arrays
##...............B.7.1.d Input/output circuits
##...............B.7.1.e Memory technologies
##...............B.7.1.f Microprocessors and microcomputers
##...............B.7.1.g Network connectivity chips
##...............B.7.1.h Standard cells
##...............B.7.1.i VLSI
##..........B.7.2 Design Aids
##...............B.7.2.a Graphics
##...............B.7.2.b Layout
##...............B.7.2.c Placement and routing
##...............B.7.2.d Simulation
##...............B.7.2.e Verification
##..........B.7.3 Reliability and Testing
##...............B.7.3.a Built-in tests
##...............B.7.3.b Error-checking
##...............B.7.3.c Fault injection
##...............B.7.3.d Redundant design
##...............B.7.3.e Test generation
##...............B.7.3.f Testability
##..........B.7.m Miscellaneous
##.....B.8 Performance and Reliability
##..........B.8.0 General
##..........B.8.1 Reliability, Testing, and Fault-Tolerance
##..........B.8.2 Performance Analysis and Design Aids
##..........B.8.m Miscellaneous
##.....B.9 Power Management
##..........B.9.1 Low-power design
##..........B.9.2 Energy-aware systems
##..........B.9.3   Temperature-aware design
##..........B.9.4   Design for power delivery limits
##..........B.9.5   Design for voltage stability
##.....B.m Miscellaneous
##..........B.m.a Design management
##C Computer Systems Organization
##.....C.0 General
##..........C.0.a Emerging technologies
##..........C.0.b Hardware/software interfaces
##..........C.0.c Instruction set design
##..........C.0.d Modeling of computer architecture
##..........C.0.e System architectures, integration and modeling
##..........C.0.f Systems specification methodology
##.....C.1 Processor Architectures
##..........C.1.0 General
##..........C.1.1 Single Data Stream Architectures
##...............C.1.1.a MISD processors
##...............C.1.1.b Pipeline processors
##...............C.1.1.c RISC/CISC, VLIW architectures
##...............C.1.1.d SISD processors
##...............C.1.1.e Von Neumann architectures
##..........C.1.2 Multiple Data Stream Architectures (Multiprocessors)
##...............C.1.2.a Array and vector processors
##...............C.1.2.b Associative processors
##...............C.1.2.c Connection machines
##...............C.1.2.d Interconnection architectures
##...............C.1.2.e Load balancing and task assignment
##...............C.1.2.f MIMD processors
##...............C.1.2.g Parallel processors
##...............C.1.2.h Pipeline processors
##...............C.1.2.i TC scheduling and synchronization
##...............C.1.2.j SIMD processors
##..........C.1.3 Other Architecture Styles
##...............C.1.3.a Adaptable architectures
##...............C.1.3.b Analog computers
##...............C.1.3.c Capability architectures
##...............C.1.3.d Cellular architecture
##...............C.1.3.e Dataflow architectures
##...............C.1.3.f Heterogeneous (hybrid) systems
##...............C.1.3.g High-level language architectures
##...............C.1.3.h Multithreaded processors
##...............C.1.3.i Neural nets
##...............C.1.3.j Neurocomputers
##...............C.1.3.k Pipeline processors
##...............C.1.3.l Stack-oriented processors
##..........C.1.4 Parallel Architectures
##...............C.1.4.a Distributed architectures
##...............C.1.4.b Mobile processors
##...............C.1.4.c Real-time distributed
##...............C.1.4.d Scheduling and task partitioning
##...............C.1.4.e Multi-core/single-chip multiprocessors
##...............C.1.4.f Speculative multi-threading
##...............C.1.4.g On-chip interconnection networks
##..........C.1.5   Micro-architecture implementation considerations
##...............C.1.5.a Instruction fetch
##...............C.1.5.b Pipeline implementation
##...............C.1.5.c Superscalar, dynamically-scheduled, and statically-scheduled implementation
##...............C.1.5.d  Support for multi-threaded execution
##...............C.1.5.e Memory hierarchy
##...............C.1.5.f  Decoupled organizations
##...............C.1.5.g Physically aware micro-architecture: power, thermal, impact of technology trends, etc.
##...............C.1.5.h Support for reliability
##...............C.1.5.i Support for dynamic compilation
##...............C.1.5.j  Support for security
##..........C.1.m Miscellaneous
##...............C.1.m.a Analog computers
##...............C.1.m.b Hybrid systems
##.....C.2 Communication/Networking and Information Technology
##..........C.2.0 General
##...............C.2.0.a Architecture
##...............C.2.0.b Data communications
##...............C.2.0.c Emerging technologies
##...............C.2.0.d Infrastructure protection
##...............C.2.0.e Interprocessor communications
##...............C.2.0.f Network-level security and protection
##...............C.2.0.g OSI reference model
##...............C.2.0.h Standards
##..........C.2.1 Network Architecture and Design
##...............C.2.1.a ATM
##...............C.2.1.b Centralized networks
##...............C.2.1.c Circuit-switching networks
##...............C.2.1.d Distributed networks
##...............C.2.1.e Frame relay networks
##...............C.2.1.f ISDN
##...............C.2.1.g Network communications
##...............C.2.1.h Network topology
##...............C.2.1.i Packet-switching networks
##...............C.2.1.j Store and forward networks
##...............C.2.1.k Wireless communication
##..........C.2.2 Network Protocols
##...............C.2.2.a Applications
##...............C.2.2.b Protocol architecture
##...............C.2.2.c Protocol verification
##...............C.2.2.d Routing protocols
##..........C.2.3 Network Operations
##...............C.2.3.a Network management
##...............C.2.3.b Network monitoring
##...............C.2.3.c Public networks
##..........C.2.4 Distributed Systems
##...............C.2.4.a Client/server
##...............C.2.4.b Distributed applications
##...............C.2.4.c Distributed databases
##...............C.2.4.d Network operating systems
##..........C.2.5 Local-Area Networks
##...............C.2.5.a Access schemes
##...............C.2.5.b Buses
##...............C.2.5.c Ethernet
##...............C.2.5.d High-speed
##...............C.2.5.e Internet
##...............C.2.5.f Token rings
##..........C.2.6 Internetworking
##...............C.2.6.a Bridges
##...............C.2.6.b Gateways
##...............C.2.6.c Multicast
##...............C.2.6.d Protocols
##...............C.2.6.e Routers
##...............C.2.6.f Standards
##..........C.2.7 Wide-area networks
##...............C.2.7.a CATV
##...............C.2.7.b Optical fiber
##...............C.2.7.c Sensor networks
##...............C.2.7.d Telephony
##...............C.2.7.e Wireless
##..........C.2.8 Mobile Computing
##...............C.2.8.a Algorithm/protocol design and analysis
##...............C.2.8.b Architectures
##...............C.2.8.c Mobile communication systems
##...............C.2.8.d Mobile environments
##...............C.2.8.e Support services
##..........C.2.m Miscellaneous
##.....C.3 Special-Purpose and Application-Based Systems
##..........C.3.a Application studies resulting in better multiple-processor systems
##..........C.3.b Microprocessor/microcomputer applications
##..........C.3.c Process control systems
##..........C.3.d Real-time and embedded systems
##..........C.3.e Reconfigurable hardware
##..........C.3.f Signal processing systems
##..........C.3.g Smartcards
##..........C.3.h Ubiquitous computing
##.....C.4 Performance of Systems
##..........C.4.a Design studies
##..........C.4.b Fault tolerance
##..........C.4.c Measurement techniques
##..........C.4.d Modeling techniques
##..........C.4.e Performance attributes
##..........C.4.f Reliability, availability, and serviceability
##..........C.4.g Measurement, evaluation, modeling, simulation of multiple-processor systems
##.....C.5 Computer System Implementation
##..........C.5.0 General
##..........C.5.1 Large and Medium (“Mainframe”) Computers
##...............C.5.1.a Super (very large) computers
##..........C.5.2 Minicomputers
##..........C.5.3 Microcomputers
##...............C.5.3.a Microprocessors
##...............C.5.3.b Personal computers
##...............C.5.3.c Portable devices
##...............C.5.3.d Workstations
##..........C.5.4 VLSI Systems
##...............C.5.4.a Impact of VLSI on system design
##..........C.5.5 Servers
##...............C.5.5.a Web server
##...............C.5.5.b Web browser
##..........C.5.6 Multiprocessor Systems
##..........C.5.7 Wearable Computers
##..........C.5.m Miscellaneous
##D Software/Software Engineering
##.....D.0 General
##.....D.1 Programming Techniques
##..........D.1.0 General
##..........D.1.1 Applicative (Functional) Programming
##..........D.1.2 Automatic Programming
##..........D.1.3 Concurrent Programming
##..........D.1.4 Sequential Programming
##..........D.1.5 Object-Oriented Programming
##..........D.1.6 Logic Programming
##..........D.1.7 Visual Programming
##..........D.1.8  Distributed programming
##..........D.1.m Miscellaneous
##.....D.2 Software Engineering
##..........D.2.0 General
##...............D.2.0.a Protection mechanisms
##...............D.2.0.b Software psychology
##...............D.2.0.c Software engineering for Internet projects
##...............D.2.0.d Standards
##...............D.2.0.e Surveys of historical development of one particular area
##..........D.2.10 Design
##...............D.2.10.a Design concepts
##...............D.2.10.b Design notations and documentation
##...............D.2.10.c Representation
##...............D.2.10.d State diagrams
##...............D.2.10.e Evolutionary prototyping
##...............D.2.10.f Methodologies
##...............D.2.10.g Object-oriented design methods
##...............D.2.10.h Quality analysis and evaluation
##...............D.2.10.i Rapid prototyping
##...............D.2.10.j Representation
##..........D.2.11 Software Architectures
##...............D.2.11.a Data abstraction
##...............D.2.11.b Domain-specific architectures
##...............D.2.11.c Information hiding
##...............D.2.11.d Languages
##...............D.2.11.e Patterns
##..........D.2.12 Interoperability
##...............D.2.12.a Data mapping
##...............D.2.12.b Distributed objects
##...............D.2.12.c Interface definition languages
##..........D.2.13 Reusable Software
##...............D.2.13.a Domain engineering
##...............D.2.13.b Reusable libraries
##...............D.2.13.c Reuse models
##..........D.2.14 Human Factors in Software Design
##...............D.2.14.a User interfaces
##..........D.2.15 Software and System Safety
##..........D.2.16 Configuration Management
##...............D.2.16.a Configuration auditing
##...............D.2.16.b Configuration control
##...............D.2.16.c Configuration identification
##...............D.2.16.d Configuration management process
##...............D.2.16.e Configuration status accounting
##...............D.2.16.f Software release management and delivery
##..........D.2.17 Software Construction
##...............D.2.17.a Construction planning
##...............D.2.17.b Code design
##...............D.2.17.c Code tuning
##...............D.2.17.d Data design and management
##...............D.2.17.e Error processing
##...............D.2.17.f Source code organization
##...............D.2.17.g Code documentation
##...............D.2.17.h Construction QA
##...............D.2.17.i Programming paradigms
##...............D.2.17.j System integration and implementation
##..........D.2.18 Software Engineering Process
##...............D.2.18.a Life cycle
##...............D.2.18.b Process infrastructure
##...............D.2.18.c Process measurement
##...............D.2.18.d Process definition
##...............D.2.18.e Software process models
##...............D.2.18.f Qualitative process analysis
##...............D.2.18.g Process implementation and change
##..........D.2.19 Software Quality/SQA
##...............D.2.19.a Quality concepts
##...............D.2.19.b Planning for SQA and V&V
##...............D.2.19.c Methods for SQA and V&V
##...............D.2.19.d Measurement applied to SQA and V&V
##..........D.2.1 Requirements/Specifications
##...............D.2.1.a Analysis
##...............D.2.1.b Elicitation methods
##...............D.2.1.c Languages
##...............D.2.1.d Management
##...............D.2.1.e Methodologies
##...............D.2.1.f Process
##...............D.2.1.g Specification
##...............D.2.1.h Tools
##...............D.2.1.i Validation
##..........D.2.2 Design Tools and Techniques
##...............D.2.2.a CASE
##...............D.2.2.b Decision tables
##...............D.2.2.c Distributed/Internet based software engineering tools and techniques
##...............D.2.2.d Modules and interfaces
##...............D.2.2.e Programmer workbench
##..........D.2.3 Coding Tools and Techniques
##...............D.2.3.a Object-oriented programming
##...............D.2.3.b Pretty printers
##...............D.2.3.c Program editors
##...............D.2.3.d Reentrant code
##...............D.2.3.e Standards
##...............D.2.3.f Structured programming
##...............D.2.3.g Top-down programming
##..........D.2.4 Software/Program Verification
##...............D.2.4.a Assertion checkers, assertion languages, performance
##...............D.2.4.b Class invariants
##...............D.2.4.c Correctness proofs
##...............D.2.4.d Formal methods
##...............D.2.4.e Model checking
##...............D.2.4.f Programming by contract
##...............D.2.4.g Reliability
##...............D.2.4.h Statistical methods
##...............D.2.4.i Validation
##..........D.2.5 Testing and Debugging
##...............D.2.5.a Code inspections and walkthroughs
##...............D.2.5.b Debugging aids
##...............D.2.5.c Diagnostics
##...............D.2.5.d Distributed debugging
##...............D.2.5.e Dumps
##...............D.2.5.f Error handling and recovery
##...............D.2.5.g Monitors
##...............D.2.5.h Reliability
##...............D.2.5.i Symbolic execution
##...............D.2.5.j Test levels
##...............D.2.5.k Testing strategies
##...............D.2.5.l Test design
##...............D.2.5.m Test coverage of code
##...............D.2.5.n Test coverage of specifications
##...............D.2.5.o Test execution
##...............D.2.5.p Test documentation
##...............D.2.5.q Test management
##...............D.2.5.r Testing tools
##...............D.2.5.s Tracing
##...............D.2.5.t Usability testing
##..........D.2.6 Programming Environments/Construction Tools
##...............D.2.6.a Environments for multiple-processor systems
##...............D.2.6.b Graphical environments
##...............D.2.6.c Integrated environments
##...............D.2.6.d Interactive environments
##...............D.2.6.e Programmer workbench
##..........D.2.7 Distribution, Maintenance, and Enhancement
##...............D.2.7.a Conversion from sequential to parallel forms
##...............D.2.7.b Corrections
##...............D.2.7.c Documentation
##...............D.2.7.d Enhancement
##...............D.2.7.e Evolving Internet applications
##...............D.2.7.f Extensibility
##...............D.2.7.g Maintainability
##...............D.2.7.h Maintenance management
##...............D.2.7.i Maintenance measurement
##...............D.2.7.j Maintenance planning
##...............D.2.7.k Maintenance process
##...............D.2.7.l Portability
##...............D.2.7.m Restructuring, reverse engineering, and reengineering
##...............D.2.7.n Version control
##..........D.2.8 Metrics/Measurement
##...............D.2.8.a Complexity measures
##...............D.2.8.b Performance measures
##...............D.2.8.c Process metrics
##...............D.2.8.d Product metrics
##...............D.2.8.e Software science
##..........D.2.9 Management
##...............D.2.9.a Copyrights
##...............D.2.9.b Cost estimation
##...............D.2.9.c Enactment
##...............D.2.9.d Initiation and scope definition
##...............D.2.9.e Organizational management and coordination
##...............D.2.9.f Planning
##...............D.2.9.g Postclosure activities
##...............D.2.9.h Productivity
##...............D.2.9.i Programming teams
##...............D.2.9.j Project close out
##...............D.2.9.k Project control & modeling
##...............D.2.9.l Review and evaluation
##...............D.2.9.m Risk management
##...............D.2.9.n Schedule and organizational issues
##...............D.2.9.o Software acquisition
##...............D.2.9.p Time estimation
##..........D.2.m Miscellaneous
##...............D.2m.a Software libraries
##...............D.2m.b System issues
##.....D.3 Programming Languages
##..........D.3.0 General
##...............D.3.0.a Standards
##..........D.3.1 Formal Definitions and Theory
##...............D.3.1.a Semantics
##...............D.3.1.b Syntax
##..........D.3.2 Language Classifications
##...............D.3.2.a Applicative (functional) languages
##...............D.3.2.b Componentware
##...............D.3.2.c Compression technologies
##...............D.3.2.d Concurrent, distributed, and parallel languages
##...............D.3.2.e Constraint and logic languages
##...............D.3.2.f Dataflow languages
##...............D.3.2.g Design languages
##...............D.3.2.h Development tools
##...............D.3.2.i Extensible languages
##...............D.3.2.j Java
##...............D.3.2.k Macro and assembly languages
##...............D.3.2.l Microprogramming languages
##...............D.3.2.m Multiparadigm languages
##...............D.3.2.n Nondeterministic languages
##...............D.3.2.o Nonprocedural languages
##...............D.3.2.p Object-oriented languages
##...............D.3.2.q Query languages
##...............D.3.2.r Scripting languages
##...............D.3.2.s Specialized application languages
##...............D.3.2.t Very high-level languages
##..........D.3.3 Language Constructs and Features
##...............D.3.3.a Abstract data types
##...............D.3.3.b Classes and objects
##...............D.3.3.c Concurrent programming structures
##...............D.3.3.d Constraints
##...............D.3.3.e Control structures
##...............D.3.3.f Coroutines
##...............D.3.3.g Data types and structures
##...............D.3.3.h Distributed objects, components, containers
##...............D.3.3.i Dynamic storage management
##...............D.3.3.j Frameworks
##...............D.3.3.k Inheritance
##...............D.3.3.l Input/output
##...............D.3.3.m Modules, packages
##...............D.3.3.n Patterns
##...............D.3.3.o Polymorphism
##...............D.3.3.p Procedures, functions, and subroutines
##...............D.3.3.q Recursion
##..........D.3.4 Processors
##...............D.3.4.a Code generation
##...............D.3.4.b Compilers
##...............D.3.4.c Debuggers
##...............D.3.4.d Incremental compilers
##...............D.3.4.e Interpreters
##...............D.3.4.f Memory management
##...............D.3.4.g Optimization
##...............D.3.4.h Parsing
##...............D.3.4.i Preprocessors
##...............D.3.4.j Retargetable compilers
##...............D.3.4.k Runtime environments
##...............D.3.4.l Translator writing systems and compiler generators
##..........D.3.m Miscellaneous
##.....D.4 Operating Systems
##..........D.4.0 General
##..........D.4.1.0 Support for Adaptation
##...............D.4.1.0.a Application-aware adaptation
##...............D.4.1.0.b Application-transparent adaptation
##...............D.4.1.0.c Fidelity, agility, and stability
##...............D.4.1.0.d Low-bandwidth operation
##...............D.4.1.0.e Transcoding
##..........D.4.1 Process Management
##...............D.4.1.a Concurrency
##...............D.4.1.b Deadlocks
##...............D.4.1.c Multiprocessing/multiprogramming/multitasking
##...............D.4.1.d Mutual exclusion
##...............D.4.1.e Scheduling
##...............D.4.1.f Synchronization
##...............D.4.1.g Threads
##..........D.4.2 Storage Management
##...............D.4.2.a Allocation/deallocation strategies
##...............D.4.2.b Distributed memories
##...............D.4.2.c Garbage collection
##...............D.4.2.d Main memory
##...............D.4.2.e Secondary storage
##...............D.4.2.f Segmentation
##...............D.4.2.g Storage hierarchies
##...............D.4.2.h Swapping
##...............D.4.2.i Virtual memory
##..........D.4.3 File Systems Management
##...............D.4.3.a Access methods
##...............D.4.3.b Directory structures
##...............D.4.3.c Distributed file systems
##...............D.4.3.d File organization
##...............D.4.3.e Maintenance
##..........D.4.4 Communications Management
##...............D.4.4.a Buffering
##...............D.4.4.b Input/output
##...............D.4.4.c Message sending
##...............D.4.4.d Network communication
##...............D.4.4.e Terminal management
##..........D.4.5 Reliability
##...............D.4.5.a Backup procedures
##...............D.4.5.b Checkpoint/restart
##...............D.4.5.c Disconnected operation
##...............D.4.5.d Fault-tolerance
##...............D.4.5.e High availability
##...............D.4.5.f Verification
##..........D.4.6 Security and Privacy Protection
##...............D.4.6.a Access controls
##...............D.4.6.b Authentication
##...............D.4.6.c Cryptographic controls
##...............D.4.6.d Information flow controls
##...............D.4.6.e Invasive software
##...............D.4.6.f Security kernels
##...............D.4.6.g Verification
##..........D.4.7 Organization and Design
##...............D.4.7.a Batch processing systems
##...............D.4.7.b Distributed systems
##...............D.4.7.c Hierarchical design
##...............D.4.7.d Interactive systems
##...............D.4.7.e Real-time systems and embedded systems
##...............D.4.7.f Parallel systems
##..........D.4.8 Performance
##...............D.4.8.a Measurements
##...............D.4.8.b Modeling and prediction
##...............D.4.8.c Monitors
##...............D.4.8.d Operational analysis
##...............D.4.8.e Queuing theory
##...............D.4.8.f Simulation
##...............D.4.8.g Stochastic analysis
##..........D.4.9 Systems Programs and Utilities
##...............D.4.9.a Command and control languages
##...............D.4.9.b Linkers
##...............D.4.9.c Loaders
##...............D.4.9.d Window managers
##..........D.4.m Miscellaneous
##E Data
##.....E.0 General
##..........E.0.a Data communications aspects
##..........E.0.b Data dependencies
##..........E.0.c Data encryption
##...............H.2.1.a Data models
##...............H.2.1.b Database architectures
##...............H.2.1.c Database integration
##...............H.2.1.d Database models
##...............H.2.1.e Normal forms
##...............H.2.1.f Schema and subschema
##..........E.0.d File organization
##..........E.0.e Knowledge and data engineering tools and techniques
##..........E.0.f System applications and experience
##.....E.1 Data Structures
##..........E.1.a Arrays
##..........E.1.b Distributed data structures
##..........E.1.c Distributed file systems
##..........E.1.d Graphs and networks
##..........E.1.e Lists, stacks, and queues
##..........E.1.f Records
##..........E.1.g Tables
##..........E.1.h Trees
##.....E.2 Data Storage Representations
##..........E.2.a Composite structures
##..........E.2.b Contiguous representations
##..........E.2.c Hash-table representations
##..........E.2.d Linked representations
##..........E.2.e Object representation
##..........E.2.f Primitive data items
##.....E.3 Data Encryption
##..........E.3.a Code breaking
##..........E.3.b DES
##..........E.3.c Public key cryptosystems
##..........E.3.d Standards
##.....E.4 Coding and Information Theory
##..........E.4.a Data compaction and compression
##..........E.4.b Error control codes
##..........E.4.c Normal models of communication
##..........E.4.d Nonsecret encoding schemes
##.....E.5 Files
##..........E.5.a Backup/recovery
##..........E.5.b Optimization
##..........E.5.c Organization/structure
##..........E.5.d Sorting/searching
##.....E.m Miscellaneous
##F Theory of Computation
##.....F.0 General
##.....F.1 Computation by Abstract Devices
##..........F.1.0 General
##..........F.1.1 Models of Computation
##...............F.1.1.a Automata
##...............F.1.1.b Bounded-action devices
##...............F.1.1.c Computability theory
##...............F.1.1.d Relations between models
##...............F.1.1.e Self-modifying machines
##...............F.1.1.f Unbounded-action devices
##..........F.1.2 Modes of Computation
##...............F.1.2.a Alternation and nondeterminism
##...............F.1.2.b Interactive and reactive computation
##...............F.1.2.c Online computation
##...............F.1.2.d Parallelism and concurrency
##...............F.1.2.e Probabilistic computation
##...............F.1.2.f Relations among modes
##...............F.1.2.g Relativized computation
##..........F.1.3 Complexity Measures and Classes
##...............F.1.3.a Complexity hierarchies
##...............F.1.3.b Machine-independent complexity
##...............F.1.3.c Reducibility and completeness
##...............F.1.3.d Relations among complexity classes
##...............F.1.3.e Relations among complexity measures
##..........F.1.m Miscellaneous
##.....F.2 Analysis of Algorithms and Problem Complexity
##..........F.2.0 General
##..........F.2.1 Numerical Algorithms and Problems
##...............F.2.1.a Computation of transforms
##...............F.2.1.b Computations in finite fields
##...............F.2.1.c Computations on matrices
##...............F.2.1.d Computations on polynomials
##...............F.2.1.e Number-theoretic computations
##..........F.2.2 Nonnumerical Algorithms and Problems
##...............F.2.2.a Complexity of proof procedures
##...............F.2.2.b Computations on discrete structures
##...............F.2.2.c Geometrical problems and computations
##...............F.2.2.d Pattern matching
##...............F.2.2.e Routing and layout
##...............F.2.2.f Sequencing and scheduling
##...............F.2.2.g Sorting and searching
##..........F.2.3 Tradeoffs between Complexity Measures
##..........F.2.m Miscellaneous
##.....F.3 Logics and Meanings of Programs
##..........F.3.0 General
##..........F.3.1 Specifying and Verifying and Reasoning about Programs
##...............F.3.1.a Assertions
##...............F.3.1.b Invariants
##...............F.3.1.c Logics of programs
##...............F.3.1.d Mechanical verification
##...............F.3.1.e Pre- and post-conditions
##...............F.3.1.f Specification techniques
##..........F.3.2 Semantics of Programming Languages
##...............F.3.2.a Algebraic approaches to semantics
##...............F.3.2.b Denotational semantics
##...............F.3.2.c Operational semantics
##...............F.3.2.d Partial evaluation
##...............F.3.2.e Process models
##...............F.3.2.f Program analysis
##..........F.3.3 Studies of Program Constructs
##...............F.3.3.a Control primitives
##...............F.3.3.b Functional constructs
##...............F.3.3.c Object-oriented constructs
##...............F.3.3.d Program and recursion schemes
##...............F.3.3.e Type structure
##..........F.3.m Miscellaneous
##.....F.4 Mathematical logic and Formal Languages
##..........F.4.0 General
##..........F.4.1 Mathematical Logic
##...............F.4.1.a Computability theory
##...............F.4.1.b Computational logic
##...............F.4.1.c Lambda calculus and related systems
##...............F.4.1.d Logic and constraint programming
##...............F.4.1.e Mechanical theorem proving
##...............F.4.1.f Modal logic
##...............F.4.1.g Model theory
##...............F.4.1.h Proof theory
##...............F.4.1.i Recursive function theory
##...............F.4.1.j Set theory
##...............F.4.1.k Temporal logic
##..........F.4.2 Grammars and Other Rewriting Systems
##...............F.4.2.a Decision problems
##...............F.4.2.b Grammar types
##...............F.4.2.c Parallel rewriting systems
##...............F.4.2.d Parsing
##...............F.4.2.e Thue systems
##..........F.4.3 Formal Languages
##...............F.4.3.a Algebraic language theory
##...............F.4.3.b Classes defined by grammars or automata
##...............F.4.3.c Classes defined by resource-bounded automata
##...............F.4.3.d Decision problems
##...............F.4.3.e Operations on languages
##..........F.4.m Miscellaneous
##.....F.m Miscellaneous
##G Mathematics of Computing
##.....G.0 General
##.....G.1 Numerical Analysis
##..........G.1.0 General
##...............G.1.0.a Computer arithmetic
##...............G.1.0.b Conditioning and ill-conditioning
##...............G.1.0.c Error analysis
##...............G.1.0.d Interval arithmetic
##...............G.1.0.e Multiple precision arithmetic
##...............G.1.0.f Numerical algorithms
##...............G.1.0.g Parallel algorithms
##...............G.1.0.h Stability and instability
##..........G.1.10 Applications
##..........G.1.1 Interpolation
##...............G.1.1.a Difference formulas
##...............G.1.1.b Extrapolation
##...............G.1.1.c Interpolation formulas
##...............G.1.1.d Smoothing
##...............G.1.1.e Spline and piecewise polynomial interpolation
##..........G.1.2 Approximation
##...............G.1.2.a Approximation of surfaces and contours
##...............G.1.2.b Chebyshev approximation and theory
##...............G.1.2.c Elementary function approximation
##...............G.1.2.d Fast Fourier transforms
##...............G.1.2.e Least squares approximation
##...............G.1.2.f Linear approximation
##...............G.1.2.g Minimax approximation and algorithms
##...............G.1.2.h Nonlinear approximation
##...............G.1.2.i Rational approximation
##...............G.1.2.j Special function approximations
##...............G.1.2.k Spline and piecewise polynomial approximation
##...............G.1.2.l Wavelets and fractals
##..........G.1.3 Numerical Linear Algebra
##...............G.1.3.a Conditioning
##...............G.1.3.b Determinants
##...............G.1.3.c Eigenvalues and eigenvectors
##...............G.1.3.d Error analysis
##...............G.1.3.e Linear systems
##...............G.1.3.f Matrix inversion
##...............G.1.3.g Pseudoinverses
##...............G.1.3.h Singular value decomposition
##...............G.1.3.i Sparse, structured, and very large systems
##..........G.1.4 Quadrature and Numerical Differentiation
##...............G.1.4.a Adaptive and iterative quadrature
##...............G.1.4.b Automatic differentiation
##...............G.1.4.c Equal interval integration
##...............G.1.4.d Error analysis
##...............G.1.4.e Finite difference methods
##...............G.1.4.f Gaussian quadrature
##...............G.1.4.g Iterative methods
##...............G.1.4.h Multidimensional (multiple) quadrature
##..........G.1.5 Roots of Nonlinear Equations
##...............G.1.5.a Continuation (homotopy) methods
##...............G.1.5.b Convergence
##...............G.1.5.c Error analysis
##...............G.1.5.d Iterative methods
##...............G.1.5.e Polynomials, methods for
##...............G.1.5.f Systems of equations
##..........G.1.6 Optimization
##...............G.1.6.a Constrained optimization
##...............G.1.6.b Convex programming
##...............G.1.6.c Global optimization
##...............G.1.6.d Gradient methods
##...............G.1.6.e Inter programming
##...............G.1.6.f Least squares methods
##...............G.1.6.g Linear programming
##...............G.1.6.h Nonlinear programming
##...............G.1.6.i Quadratic programming methods
##...............G.1.6.j Simulated annealing
##...............G.1.6.k Stochastic programming
##...............G.1.6.l Unconstrained optimization
##..........G.1.7 Ordinary Differential Equations
##...............G.1.7.a Boundary value problems
##...............G.1.7.b Chaotic systems
##...............G.1.7.c Convergence and stability
##...............G.1.7.d Differential-algebraic equations
##...............G.1.7.e Error analysis
##...............G.1.7.f Finite difference methods
##...............G.1.7.g Initial value problems
##...............G.1.7.h Multistep and multivalue methods
##...............G.1.7.i One-step (single step) methods
##...............G.1.7.j Stiff equations
##..........G.1.8 Partial Differential Equations
##...............G.1.8.a Domain decomposition methods
##...............G.1.8.b Elliptic equations
##...............G.1.8.c Finite difference methods
##...............G.1.8.d Finite element methods
##...............G.1.8.e Finite volume methods
##...............G.1.8.f Hyperbolic equations
##...............G.1.8.g Inverse problems
##...............G.1.8.h Iterative solution techniques
##...............G.1.8.i Method of lines
##...............G.1.8.j Multigrid and multilevel methods
##...............G.1.8.k Parabolic equations
##...............G.1.8.l Spectral methods
##..........G.1.9 Integral Equations
##...............G.1.9.a Delay equations
##...............G.1.9.b Fredholm equations
##...............G.1.9.c Intro-differential equations
##...............G.1.9.d Volterra equations
##..........G.1.m Miscellaneous
##.....G.2 Discrete Mathematics
##..........G.2.0 General
##..........G.2.1 Combinatorics
##...............G.2.1.a Combinatorial algorithms
##...............G.2.1.b Counting problems
##...............G.2.1.c Generating functions
##...............G.2.1.d Permutations and combinations
##...............G.2.1.e Recurrences and difference equations
##..........G.2.2 Graph Theory
##...............G.2.2.a Graph algorithms
##...............G.2.2.b Graph labeling
##...............G.2.2.c Hypergraphs
##...............G.2.2.d Network problems
##...............G.2.2.e Path and circuit problems
##...............G.2.2.f Trees
##..........G.2.3 Applications
##..........G.2.m Miscellaneous
##.....G.3 Probability and Statistics
##..........G.3.a Contingency table analysis
##..........G.3.b Correlation and regression analysis
##..........G.3.c Distribution functions
##..........G.3.d Experimental design
##..........G.3.e Markov processes
##..........G.3.f Multivariate statistics
##..........G.3.g Nonparametric statistics
##..........G.3.h Probabilistic algorithms
##..........G.3.i Queuing theory
##..........G.3.j Random number generation
##..........G.3.k Reliability and life testing
##..........G.3.l Renewal theory
##..........G.3.m Robust regression
##..........G.3.n Statistical computing
##..........G.3.o Statistical software
##..........G.3.p Stochastic processes
##..........G.3.q Survival analysis
##..........G.3.r Time series analysis
##.....G.4 Mathematical Software
##..........G.4.a Algorithm design and analysis
##..........G.4.b Certification and testing
##..........G.4.c Documentation
##..........G.4.d Efficiency
##..........G.4.e Parallel and vector implementations
##..........G.4.f Portability
##..........G.4.g Reliability and robustness
##..........G.4.h User interfaces
##..........G.4.i Verification
##.....G.m Miscellaneous
##..........G.m.a Queuing theory
##H Information Technology and Systems
##.....H.0 General
##..........H.0.a Infrastructure Protection
##.....H.1 Models and Principles
##..........H.1.0 General
##..........H.1.1 Systems and Information Theory
##...............H.1.1.a General systems theory
##...............H.1.1.b Information theory
##...............H.1.1.c Value of information
##..........H.1.2 User/Machine Systems
##...............H.1.2.a Human factors
##...............H.1.2.b Human-centered computing
##...............H.1.2.c Human information processing
##...............H.1.2.d Software psychology
##..........H.1.m Miscellaneous
##.....H.2 Database Management
##..........H.2.0 General
##...............H.2.0.a Security, integrity, and protection
##...............H.2.0.b Database design, modeling and management
##...............H.2.0.c Query design and implementation languages
##..........H.2.1 Logical Design
##..........H.2.2 Physical Design
##...............H.2.2.a Access methods
##...............H.2.2.b Deadlock avoidance
##...............H.2.2.c Indexing methods
##...............H.2.2.d Physical database design prototypes
##...............H.2.2.e Recovery and restart
##..........H.2.3 Languages
##...............H.2.3.a Data description languages
##...............H.2.3.b Data manipulation languages
##...............H.2.3.c Database (persistent) programming languages
##...............H.2.3.d Database semantics
##...............H.2.3.e Query languages
##...............H.2.3.f Report writers
##..........H.2.4 Systems
##...............H.2.4.a Active databases
##...............H.2.4.b Buffer management
##...............H.2.4.c Concurrency
##...............H.2.4.d Distributed databases
##...............H.2.4.e Multimedia databases
##...............H.2.4.f Object-oriented databases
##...............H.2.4.g Parallel databases
##...............H.2.4.h Query processing
##...............H.2.4.i Relational databases
##...............H.2.4.j Rule-based databases
##...............H.2.4.k Spatial databases
##...............H.2.4.l Statistical databases
##...............H.2.4.m Temporal databases
##...............H.2.4.n Textual databases
##...............H.2.4.o Transaction processing
##...............H.2.4.p Workflow management
##..........H.2.5 Heterogeneous Databases
##...............H.2.5.a Data translation
##...............H.2.5.b Program translation
##..........H.2.6 Database Machines
##..........H.2.7 Database Administration
##...............H.2.7.a Data dictionary/directory
##...............H.2.7.b Data warehouse and repository
##...............H.2.7.c Logging and recovery
##...............H.2.7.d Security, integrity, and protection
##..........H.2.8 Database Applications
##...............H.2.8.a Bioinformatics (genome or protein) databases
##...............H.2.8.b Clustering, classification, and association rules
##...............H.2.8.c Data and knowledge visualization
##...............H.2.8.d Data mining
##...............H.2.8.e Feature extraction or construction
##...............H.2.8.f Knowledge management applications
##...............H.2.8.g Image databases
##...............H.2.8.h Interactive data exploration and discovery
##...............H.2.8.i Mining methods and algorithms
##...............H.2.8.j Modeling structured, textual and multimedia data
##...............H.2.8.k Personalization
##...............H.2.8.l Text mining
##...............H.2.8.m Web mining
##...............H.2.8.n Scientific databases
##...............H.2.8.o Spatial databases and GIS
##...............H.2.8.p Statistical databases
##..........H.2.m Miscellaneous
##.....H.3 Information Storage and Retrieval
##..........H.3.0 General
##...............H.3.0.a Web Search
##..........H.3.1 Content Analysis and Indexing
##...............H.3.1.a Abstracting methods
##...............H.3.1.b Dictionaries
##...............H.3.1.c Indexing methods
##...............H.3.1.d Linguistic processing
##...............H.3.1.e Thesauruses
##..........H.3.2 Information Storage
##...............H.3.2.a Document/file management
##...............H.3.2.b File organization
##...............H.3.2.c Record classification
##...............H.3.2.d Storage/repositories
##..........H.3.3 Information Search and Retrieval
##...............H.3.3.a Clustering
##...............H.3.3.b Information filtering
##...............H.3.3.c Internet search
##...............H.3.3.d Metadata
##...............H.3.3.e Query formulation
##...............H.3.3.f Relevance feedback
##...............H.3.3.g Retrieval models
##...............H.3.3.h Search process
##...............H.3.3.i Selection process
##..........H.3.4 Systems and Software
##...............H.3.4.a Current awareness systems
##...............H.3.4.b Distributed systems
##...............H.3.4.c Information networks
##...............H.3.4.d Performance evaluation
##...............H.3.4.e Question-answering systems
##...............H.3.4.f User profiles and alert services
##..........H.3.5 Online Information Services
##...............H.3.5.a Commercial services
##...............H.3.5.b Data sharing
##...............H.3.5.c DOM
##...............H.3.5.d HTML/DHTML CSS
##...............H.3.5.e Web-based services
##...............H.3.5.f XML/XSL/RDF
##..........H.3.6 Library Automation
##...............H.3.6.a Large text archives
##..........H.3.7 Digital Libraries
##...............H.3.7.a Collection
##...............H.3.7.b Dissemination
##...............H.3.7.c Standards
##...............H.3.7.d Systems issues
##...............H.3.7.e User issues
##..........H.3.m Miscellaneous
##.....H.4 Information Technology and Systems Applications
##..........H.4.0 General
##..........H.4.1 Office Automation
##...............H.4.1.a Desktop publishing
##...............H.4.1.b Equipment
##...............H.4.1.c Groupware
##...............H.4.1.d Spreadsheets
##...............H.4.1.e Time management
##...............H.4.1.f Word processing
##...............H.4.1.g Workflow management
##..........H.4.2 Types of Systems
##...............H.4.2.a Decision support
##...............H.4.2.b Logistics
##..........H.4.3 Communications Applications
##...............H.4.3.a Bulletin boards
##...............H.4.3.b Computer conferencing, teleconferencing, and videoconferencing
##...............H.4.3.c Electronic mail
##...............H.4.3.d Information browsers
##...............H.4.3.e Videotex
##..........H.4m Miscellaneous
##.....H.5 Information Interfaces and Representation (HCI)
##..........H.5.0 General
##..........H.5.1 Multimedia Information Systems
##...............H.5.1.a Animations
##...............H.5.1.b Artificial, augmented, and virtual realities
##...............H.5.1.c Audio input/output
##...............H.5.1.d Evaluation/methodology
##...............H.5.1.e Hypertext navigation and maps
##...............H.5.1.f Image/video retrieval
##...............H.5.1.g Video
##..........H.5.2 User Interfaces
##...............H.5.2.a Auditory (non-speech) feedback
##...............H.5.2.b Benchmarking
##...............H.5.2.c Design for wearability
##...............H.5.2.d Ergonomics
##...............H.5.2.e Evaluation/methodology
##...............H.5.2.f Graphical user interfaces
##...............H.5.2.g Haptic I/O
##...............H.5.2.h Input devices and strategies
##...............H.5.2.i Interaction styles
##...............H.5.2.j Natural language
##...............H.5.2.k Prototyping
##...............H.5.2.l Screen design
##...............H.5.2.m Standardization
##...............H.5.2.n Style guides
##...............H.5.2.o Theory and methods
##...............H.5.2.p Training, help, and documentation
##...............H.5.2.q User-centered design
##...............H.5.2.r User interface management systems
##...............H.5.2.s Vision I/O
##...............H.5.2.t Voice I/O
##...............H.5.2.u Windowing systems
##...............I.2.3.e Logic processing
##...............I.2.3.f Logic programming
##...............I.2.3.g Mathematical induction
##...............I.2.3.h Metatheory
##...............I.2.3.i Nonmonotonic reasoning and belief revision
##...............I.2.3.j Resolution
##...............I.2.3.k Rule-based processing
##...............I.2.3.l Uncertainty, “fuzzy,” and probabilistic reasoning
##..........H.5.3 Group and Organization Interfaces
##...............H.5.3.a Asynchronous interaction
##...............H.5.3.b Collaborative computing
##...............H.5.3.c Computer-supported cooperative work
##...............H.5.3.d Evaluation/methodology
##...............H.5.3.e Organizational design
##...............H.5.3.f Synchronous interaction
##...............H.5.3.g Theory and models
##...............H.5.3.h Web-based interaction
##..........H.5.4 Hypertext/Hypermedia
##...............H.5.4.a Architectures
##...............H.5.4.b Navigation
##...............H.5.4.c Theory
##...............H.5.4.d User issues
##..........H.5.5 Sound and Music Computing
##...............H.5.5.a Methodologies and techniques
##...............H.5.5.b Modeling
##...............H.5.5.c Signal analysis, synthesis, and processing
##...............H.5.5.d Systems
##..........H.5.m Miscellaneous
##.....H.m Miscellaneous
##I Computing Methodologies
##.....I.0 General
##.....I.1 Symbolic and algebraic manipulation
##..........I.1.0 General
##..........I.1.1 Expressions and Their Representation
##...............I.1.1.a Representations
##...............I.1.1.b Simplification of expressions
##..........I.1.2 Algorithms
##...............I.1.2.a Algebraic algorithms
##...............I.1.2.b Algorithms for data and knowledge management
##...............I.1.2.c Analysis of algorithms
##...............I.1.2.d Nonalgebraic algorithms
##...............I.1.2.e Performance evaluation of algorithms and systems
##..........I.1.3 Languages and Systems
##...............I.1.3.a Evaluation strategies
##...............I.1.3.b Nonprocedural languages
##...............I.1.3.c Special-purpose algebraic systems
##...............I.1.3.d Special-purpose hardware
##...............I.1.3.e Substitution mechanisms
##..........I.1.4 Applications
##..........I.1.m Miscellaneous
##.....I.2 Artificial Intelligence
##..........I.2.0 General
##...............I.2.0.a Cognitive simulation
##...............I.2.0.b Philosophical foundations
##..........I.2.10 Vision and Scene Understanding
##...............I.2.10.a 3D/stereo scene analysis
##...............I.2.10.b Architecture and control structures
##...............I.2.10.c Intensity, color, photometry, and thresholding
##...............I.2.10.d Modeling and recovery of physical attributes
##...............I.2.10.e Motion
##...............I.2.10.f  Perceptual reasoning
##...............I.2.10.g Representations, data structures, and transforms
##...............I.2.10.h Shape
##...............I.2.10.i  Texture
##...............I.2.10.j Video analysis
##..........I.2.11 Distributed Artificial Intelligence
##...............I.2.11.a Coherence and coordination
##...............I.2.11.b Intelligent agents
##...............I.2.11.c Languages and structures
##...............I.2.11.d Multiagent systems
##..........I.2.12 Intelligent Web Services and Semantic Web
##...............I.2.12.a Intelligent Web service languages
##...............I.2.12.b Internet reasoning services
##...............I.2.12.c Ontology design
##...............I.2.12.d Ontology languages
##..........I.2.13 Knowledge Management
##...............I.2.13.a Knowledge acquisition
##...............I.2.13.b Knowledge engineering methodologies
##...............I.2.13.c Knowledge life cycles
##...............I.2.13.d Knowledge maintenance
##...............I.2.13.e Knowledge modeling
##...............I.2.13.f  Knowledge personalization and customization
##...............I.2.13.g Knowledge publishing
##...............I.2.13.h Knowledge retrieval
##...............I.2.13.i  Knowledge reuse
##...............I.2.13.j  Knowledge valuation
##..........I.2.1 Applications and Expert Knowledge-Intensive Systems
##...............I.2.1.a Cartography
##...............I.2.1.b Computer vision
##...............I.2.1.c Decision support
##...............I.2.1.d Education
##...............I.2.1.e Environment
##...............I.2.1.f Games and infotainment
##...............I.2.1.g Industrial automation
##...............I.2.1.h Law
##...............I.2.1.i Mathematics
##...............I.2.1.j Medicine and science
##...............I.2.1.k Military
##...............I.2.1.l Natural language interfaces
##...............I.2.1.m Office automation
##...............I.2.1.n Space
##...............I.2.1.o Transportation
##..........I.2.2 Automatic Programming
##...............I.2.2.a Automatic analysis of algorithms
##...............I.2.2.b Program modification
##...............I.2.2.c Program synthesis
##...............I.2.2.d Program transformation
##...............I.2.2.e Program verification
##..........I.2.3 Deduction and Theorem Proving and Knowledge Processing
##...............I.2.3.a Answer/reason extraction
##...............I.2.3.b Constraint-based processing
##...............I.2.3.c Deduction
##...............I.2.3.d Inference engines
##..........I.2.4 Knowledge Representation Formalisms and Methods
##...............I.2.4.a Agent communication languages
##...............I.2.4.b Distributed representations
##...............I.2.4.c Frames and scripts
##...............I.2.4.d Knowledge base management
##...............I.2.4.e Knowledge base verification
##...............I.2.4.f Modal logic
##...............I.2.4.g Predicate logic
##...............I.2.4.h Relation systems
##...............I.2.4.i Representation languages
##...............I.2.4.j Representations (procedural and rule-based)
##...............I.2.4.k Semantic networks
##...............I.2.4.l Storage mechanisms
##...............I.2.4.m Temporal logic
##..........I.2.5 Programming Languages and Software
##...............I.2.5.a Expert and knowledge-intensive system tools and techniques
##..........I.2.6 Learning
##...............I.2.6.a Analogies
##...............I.2.6.b Concept learning
##...............I.2.6.c Connectionism and neural nets
##...............I.2.6.d Heuristics design
##...............I.2.6.e Induction
##...............I.2.6.f Knowledge acquisition
##...............I.2.6.g Machine learning
##...............I.2.6.h Language acquisition
##...............I.2.6.i Parameter learning
##..........I.2.7 Natural Language Processing
##...............I.2.7.a Discourse
##...............I.2.7.b Language generation
##...............I.2.7.c Language models
##...............I.2.7.d Language parsing and understanding
##...............I.2.7.e Language summarization
##...............I.2.7.f Machine translation
##...............I.2.7.g  Speech recognition and synthesis
##...............I.2.7.h Text analysis
##...............I.2.7.i Web text analysis
##..........I.2.8 Problem Solving, Control Methods, and Search
##...............I.2.8.a Backtracking
##...............I.2.8.b Constraint satisfaction
##...............I.2.8.c Control theory
##...............I.2.8.d Dynamic programming
##...............I.2.8.e Graph and tree search strategies
##...............I.2.8.f Heuristic methods
##...............I.2.8.g Plan execution, formation, and generation
##...............I.2.8.h Scheduling
##..........I.2.9 Robotics
##...............I.2.9.a Autonomous vehicles
##...............I.2.9.b Biorobotics
##...............I.2.9.c Commercial robots and applications
##...............I.2.9.d Kinematics and dynamics
##...............I.2.9.e Manipulators
##...............I.2.9.f Nanorobots
##...............I.2.9.g Neuromorphic computing
##...............I.2.9.h Operator interfaces
##...............I.2.9.i Propelling mechanisms
##...............I.2.9.j Sensors
##...............I.2.9.k Workcell organization and planning
##...............I.2.9.l Vision
##..........I.2.m Miscellaneous
##...............I.2.m.a Adaptive hypermedia
##...............I.2.m.b Computational neuroscience
##...............I.2.m.c Evolutionary computing and genetic algorithms
##...............I.2.m.d Wearable AI
##.....I.3 Computer Graphics
##..........I.3.0 General
##..........I.3.1 Hardware Architecture
##...............I.3.1.a Graphics processors
##...............I.3.1.b Hardcopy devices
##...............I.3.1.c Input devices
##...............I.3.1.d Parallel processing
##...............I.3.1.e Raster display devices
##...............I.3.1.f Storage devices
##...............I.3.1.g Three-dimensional displays
##...............I.3.1.h Vector display devices
##..........I.3.2 Graphics Systems
##...............I.3.2.a Distributed/network graphics
##...............I.3.2.b Remote systems
##...............I.3.2.c Stand-alone systems
##..........I.3.3 Picture/Image Generation
##...............I.3.3.a Antialiasing
##...............I.3.3.b Bitmap and frame buffer operations
##...............I.3.3.c Digitizing and scanning
##...............I.3.3.d Display algorithms
##...............I.3.3.e Image-based rendering
##...............I.3.3.f Line and curve generation
##...............I.3.3.g Viewing algorithms
##..........I.3.4 Graphics Utilities
##...............I.3.4.a Application packages
##...............I.3.4.b Device drivers
##...............I.3.4.c Graphics editors
##...............I.3.4.d Graphics packages
##...............I.3.4.e Meta files
##...............I.3.4.f Paint systems
##...............I.3.4.g Picture description languages
##...............I.3.4.h Software support
##...............I.3.4.i Virtual device interfaces
##..........I.3.5 Computational Geometry and Object Modeling
##...............I.3.5.a Boundary representations
##...............I.3.5.b Constructive solid geometry
##...............I.3.5.c Curve, surface, solid, and object representations
##...............I.3.5.d Geometric algorithms, languages, and systems
##...............I.3.5.e Hierarchy and geometric transformations
##...............I.3.5.f Modeling packages
##...............I.3.5.g Modeling from video
##...............I.3.5.h Object hierarchies
##...............I.3.5.i Physically based modeling
##...............I.3.5.j Splines
##..........I.3.6 Methodology and Techniques
##...............I.3.6.a Device independence
##...............I.3.6.b Ergonomics
##...............I.3.6.c Graphics data structures and data types
##...............I.3.6.d Interaction techniques
##...............I.3.6.e Languages
##...............I.3.6.f Standards
##..........I.3.7 Three-Dimensional Graphics and Realism
##...............I.3.7.a Animation
##...............I.3.7.b Color, shading, shadowing, and texture
##...............I.3.7.c Fractals
##...............I.3.7.d Hidden line/surface removal
##...............I.3.7.e Radiosity
##...............I.3.7.f Raytracing
##...............I.3.7.g Virtual reality
##...............I.3.7.h Visible line/surface algorithms
##..........I.3.8 Applications
##..........I.3.m Miscellaneous
##.....I.4 Image Processing and Computer Vision
##..........I.4.0 General
##...............I.4.0.a Image displays
##...............I.4.0.b Image processing software
##..........I.4.10 Image Representation
##...............I.4.10.a Hierarchical
##...............I.4.10.b Morphological
##...............I.4.10.c Multidimensional
##...............I.4.10.d Statistical
##...............I.4.10.e Volumetric
##..........I.4.1 Digitization and Image Capture
##...............I.4.1.a Camera calibration
##...............I.4.1.b Imaging geometry
##...............I.4.1.c Quantization
##...............I.4.1.d Radiometry
##...............I.4.1.e Reflectance
##...............I.4.1.f Sampling
##...............I.4.1.g Scanning
##..........I.4.2 Compression (Coding)
##...............I.4.2.a Approximate methods
##...............I.4.2.b Exact coding
##...............I.4.2.c Model-based coding
##...............I.4.2.d MP-4 and MP-7
##...............I.4.2.e Video coding
##..........I.4.3 Enhancement
##...............I.4.3.a Filtering
##...............I.4.3.b Geometric correction
##...............I.4.3.c Grayscale manipulation
##...............I.4.3.d Registration
##...............I.4.3.e Sharpening and deblurring
##...............I.4.3.f Smoothing
##..........I.4.4 Restoration
##...............I.4.4.a Inverse filtering
##...............I.4.4.b Kalman filtering
##...............I.4.4.c Pseudoinverse restoration
##...............I.4.4.d Wiener filtering
##..........I.4.5 Reconstruction
##...............I.4.5.a Series expansion methods
##...............I.4.5.b Summation methods
##...............I.4.5.c Transform methods
##..........I.4.6 Segmentation
##...............I.4.6.a Edge and feature detection
##...............I.4.6.b Graph-theoretic methods
##...............I.4.6.c Markov random fields
##...............I.4.6.d Pixel classification
##...............I.4.6.e Region growing, partitioning
##...............I.4.6.f Relaxation
##...............I.4.6.g Stochastic methods
##..........I.4.7 Feature Measurement
##...............I.4.7.a Feature representation
##...............I.4.7.b Invariants
##...............I.4.7.c Moments
##...............I.4.7.d Projections
##...............I.4.7.e Size and shape
##...............I.4.7.f Texture
##..........I.4.8 Scene Analysis
##...............I.4.8.a Color
##...............I.4.8.b Depth cues
##...............I.4.8.c Image models
##...............I.4.8.d Motion
##...............I.4.8.e Object recognition
##...............I.4.8.f Photometry
##...............I.4.8.g Range data
##...............I.4.8.h Sensor fusion
##...............I.4.8.i Shading
##...............I.4.8.j Shape
##...............I.4.8.k Stereo
##...............I.4.8.l Surface fitting
##...............I.4.8.m Time-varying imagery
##...............I.4.8.n Tracking
##..........I.4.9 Applications
##..........I.4.m Miscellaneous
##.....I.5 Pattern Recognition
##..........I.5.0 General
##..........I.5.1 Models
##...............I.5.1.a Deterministic
##...............I.5.1.b Fuzzy set
##...............I.5.1.c Geometric
##...............I.5.1.d Neural nets
##...............I.5.1.e Statistical
##...............I.5.1.f Structural
##...............I.5.1.g Syntactic
##..........I.5.2 Design Methodology
##...............I.5.2.a Classifier design and evaluation
##...............I.5.2.b Feature evaluation and selection
##...............I.5.2.c Pattern analysis
##..........I.5.3 Clustering
##...............I.5.3.a Algorithms
##...............I.5.3.b Similarity measures
##..........I.5.4 Applications
##...............I.5.4.a Arts
##...............I.5.4.b Computer vision
##...............I.5.4.c Computational models of vision
##...............I.5.4.d Face and gesture recognition
##...............I.5.4.e Government
##...............I.5.4.f Handwriting analysis
##...............I.5.4.g Industry
##...............I.5.4.h Medicine
##...............I.5.4.i Military
##...............I.5.4.j Remote sensing
##...............I.5.4.k Robotics
##...............I.5.4.l Sciences
##...............I.5.4.m Signal processing
##...............I.5.4.n Text processing
##...............I.5.4.o Waveform analysis
##..........I.5.5 Implementation
##...............I.5.5.a Interactive systems
##...............I.5.5.b Real-time systems
##...............I.5.5.c Special architectures
##..........I.5.m Miscellaneous
##.....I.6 Simulation, Modeling, and Visualization
##..........I.6.0 General
##..........I.6.1 Simulation Theory
##...............I.6.1.a Model classification
##...............I.6.1.b Systems theory
##...............I.6.1.c Types of simulation
##..........I.6.2 Simulation Languages
##..........I.6.3 Applications
##..........I.6.4 Model Validation and Analysis
##..........I.6.5 Model Development
##...............I.6.5.a Modeling methodologies
##..........I.6.6 Simulation Output Analysis
##..........I.6.7 Simulation Support Systems
##...............I.6.7.a Environments
##..........I.6.8 Types of Simulation
##...............I.6.8.a Animation
##...............I.6.8.b Combined
##...............I.6.8.c Continuous
##...............I.6.8.d Discrete event
##...............I.6.8.e Distributed
##...............I.6.8.f Gaming
##...............I.6.8.g Monte Carlo
##...............I.6.8.h Parallel
##...............I.6.8.i Visual
##..........I.6.9 Visualization
##...............I.6.9.a Applications
##...............I.6.9.b Flow visualization
##...............I.6.9.c Information visualization
##...............I.6.9.d Multivariate visualization
##...............I.6.9.e Visual programming and program visualization
##...............I.6.9.f Visualization systems and software
##...............I.6.9.g Visualization techniques and methodologies
##...............I.6.9.h Volume visualization
##..........I.6.m Miscellaneous
##.....I.7 Document and Text Processing
##..........I.7.0 General
##..........I.7.1 Document and Text Editing
##...............I.7.1.a Document management
##...............I.7.1.b Languages
##...............I.7.1.c Spelling
##...............I.7.1.d Version control
##..........I.7.2 Document Preparation
##...............I.7.2.a Desktop publishing
##...............I.7.2.b Format and notation
##...............I.7.2.c Hypertext/hypermedia
##...............I.7.2.d Index generation
##...............I.7.2.e Languages and systems
##...............I.7.2.f Markup languages
##...............I.7.2.g Multi/mixed media
##...............I.7.2.h Photocomposition/typesetting
##...............I.7.2.i Scripting languages
##...............I.7.2.j Standards
##..........I.7.3 Index Generation
##..........I.7.4 Electronic Publishing
##..........I.7.5 Document Capture
##...............I.7.5.a Document analysis
##...............I.7.5.b Document indexing
##...............I.7.5.c Graphics recognition and interpretation
##...............I.7.5.d Optical character recognition
##...............I.7.5.e Scanning
##..........I.7.m Miscellaneous
##.....I.m Miscellaneous
##J Computer Applications
##.....J.0 General
##.....J.1 Administrative Data Processing
##..........J.1.a Business
##..........J.1.b Education
##..........J.1.c Financial
##..........J.1.d Government
##..........J.1.e Law
##..........J.1.f Manufacturing
##..........J.1.g Marketing
##..........J.1.h Military
##.....J.2 Physical Sciences and Engineering
##..........J.2.a Aerospace
##..........J.2.b Archaeology
##..........J.2.c Astronomy
##..........J.2.d Chemistry
##..........J.2.e Earth and atmospheric sciences
##..........J.2.f Electronics
##..........J.2.g Engineering
##..........J.2.h Mathematics and statistics
##..........J.2.i Physics
##.....J.3 Life and Medical Sciences
##..........J.3.a Biology and genetics
##..........J.3.b Health
##..........J.3.c Medical information systems
##.....J.4 Social and Behavioral Sciences
##..........J.4.a Economics
##..........J.4.b Psychology
##..........J.4.c Sociology
##.....J.5 Arts and Humanities
##..........J.5.a Architecture
##..........J.5.b Arts, fine and performing
##..........J.5.c Fine arts
##..........J.5.d Language translation
##..........J.5.e Linguistics
##..........J.5.f Literature
##..........J.5.g Music
##..........J.5.h Performing arts
##.....J.6 Computer-Aided Engineering
##..........J.6.a Computer-aided design
##..........J.6.b Computer-aided manufacturing
##.....J.7 Computers in Other Systems
##..........J.7.a Command and control
##..........J.7.b Consumer products
##..........J.7.c Industrial control
##..........J.7.d Military
##..........J.7.e Process control
##..........J.7.f Publishing
##..........J.7.g Real time
##.....J.8 Internet Applications
##..........J.8.a Client/server and multitier systems
##..........J.8.b Databases
##..........J.8.c Database connectivity
##..........J.8.d Distributed file systems
##..........J.8.e Electronic commerce
##..........J.8.f Engineering design
##..........J.8.g Games
##..........J.8.h Health care
##..........J.8.i Intranet/extranet/VPNs
##..........J.8.j Libraries/information repositories/publishing
##..........J.8.k Manufacturing
##..........J.8.l Middleware/business logic
##..........J.8.m Network repositories/data mining/backup
##..........J.8.n Software engineering
##..........J.8.o Traffic analysis
##..........J.8.p Transaction software
##..........J.8.q Web browsers
##..........J.8.r Web servers
##..........J.8.s Web site management/development tools
##.....J.9 Mobile Applications
##..........J.9.a Location-dependent and sensitive
##..........J.9.b Nomadic computing
##..........J.9.c Multimedia applications and multimedia signal processing
##..........J.9.d Pervasive computing
##..........J.9.e Wearable computers and body area networks
##..........J.9.f Wireless sensor networks
##.....J.m Miscellaneous
##K Computing Milieux
##.....K.0 General
##.....K.1 The Computer Industry
##..........K.1.a Markets
##..........K.1.b Standards
##..........K.1.c Statistics
##..........K.1.d Suppliers
##.....K.2 History of Computing
##..........K.2.a Hardware
##..........K.2.b People
##..........K.2.c Software
##..........K.2.d Systems
##..........K.2.e Theory
##.....K.3 Computers and Education
##..........K.3.0 General
##..........K.3.1 Computer Uses in Education
##...............K.3.1.a Collaborative learning
##...............K.3.1.b Computer-assisted instruction
##...............K.3.1.c Computer-managed instruction
##...............K.3.1.d Distance learning
##..........K.3.2 Computer and Information Science Education
##...............K.3.2.a Accreditation
##...............K.3.2.b Computer science education
##...............K.3.2.c Curriculum
##...............K.3.2.d Information systems education
##...............K.3.2.e Literacy
##...............K.3.2.f Self-assessment
##..........K.3.m Miscellaneous
##...............K.3.m.a Accreditation
##...............K.3.m.b Computer literacy
##.....K.4 Computers and Society
##..........K.4.0 General
##..........K.4.1 Public Policy Issues
##...............K.4.1.a Abuse and crime involving computers
##...............K.4.1.b Computer-related health issues
##...............K.4.1.c Ethics
##...............K.4.1.d Human safety
##...............K.4.1.e Intellectual property rights
##...............K.4.1.f Privacy
##...............K.4.1.g Regulation
##...............K.4.1.h Transborder data flow
##...............K.4.1.i Use/abuse of power
##..........K.4.2 Social Issues
##...............K.4.2.a Abuse and crime involving computers
##...............K.4.2.b Assistive technologies for persons with disabilities
##...............K.4.2.c Employment
##...............K.4.2.d Handicapped persons/special needs
##..........K.4.3 Organizational Impacts
##...............K.4.3.a Automation
##...............K.4.3.b Computer-supported collaborative work
##...............K.4.3.c Deployment, usage experience
##...............K.4.3.d Employment
##...............K.4.3.e Reengineering
##...............K.4.3.f Scalability, maintainability
##..........K.4.4 Electronic Commerce
##...............K.4.4.a Cybercash, digital cash
##...............K.4.4.b Distributed commercial transactions
##...............K.4.4.c Electronic data interchange
##...............K.4.4.d Intellectual property
##...............K.4.4.e Payment schemes
##...............K.4.4.f Security
##...............K.4.4.g Internet security policies
##...............K.4.4.h Mobile code security
##...............K.4.4.i Economic and other policies
##..........K.4.m Miscellaneous
##.....K.5 Legal Aspects of Computing
##..........K.5.0 General
##..........K.5.1 Hardware/Software Protection
##...............K.5.1.a Copyrights
##...............K.5.1.b Licensing
##...............K.5.1.c Patents
##...............K.5.1.d Proprietary rights
##...............K.5.1.e Trade secrets
##..........K.5.2 Governmental Issues
##...............K.5.2.a Censorship
##...............K.5.2.b Regulation
##...............K.5.2.c Taxation
##..........K.5.m Miscellaneous
##...............K.5.m.a Contracts
##...............K.5.m.b Hardware patents
##.....K.6 Management of Computing and Information Systems
##..........K.6.0 General
##...............K.6.0.a Economics
##...............K.6.0.b Information resource management
##..........K.6.1 Project and People Management
##...............K.6.1.a Life cycle
##...............K.6.1.b Management techniques
##...............K.6.1.c Staffing
##...............K.6.1.d Strategic information systems planning
##...............K.6.1.e Systems analysis and design
##...............K.6.1.f Systems development
##...............K.6.1.g Training
##..........K.6.2 Installation Management
##...............K.6.2.a Benchmarks
##...............K.6.2.b Computer selection
##...............K.6.2.c Computing equipment management
##...............K.6.2.d Performance and usage measurement
##...............K.6.2.e Pricing and resource allocation
##..........K.6.3 Software Management
##...............K.6.3.a Software development
##...............K.6.3.b Software maintenance
##...............K.6.3.c Software process
##...............K.6.3.d Software selection
##..........K.6.4 System Management
##...............K.6.4.a Centralization/decentralization
##...............K.6.4.b Management audit
##...............K.6.4.c Quality assurance
##..........K.6.5 Security and Protection
##...............K.6.5.a Authentication
##...............K.6.5.b Insurance
##...............K.6.5.c Invasive software (viruses, worms, Trojan horses)
##...............K.6.5.d Physical security
##...............K.6.5.e Unauthorized access (hacking, phreaking)
##..........K.6.m Miscellaneous
##...............K.6.m.a Insurance
##...............K.6.m.b Security
##.....K.7 The Computing Profession
##..........K.7.0 General
##...............K.7.0.a Career Management
##..........K.7.1 Occupations
##..........K.7.2 Organizations
##..........K.7.3 Testing, Certification, and Licensing
##..........K.7.4 Professional Ethics
##...............K.7.4.a Codes of ethics
##...............K.7.4.b Codes of good practice
##...............K.7.4.c Ethical dilemmas
##..........K.7.m Miscellaneous
##...............K.7.m.a Codes of good practice
##...............K.7.m.b Ethics
##.....K.8 Personal Computing
##..........K.8.0 General
##...............K.8.0.a Games
##..........K.8.1 Application Packages
##...............K.8.1.a Data communications
##...............K.8.1.b Database processing
##...............K.8.1.c Freeware/shareware
##...............K.8.1.d Graphics
##...............K.8.1.e Spreadsheets
##...............K.8.1.f Word processing
##..........K.8.2 Hardware
##..........K.8.3 Management/Maintenance
##..........K.8.m Miscellaneous
##.....K.m Miscellaneous
##..........K.m.a Business
##..........K.m.b Education
##..........K.m.c Financial
##..........K.m.d Healthcare
##..........K.m.e Industrial
##..........K.m.f IT Applications
##..........K.m.g Legal
##..........K.m.h Library
##..........K.m.i Military
##..........K.m.j Publishing
##..........K.m.k Sports
##L Haptics
##.....L.0 General
##.....L.1 Human Haptics
##..........L.1.0 Touch-based properties and capabilities of the human user
##...............L.1.0.a Attention
##....................L.2.0 Hardware and software that enable touch-based interactions with real, remote, and virtual environments
##...............L.1.0.b Biomechanics
##...............L.1.0.c Cognition
##...............L.1.0.d Human factors and ergonomics
##...............L.1.0.e  Human performance
##...............L.1.0.f Neuroscience
##...............L.1.0.g Perception and psychophysics
##...............L.1.0.h Social communication
##.....L.2 Haptics Technology
##..........L.2.0.a Kinesthetic devices
##..........L.2.0.b Tactile devices
##..........L.2.0.c Tactile display
##..........L.2.0.d Haptic display
##..........L.2.0.e Sensors
##..........L.2.0.f Haptic rendering
##..........L.2.0.g Collision detection
##..........L.2.0.h Force rendering
##..........L.2.0.i Texture rendering
##..........L.2.0.j Graphic rendering
##..........L.2.0.k Virtual reality
##..........L.2.0.l Virtual environment modeling
##..........L.2.0.m Dynamic systems and control
##..........L.2.0.n Force feedback
##..........L.2.0.o Transparency
##..........L.2.0.p Real time control
##..........L.2.0.q Telepresence
##..........L.2.0.r Telemanipulation
##..........L.2.0.s Measurement-based synthesis/modeling
##..........L.2.0.t Multimodal systems
##..........L.2.0.u System design and analysis
##.....L.3 Haptics Applications
##..........L.3.0 Integrating touch-based interactions into various domains Assistive technology
##...............L.3.0.a Art
##...............L.3.0.b Automotive
##...............L.3.0.c Design
##...............L.3.0.d Education
##...............L.3.0.e Entertainment
##...............L.3.0.f Human-computer interaction
##...............L.3.0.g Manufacturing/assembly
##...............L.3.0.h Medical simulation
##...............L.3.0.i Micro/Nano technology
##...............L.3.0.j Molecular biology
##...............L.3.0.k Prosthetics
##...............L.3.0.l Rehabilitation
##...............L.3.0.m Scientific visualization
##...............L.3.0.n Space
##...............L.3.0.o Surgical robotics
##...............L.3.0.p Neuroscience
##M Services Computing
##.....M.0 General
##.....M.1 Principles of Services
##..........M.1.0 General
##...............M.1.0.a Services Systems
##...............M.1.0.b Services Models
##...............M.1.0.c Services Technologies
##...............M.1.0.d Services Architectures
##...............M.1.0.e Optimization of Services Systems
##.....M.2 Services Lifecycle
##..........M.2.0 General
##...............M.2.0.a Consulting and Strategic Planning
##...............M.2.0.b Services Engagement
##...............M.2.0.c Services Delivery
##...............M.2.0.d Services Operation
##...............M.2.0.e Services Billing
##...............M.2.0.f Services Management
##..........M.2.1 Key Factors in Services Lifecycle
##...............M.2.1.a Data/Information
##...............M.2.1.b Processes
##...............M.2.1.c People
##...............M.2.1.d Resources
##...............M.2.1.e Finance Factors
##...............M.2.1.f Knowledge and Skills
##...............M.2.1.g Innovation and Technology
##..........M.2.2 Service-Oriented Business Models
##...............M.2.2.a Services Modernization
##...............M.2.2.b Software As Services
##...............M.2.2.c Services As Software
##.....M.3 Web Services
##..........M.3.0 General
##...............M.3.0.a Web Services Modeling
##...............M.3.0.b Web Services Communication Protocols
##...............M.3.0.c Web Services Binding
##...............M.3.0.d Web Services Publishing
##...............M.3.0.e Stateful Web Services
##...............M.3.0.f Web Services Interoperability
##..........M.3.1 Composite Services
##...............M.3.1.a Composite Web Services
##...............M.3.1.b Representation of Composite Services
##...............M.3.1.c Three-Dimenional Modeling
##..........M.3.2 Web Services Publishing
##...............M.3.2.a Public Services Registry
##...............M.3.2.b Private Services Registry
##...............M.3.2.c Distributed Services Registry
##..........M.3.3 Web Services Discovery
##...............M.3.3.a Search Discovery Language
##...............M.3.3.b Services Discovery Engine
##...............M.3.3.c Services Discovery Process and Methodology
##...............M.3.3.d Services Discovery Architecture
##...............M.3.3.e Federated Services Discovery
##.....M.4 Service-Oriented Architecture
##..........M.4.0 General
##...............M.4.0.a Operational Model
##...............M.4.0.b Realization
##..........M.4.1 Services Innovation
##...............M.4.1.a Simple Services Invocation
##...............M.4.1.b Metadata of Services Interfaces
##...............M.4.1.c Metadata Publishing
##...............M.4.1.d Advanced Services Invocation Framework
##..........M.4.2 Bridging Business and IT Architecture
##...............M.4.2.a Enterprise Level Transformation
##...............M.4.2.b Process Level Transformation
##...............M.4.2.c Programming Level Transformation
##..........M.4.3 Solution Lifecycle
##...............M.4.3.a Solution Modeling
##...............M.4.3.b Solution Development
##...............M.4.3.c Solution Deployment
##...............M.4.3.d Solution Publishing
##...............M.4.3.e Solution Discovery
##...............M.4.3.f Solution Invocation
##...............M.4.3.g Solution Composition
##...............M.4.3.h Collaborations in Solution
##...............M.4.3.i Solution Monitoring
##...............M.4.3.j Solution Management
##..........M.4.4 Solution Reference Architectures
##...............M.4.4.a Architecture Overview Diagram
##...............M.4.4.b User Interaction and Presentation
##...............M.4.4.c Processes
##...............M.4.4.d Services
##...............M.4.4.e Services Components
##...............M.4.4.f Operational Systems
##...............M.4.4.g Integration
##...............M.4.4.h Quality of Services
##...............M.4.4.i Data Architecture
##...............M.4.4.j Goverance
##.....M.5 Services Relationships
##..........M.5.0 General
##...............M.5.0.a Relationships in Services Registries
##...............M.5.0.b Relationship Specification Languages
##..........M.5.1 Web Services Relationship Language
##...............M.5.1.a Relationship Modeling Schema
##...............M.5.1.b Layered Services Relationship Modeling
##...............M.5.1.c Extensions
##..........M.5.2 Service-Oriented Relationship Modeling
##...............M.5.2.a Business Services Relationship
##...............M.5.2.b Modeling at Business Entity Level
##...............M.5.2.c Modeling at Business Service Level
##...............M.5.2.d Relationship Enriched Services Registry
##.....M.6 Services Composition
##..........M.6.0 General
##...............M.6.0.a Aspects of Business Requirements
##...............M.6.0.b Business Requirements Modeling
##...............M.6.0.c Requirements Driven Services Discovery
##...............M.6.0.d Formalization of Services Composition
##..........M.6.1 Services Integration Framework
##...............M.6.1.a Services Integration Procedure
##...............M.6.1.b Optimization of Services Composition
##..........M.6.2 Services Value Chain Collaboration
##...............M.6.2.a Inter-Enterprise Collaboration
##...............M.6.2.b Intra-Enterprise Collaboration
##...............M.6.2.c Extended Business Collaboration Model
##...............M.6.2.d Annotated Business HyperChain
##...............M.6.2.e Web Services Collaboration Resources
##...............M.6.2.f Collaboration Message Primitives
##...............M.6.2.g Collaboration Construct
##...............M.6.2.h Collaborative Exchange Protocol
##.....M.7 Business Process Management & Integration
##..........M.7.0 General
##...............M.7.0.a Business Process Modeling
##...............M.7.0.b Business Process Management
##..........M.7.1 Service-Oriented Business Process Management
##...............M.7.1.a Top-Down Process Management
##...............M.7.1.b Bottom-up Process Management
##...............M.7.1.c Business Process Reengineering
##...............M.7.1.d Process Re-engineering Methodology
##..........M.7.2 Flexible Business Process Integration
##...............M.7.2.a Lifecycle of an Integration Activity
##...............M.7.2.b Integration Activity Modeling
##...............M.7.2.c Business Process Monitoring
##.....M.8 Business Grid
##..........M.8.0 General
##...............M.8.0.a Service-Oriented Grid Computing
##...............M.8.0.b Business Grid Solution Framework
##..........M.8.1 Logical Grid Infrastructure
##...............M.8.1.a Packaged Application Grid
##...............M.8.1.b Business Grid Middleware
##...............M.8.1.c Business Process Grid
##..........M.8.2 Business Grid Solution Development
##...............M.8.2.a Business Grid Service Development
##...............M.8.2.b Business Grid Service Invocation
##.....M.9 Enterprise Modeling and Management
##..........M.9.0 General
##...............M.9.0.a Dynamics of Services Ecosystem
##...............M.9.0.b Requirements for Enterprise Modeling
##..........M.9.1 Methodologies for Enterprise Modeling
##...............M.9.1.a Balanced Scorecard and Strategy Map
##...............M.9.1.b Component Business Modeling Circle
##...............M.9.1.c Enterprise Architecture
##...............M.9.1.d Enterprise Transformation
##..........M.9.2 Enterprise Performance Management
##...............M.9.2.a Enterprise Project Management
##...............M.9.2.b Enterprise Performance Management
##...............M.9.2.c Service-Oriented Enterprise Management
##...............M.9.2.d Enterprise Portfolio Management
##.....M.10 Service-Oriented Consulting Methodology
##..........M.10.0 General
##...............M.10.0.a Consulting Method for Strategic Change
##...............M.10.0.b Consulting Method for IT Strategic Plan
##..........M.10.1  Service-Oriented Business Consulting
##...............M.10.1.a Gap Analysis
##...............M.10.1.b Initiatives Identification
##...............M.10.1.c Value Chain Analysis
##...............M.10.1.d Business Case Analysis
##...............M.10.1.e Portfolio Analysis
##...............M.10.1.f Transition Planning
##...............M.10.1.g Project Management and Collaboration
##...............M.10.1.h IT Service Management
##.....M.11 Services Delivery Platform and Methodology
##..........M.11.0 General
##...............M.11.0.a Services Delivery Mechanisms
##...............M.11.0.b Services Engineering
##..........M.11.1 Service-Oriented Services Delivery Platform
##...............M.11.1.a Services Delivery Platform
##...............M.11.1.b Collaborative Services Delivery Platform
##...............M.11.1.c Common Services
##..........M.11.2 Services Delivery Methodology
##...............M.11.2.a Services Delivery Readiness Phase
##...............M.11.2.b Services Delivery Creation Phase
##...............M.11.2.c Services Delivery Operation
##..........M.11.3 Software as Services
##...............M.11.3.a Web 2.0 and Web X.o
##...............M.11.3.b Service Mash-up
##...............M.11.3.c New Business Models
##..........M.11.4 Services as Software
##...............M.11.4.a Asset-based Services Model
##...............M.11.4.b Services Software
##.....M.12 Application Services and Standards
##..........M.12.0 General
##...............M.12.0.a Case Studies in Industry
##...............M.12.0.b Case Studies in Scientific Applications
##...............M.12.0.c Case Studies in Government
##..........M.12.1 Solution-Level Quality of Service
##...............M.12.1.a Context-Aware QoS Model
##...............M.12.1.b Representation of QoS Model
##...............M.12.1.c QoS Data Management
##...............M.12.1.d Business Relationship Model
##...............M.12.1.e Solution-Level QoS Framework
##..........M.12.2 Data Architecture Framework
##...............M.12.2.a Constructs in Data Architecture
##...............M.12.2.b Relationships Between Constructs
##..........M.12.3 QoS Management Modeling
##...............M.12.3.a Modeling of Resources
##...............M.12.3.b Modeling the QoS Assurance Process
##..........M.12.4 Web Services Standard Stack
##...............M.12.4.a Transport
##...............M.12.4.b Messaging
##...............M.12.4.c Description/Publishing/Discovery
##...............M.12.4.d Quality of Service
##...............M.12.4.e Service Composition
##..........M.12.5 Industry-Specific Standards
##...............M.12.5.a Service-Oriented Solution Reference Architecture
##...............M.12.5.b New Standards
##...............M.12.5.c Case Studies
##N. Learning Technologies
##.....N.0 General
##.....N.1 Learning environments
##..........N.1.a Educational games
##..........N.1.b Learning via discovery
##..........N.1.c Fieldwork learning
##..........N.1.d Virtual labs
##..........N.1.e Educational simulations
##..........N.1.f Nomadic learning environments
##..........N.1.g Virtual and augmented reality
##.....N.2 E-learning tools
##..........N.2.a Web lectures and notes
##..........N.2.b Learning management systems
##..........N.2.c Lecture notes
##..........N.2.d Discussion forums
##..........N.2.e Instructor interfaces
##..........N.2.f Homework support systems
##..........N.2.g Automatic assessment tools
##..........N.2.h Self-assessment technologies
##.....N.3 Social Technologies
##..........N.3.a Social learning techniques
##..........N.3.b Collaborative learning tools
##..........N.3.c Social networking
##..........N.3.d Knowledge sharing
##..........N.3.e Peer tutoring
##..........N.3.f Peer reviewing
##..........N.3.g User generated learning content
##.....N.4 Adaptive and intelligent educational systems
##..........N.4.a Intelligent tutoring systems
##..........N.4.b Adaptive Hypermedia
##..........N.4.c Personalized E-learning
##.....N.5 Standards and interoperability
##..........N.5.a E-learning standards
##..........N.5.b Learning objects
##..........N.5.c Ontologies
##..........N.5.d Web services
##..........N.5.e Authoring tools
##.....N.6 Devices for learning
##..........N.6.a Mobile and personal devices
##..........N.6.b Tablet PCs
##..........N.6.c Classroom feedback systems
##..........N.6.d Multitouch devices
##..........N.6.e Large screen interaction
##O Affective Computing
##.....O.0 General
##.....O.1 Affect sensing and analysis
##..........O.1.1 Nonverbal signals
##...............O.1.1.a Facial expression
##...............O.1.1.b Gesture
##...............O.1.1.c Posture
##..........O.1.2 Natural language
##...............O.1.2.a Sentiment analysis
##...............O.1.2.b Speech analysis
##...............O.1.2.c Paralanguage analysis
##..........O.1.3 Physiological Measures
##...............O.1.3.a Central measures
##...............O.1.3.b Peripheral measures
##..........O.1.4 Multi-modal recognition
##..........O.1.5 Recognition of group emotion
##.....O.2 Modeling human emotion
##..........O.2.1 Cognitive models
##...............O.2.1.a Appraisal processes
##...............O.2.1.b Mood or core affect
##...............O.2.1.c Consequences for decision-making
##...............O.2.1.d Regulation and coping
##...............O.2.1.e Consequences for learning
##...............O.2.1.f Affective priming
##..........O.2.2 Neural models
##..........O.2.3 Perceptual models
##...............O.2.3.a perceptual biases
##...............O.2.3.b Emotion contagion
##..........O.2.4 Action selection
##..........O.2.5 Emotion theory
##..........O.2.6 Individual and cultural differences
##..........O.2.7 Diagnosis or assessment
##..........O.2.8 Evaluation studies
##.....O.3 Synthesis of affective behavior
##..........O.3.1 Standards and markup languages
##..........O.3.2 Nonverbal synthesis
##...............O.3.2.a Facial expression
##...............O.3.2.b Gesture
##...............O.3.2.c Posture
##...............O.3.2.d Physiological signals
##..........O.3.3 Language synthesis
##...............O.3.3.a Emotional text generation
##...............O.3.3.b Emotional speech synthesis
##...............O.3.3.c Paralanguage synthesis
##..........O.3.4 Multimodal synthesis
##.....O.4 Affective issues in user interaction
##..........O.4.1 Emotion in human-computer interaction
##..........O.4.2 Emotion in human-robotic interaction
##..........O.4.3 Social effects of synthetic emotion
##..........O.4.4 Adaptation to user state
##..........O.4.5 Influencing human emotional state
##..........O.4.6 Emotional rapport, empathy and resonance
##.....O.5 Affective issues in enhancing machine/robotic intelligence
##..........O.5.1 Comparison to rational methods
##..........O.5.2 Function in intelligent systems
##..........O.5.3 Function in multi-agent systems
##..........O.5.4 Function in robotic systems
##.....O.6 Emotional corpora
##..........O.6.1 Methods of data collection
##..........O.6.2 Methods for emotion elicitation
##..........O.6.3 Tools and methods of annotation
##.....O.7 Technology & devices for affective computing
##.....O.8 Affective computing applications
##..........O.8.1 Education
##..........O.8.2 Health care
##..........O.8.3 Entertainment
##..........O.8.4 Interactive narrative
##..........O.8.5 Customer service
##..........O.8.6 Design
##..........O.8.7 Vehicle operation
##..........O.8.8 Social agents/robotics
##..........O.8.9 Affective ambient intelligence
##..........O.8.10 Customer experience measurement
##..........O.8.11 Multimedia retrieval
##..........O.8.12 Surveillance systems
##..........O.8.13 Biometrics
##..........O.8.14 Music retrieval and generation
##..........O.8.15 Social science methods or tools
##.....O.9 Ethical/Societal Implications
##..........O.9.1 Engineering ethics
##..........O.9.2 Health implications
##..........O.9.3 Moral implications
##..........O.9.4 Legal implications
##..........O.9.5 Public policy