Python基础——创建虚拟环境

一、准备工具

1、python3.7、pip3.7安装

参考：https://www.cnblogs.com/gkhost/p/18595021

2、pip3更换源

# 永久设定pip3源
pip config set global.index-url https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/repository/pypi/simple
pip config set global.index-url http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/
pip config set global.index-url http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/pypi/simple

3、安装虚机环境包

# 手动指定pip3源
语法：pip3.7 install [包名] -i [pip源URL]
/usr/bin/pip3.7 install virtualenv -i https://pypi.python.org/simple/

4、查看源列表

(data02) [root@harbor data02]# pip config set global.index-url http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/
Writing to /root/.config/pip/pip.conf
(data02) [root@harbor data02]# pip config list
global.index-url='http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/'
(data02) [root@harbor data02]# pip config set global.index-url http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/pypi/simple
Writing to /root/.config/pip/pip.conf
(data02) [root@harbor data02]# pip config list
global.index-url='http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/pypi/simple'

二、安装虚拟环境目录venv3.7

1、指定python3.7版本创建虚拟环境

# 指定python3.7版本和使用当前系统三方库创建虚拟目录venv3.7
[root@harbor data02]# virtualenv -p /usr/bin/python3.7 --system-site-packages venv3.7
created virtual environment CPython3.7.9.final.0-64 in 121ms
  creator CPython3Posix(dest=/data02/venv3.7, clear=False, no_vcs_ignore=False, global=False)
  seeder FromAppData(download=False, pip=bundle, setuptools=bundle, wheel=bundle, via=copy, app_data_dir=/root/.local/share/virtualenv)
    added seed packages: pip==24.0, setuptools==68.0.0, wheel==0.42.0
  activators BashActivator,CShellActivator,FishActivator,NushellActivator,PowerShellActivator,PythonActivator

2、查看虚机环境目录venv3.7

[root@harbor data02]# ls -al
total 4
drwxr-xr-x   3 root root   21 Dec  9 14:39 .
dr-xr-xr-x. 22 root root 4096 Dec  9 14:05 ..
drwxr-xr-x   5 root root   77 Dec  9 14:30 venv3.7

3、进入和退出python3.7虚拟环境

# 进入创建的虚拟环境目录venv3.7

[root@harbor ~]# cd /data02/venv3.7/

# 切换到Python3.7虚拟环境
[root@harbor venv3.7]# source bin/activate
(venv3.7) [root@harbor venv3.7]# ls -al
total 8
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 77 Dec 9 14:30 .
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 21 Dec 9 14:39 ..
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 284 Dec 9 14:30 bin
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 40 Dec 9 14:30 .gitignore
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 23 Dec 9 14:30 lib
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 23 Dec 9 14:30 lib64
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 208 Dec 9 14:30 pyvenv.cfg

# 查看python版本
(venv3.7) [root@harbor venv3.7]# python3.7 --version
Python 3.7.9

# 查看pip版本
(venv3.7) [root@harbor venv3.7]# pip3.7 --version
pip 24.0 from /data02/venv3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pip (python 3.7)

# 查看虚拟环境安装的第三方库

(venv3.7) [root@harbor venv3.7]# pip list
Package Version
---------- -------
pip 24.0
setuptools 68.0.0
wheel 0.42.0
WARNING: The repository located at mirrors.cloud.tencent.com is not a trusted or secure host and is being ignored. If this repository is available via HTTPS we recommend you use HTTPS instead, otherwise you may silence this warning and allow it anyway with '--trusted-host mirrors.cloud.tencent.com'.

# 退出虚拟环境

(venv3.7) [root@harbor venv3.7]# deactivate
[root@harbor venv3.7]#

三、删除虚拟环境

(venv3.7) [root@harbor venv3.7]# deactivate
[root@harbor venv3.7]# ls -al
total 8
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root  77 Dec  9 14:50 .
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root  21 Dec  9 14:50 ..
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 284 Dec  9 14:50 bin
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  40 Dec  9 14:50 .gitignore
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root  23 Dec  9 14:50 lib
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root  23 Dec  9 14:50 lib64
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 207 Dec  9 14:50 pyvenv.cfg
[root@harbor venv3.7]# cd ..
[root@harbor data02]# ls
venv3.7
# 删除虚拟环境目录
[root@harbor data02]# rm -rf venv3.7/

参考

https://www.cnblogs.com/shyern/p/11284127.html
https://blog.csdn.net/lsdaini/article/details/140208376?spm=1001.2101.3001.6650.3&utm_medium=distribute.pc_relevant.none-task-blog-2%7Edefault%7Ebaidujs_baidulandingword%7ECtr-3-140208376-blog-126964330.235%5Ev43%5Epc_blog_bottom_relevance_base2&depth_1-utm_source=distribute.pc_relevant.none-task-blog-2%7Edefault%7Ebaidujs_baidulandingword%7ECtr-3-140208376-blog-126964330.235%5Ev43%5Epc_blog_bottom_relevance_base2&utm_relevant_index=6