[LeetCode] 706. Design HashMap 设计HashMap

 

Design a HashMap without using any built-in hash table libraries.

Implement the MyHashMap class:

  • MyHashMap() initializes the object with an empty map.
  • void put(int key, int value) inserts a (key, value) pair into the HashMap. If the key already exists in the map, update the corresponding value.
  • int get(int key) returns the value to which the specified key is mapped, or -1 if this map contains no mapping for the key.
  • void remove(key) removes the key and its corresponding value if the map contains the mapping for the key.

 

Example 1:

Input
["MyHashMap", "put", "put", "get", "get", "put", "get", "remove", "get"]
[[], [1, 1], [2, 2], [1], [3], [2, 1], [2], [2], [2]]
Output
[null, null, null, 1, -1, null, 1, null, -1]

Explanation
MyHashMap myHashMap = new MyHashMap();
myHashMap.put(1, 1); // The map is now [[1,1]]
myHashMap.put(2, 2); // The map is now [[1,1], [2,2]]
myHashMap.get(1);    // return 1, The map is now [[1,1], [2,2]]
myHashMap.get(3);    // return -1 (i.e., not found), The map is now [[1,1], [2,2]]
myHashMap.put(2, 1); // The map is now [[1,1], [2,1]] (i.e., update the existing value)
myHashMap.get(2);    // return 1, The map is now [[1,1], [2,1]]
myHashMap.remove(2); // remove the mapping for 2, The map is now [[1,1]]
myHashMap.get(2);    // return -1 (i.e., not found), The map is now [[1,1]]

 

Constraints:

  • 0 <= key, value <= 10^6
  • At most 10^4 calls will be made to putget, and remove.

 

这道题让我们设计一个 HashMap 的数据结构,不能使用自带的哈希表,跟之前那道 Design HashSet 很类似,之前那道的两种解法在这里也是行得通的,既然题目中说了数字的范围不会超过 1000000,那么就申请这么大空间的数组,只需将数组的初始化值改为 -1 即可。空间足够大了,就可以直接建立映射,移除时就将映射值重置为 -1,由于默认值是 -1,所以获取映射值就可以直接去,参见代码如下:

 

解法一:

class MyHashMap {
public:
    MyHashMap() {
        data.resize(1e6 + 1, -1);
    }
    void put(int key, int value) {
        data[key] = value;
    }
    int get(int key) {
        return data[key];
    }
    void remove(int key) {
        data[key] = -1;
    }

private:
    vector<int> data;
};

 

我们可以来适度的优化一下空间复杂度,由于存入 HashMap 的映射对儿也许不会跨度很大,那么直接就申请长度为 1000000 的数组可能会有些浪费,其实可以使用 1000 个长度为 1000 的数组来代替,那么就要用个二维数组啦,实际上开始只申请了 1000 个空数组,对于每个要处理的元素,首先对 1000 取余,得到的值就当作哈希值,对应申请的那 1000 个空数组的位置,在建立映射时,一旦计算出了哈希值,将对应的空数组 resize 为长度 1000,然后根据哈希值和 key/1000 来确定具体的加入映射值的位置。获取映射值时,计算出哈希值,若对应的数组不为空,直接返回对应的位置上的值。移除映射值一样的,先计算出哈希值,如果对应的数组不为空的话,找到对应的位置并重置为 -1。参见代码如下:

 

解法二:

class MyHashMap {
public:
    MyHashMap() {
        data.resize(1001, vector<int>());
    }
    void put(int key, int value) {
        int hashKey = key % 1000;
        if (data[hashKey].empty()) {
            data[hashKey].resize(1001, -1);
        } 
        data[hashKey][key / 1000] = value;
    }
    int get(int key) {
        int hashKey = key % 1000;
        if (!data[hashKey].empty()) {
            return data[hashKey][key / 1000];
        } 
        return -1;
    }
    void remove(int key) {
        int hashKey = key % 1000;
        if (!data[hashKey].empty()) {
            data[hashKey][key / 1000] = -1;
        } 
    }

private:
    vector<vector<int>> data;
};

 

Github 同步地址:

https://github.com/grandyang/leetcode/issues/706

 

类似题目:

Design HashSet

 

参考资料:

https://leetcode.com/problems/design-hashmap

https://leetcode.com/problems/design-hashmap/discuss/152746/Java-Solution

https://leetcode.com/problems/design-hashmap/discuss/184764/Easy-C%2B%2B-Solution-beats-98.01(52-msec)-using-array-of-vectors

 

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posted @ 2018-11-17 05:43  Grandyang  阅读(7783)  评论(2编辑  收藏  举报
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