WebApi返回类型设置为json的三种方法

web api写api接口时默认返回的是把你的对象序列化后以XML形式返回,那么怎样才能让其返回为json呢,下面就介绍两种方法: 
方法一:(改配置法) 


找到Global.asax文件,在Application_Start()方法中添加一句:

GlobalConfiguration.Configuration.Formatters.XmlFormatter.SupportedMediaTypes.Clear();

修改后:

protected void Application_Start() 
{ 
    AreaRegistration.RegisterAllAreas(); 
    WebApiConfig.Register(GlobalConfiguration.Configuration); 
    FilterConfig.RegisterGlobalFilters(GlobalFilters.Filters); 
    RouteConfig.RegisterRoutes(RouteTable.Routes); 
    // 使api返回为json 
    GlobalConfiguration.Configuration.Formatters.XmlFormatter.SupportedMediaTypes.Clear(); 
} 

这样返回的结果就都是json类型了,但有个不好的地方,如果返回的结果是String类型,如123,返回的json就会变成"123";


解决的方法是自定义返回类型(返回类型为HttpResponseMessage)

public HttpResponseMessage PostUserName(User user) 
{ 
    String userName = user.userName; 
    HttpResponseMessage result = new HttpResponseMessage { Content = new     StringContent(userName,Encoding.GetEncoding("UTF-8"), "application/json") }; 
    return result; 
} 

方法二:(万金油法) 

方法一中又要改配置,又要处理返回值为String类型的json,甚是麻烦,不如就不用web 
api中的的自动序列化对象,自己序列化后再返回

public HttpResponseMessage PostUser(User user) 
{ 
    JavaScriptSerializer serializer = new JavaScriptSerializer(); 
    string str = serializer.Serialize(user); 
    HttpResponseMessage result = new HttpResponseMessage { Content = new StringContent(str, Encoding.GetEncoding("UTF-8"), "application/json") }; 
    return result; 
} 

方法二是我比较推荐的方法,为了不在每个接口中都反复写那几句代码,所以就封装为一个方法这样使用就方便多了。

public static HttpResponseMessage toJson(Object obj) 
{ 
    String str; 
    if (obj is String ||obj is Char) 
    { 
        str = obj.ToString(); 
    } 
    else 
    { 
        JavaScriptSerializer serializer = new JavaScriptSerializer(); 
        str = serializer.Serialize(obj); 
    } 
    HttpResponseMessage result = new HttpResponseMessage { Content = new StringContent(str, Encoding.GetEncoding("UTF-8"), "application/json") }; 
    return result; 
}   

方法三:(最麻烦的方法) 

方法一最简单,但杀伤力太大,所有的返回的xml格式都会被毙掉,那么方法三就可以只让api接口中毙掉xml,返回json 

先写一个处理返回的类:

public class JsonContentNegotiator : IContentNegotiator 
{ 
    private readonly JsonMediaTypeFormatter _jsonFormatter; 

    public JsonContentNegotiator(JsonMediaTypeFormatter formatter) 
    { 
        _jsonFormatter = formatter; 
    } 

    public ContentNegotiationResult Negotiate(Type type, HttpRequestMessage request, IEnumerable<MediaTypeFormatter> formatters) 
    { 
        var result = new ContentNegotiationResult(_jsonFormatter, new  MediaTypeHeaderValue("application/json")); 
        return result; 
    } 
} 

找到App_Start中的WebApiConfig.cs文件,打开找到Register(HttpConfiguration config)方法 

添加以下代码:

var jsonFormatter = new JsonMediaTypeFormatter(); 
config.Services.Replace(typeof(IContentNegotiator), new JsonContentNegotiator(jsonFormatter)); 

添加后代码如下:

public static void Register(HttpConfiguration config) 
{ 
    config.Routes.MapHttpRoute( 
        name: "DefaultApi", 
        routeTemplate: "api/{controller}/{action}/{id}", 
        defaults: new { id = RouteParameter.Optional } 
    ); 
    var jsonFormatter = new JsonMediaTypeFormatter(); 
    config.Services.Replace(typeof(IContentNegotiator), new  JsonContentNegotiator(jsonFormatter)); 
} 

方法三如果返回的结果是String类型,如123,返回的json就会变成"123",解决方法同方法一。 

其实WebApi会自动把返回的对象转为xml和json两种格式并存的形式,方法一与方法三是毙掉了xml的返回,而方法二是自定义返回。

posted @ 2017-06-09 15:26  黄者之风  阅读(374)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报