ansible使用手册

Connection methods and details — Ansible Community Documentation

1 build your inventory

1.1

The default location for this file is /etc/ansible/hosts. You can specify a different inventory file at the command line using the -i <path> option or in configuration using inventory.

mkdir -p /ansible_quickstart
# 建立一个ini格式的inventory
touch inventory.ini
cat inventory.ini
[myhosts]
172.31.18.222
​
# 或者创建一个yaml格式的inventory
touch inventory.yaml
cat inventory.yaml
myhosts:
  hosts:
    my_host_01:
      ansible_host: 172.31.18.222

1.2 Passing multiple inventory sources

ansible-playbook get_logs.yml -i staging -i production

1.3 Inventory aliases

In ini format

jumper ansible_port=5555 ansible_host=192.0.2.50

In yaml format

# ...
  hosts:
    jumper:
      ansible_port: 5555
      ansible_host: 192.0.2.50

 

2 Patterns: targeting hosts and groups

2.1 Using patterns

ansible <pattern> -m <module_name> -a "<module options>"
例子
ansible webservers -m service -a "name=httpd state=restarted"

In a playbook, the pattern is the content of the hosts: line for each play:

- name: <play_name>
  hosts: <pattern>
  
例子
- name: restart webservers
  hosts: webservers

 

2.2 常见模式

Description	Pattern(s)	Targets
All hosts	all (or *)
One host	host1
Multiple hosts	host1:host2 (or host1,host2)
One group	webservers
Multiple groups	webservers:dbservers	all hosts in webservers plus all hosts in dbservers
Excluding groups	webservers:!atlanta	all hosts in webservers except those in atlanta
Intersection of groups	webservers:&staging	any hosts in webservers that are also in staging

例子

webservers:dbservers:&staging:!phoenix

targets all machines in the groups ‘webservers’ and ‘dbservers’ that are also in the group ‘staging’, except for any machines in the group ‘phoenix’.