工作中慢SQL集合

SELECT id,title,publish_time,img_url,IF(media="24htopnews", operator, media) as publisher,operator FROM `f_news` WHERE  `lan` IN ('ES-AR','ES-BO','ES-CL','ES-CO','ES-DO','ES-EC','ES-ES','ES-GT','ES-MX','ES-NI','ES-PA','ES-PE','ES-PY','ES-UY','ES-VE')  AND `tag` <> 'world_cup'  AND `publish_time` > '2026-08-11 20:58:14' ORDER BY `publish_time` DESC,`id` DESC LIMIT 0,5;

CREATE TABLE `f_news` (
  `id` int unsigned NOT NULL,
  `parent_id` int DEFAULT '0' COMMENT '父级id',
  `title` varchar(512) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci NOT NULL,
  `publisher` varchar(256) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci NOT NULL DEFAULT 'Vilykke' COMMENT '新闻发布商',
  `publish_time` datetime NOT NULL,
  `img_url` varchar(512) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci NOT NULL,
  `category` varchar(256) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci DEFAULT NULL,
  `news_url` varchar(512) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci DEFAULT NULL,
  `views` int NOT NULL DEFAULT '0' COMMENT '阅读量',
  `is_hot` tinyint unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '0' COMMENT '是否为热新闻 0:否 1:是',
  `content` text CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci COMMENT '带html标签的新闻内容',
  `width` int NOT NULL DEFAULT '0' COMMENT '图片宽度',
  `height` int NOT NULL DEFAULT '0' COMMENT '图片高度',
  `lan` varchar(16) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci NOT NULL COMMENT '语言',
  `operator` varchar(32) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '渠道信息',
  `media` varchar(64) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '媒体',
  `origin_category` varchar(32) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '原始分类',
  `tag` varchar(64) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '新闻标签,如英超、欧冠',
  `addtime` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
  KEY `title` (`title`),
  KEY `category` (`category`),
  KEY `lan` (`lan`),
  KEY `operator` (`operator`),
  KEY `media` (`media`),
  KEY `tag` (`tag`),
  KEY `publish_time` (`publish_time`),
  KEY `parent_id` (`parent_id`),
  KEY `news_url` (`news_url`),
  KEY `idx_news_publish_id_lan_tag` (`publish_time` DESC,`id` DESC,`lan`,`tag`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_unicode_ci;