Linux下命令故障集结
一. 文件和目录类
- File exist 文件已经存在
- No such file or directory 没有这个文件或目录(这个东西不存在)
- command not found 命令找不到(没有这个命令)
- invalid option 无效的参数(不可用的参数)
- overwrite 覆盖
- remove regular empty file 是否删除普通文件(空的)?
- is a directory xxx是一个目录
- descend into directory 是否进入目录
- Invalid level 无效的层数,层数必须大于0
- Can't open file for writing 无法打开这个文件
- No write since last change
- xx column window is too narrow 窗口只有xx列太窄了 无法完全显示
- xxx not a directory 不是一个目录
- 查看压缩包的时候报错
- You have mail in /var/spool/mail/root
- permission denied
- Warning: Changing a readonly file
- 'readonly' option is set (add ! to override)
二. 网络连接类
- 远程连接错误 Connection Failed 连接失败
- yum安装软件故障提示 Could not resolve host无法解析主机
- yum安装软件提示:Nothing to do (没事做)
- 没有找到叫treea的软件包
- Name or service not known 域名无法识别(无法上网）
三. 修改系统基础配置类
- 重启网卡报错 device not present
- 修改主机名过程中,命令行中主机名没有变化
- hostname命令修改主机名（临时 重启服务器之后失效）
- 命令行中的主机名部分没有改变？
四. 用户相关错误
- user 'oldboy' already exists
- no such user
- Only root can do that.
- Only root can specify a user name.
一. 文件和目录类
1. File exist 文件已经存在
[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# mkdir /data /lidao
[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# mkdir /data /lidao
mkdir: cannot create directory ‘/data’: File exists
mkdir: cannot create directory ‘/lidao’: File exists
mkdir: cannot create directory ‘/lidao’: File exists
无法 创建 目录 因为这个目录已经存在
2. No such file or directory 没有这个文件或目录(这个东西不存在)
没有这个目录:文件或路径书写错误
[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# mkdir /oldboy
[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# cd oldboy
-bash: cd: oldboy: No such file or directory
mkdir命令本身问题:mkdir 命令默认只能创建1层目录 创建多层报错
-p解决
[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# mkdir /data/oldboy/lidao/
mkdir: cannot create directory ‘/data/oldboy/lidao/’: No such file or directory
touch命令只能创建文件,目录不存在则会报错
解决:先创建目录,再创建文件
[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# ls /oldboy/
oldboy.txt
[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# touch /oldboy/lidao/alex/oldboy.txt
touch: cannot touch ‘/oldboy/lidao/alex/oldboy.txt’: No such file or directory
排错思路:
1.ls命令检查对应的目录是否存在?
2.目录不存在 先创建目录在创建文件/
find命令与|xargs ll 错误
|xargs后面不支持别名
[root@kangxu ~]# find /oldboy -name "*.txt" -type f |xargs ll
xargs: ll: No such file or directory
3. command not found 命令找不到(没有这个命令)
[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# mkdiy
-bash: mkdiy: command not found
1.书写错误
2.没有安装
4. invalid option 无效的参数(不可用的参数)
[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# touch -p /oldboy/oldboy.txt
touch: invalid option -- 'p'
Try 'touch --help' for more information.
5. overwrite 覆盖
cp复制如果已经存在这个文件会提示是否覆盖
[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# cp /oldboy/oldboy.txt /tmp/
cp: overwrite ‘/tmp/oldboy.txt’?
6.remove regular empty file 是否删除普通文件(空的)?
[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# rm /oldboy/oldboy.txt
rm: remove regular empty file ‘/oldboy/oldboy.txt’?
7. is a directory xxx是一个目录
rm默认无法删除目录
解决:加上-r 或-rf
[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# rm /data/
rm: cannot remove ‘/data/’: Is a directory
vi命令中 使用vi编辑目录也会报错
"/oldboy"
E502: "/oldboy" is a directory
Press ENTER or type command to continue
8. descend into directory 是否进入目录
[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# rm -r /data/
rm: descend into directory ‘/data/’? y
rm: remove regular empty file ‘/data/oldboy01.txt’? n
rm: remove regular empty file ‘/data/oldboy02.txt’? n
rm: remove regular empty file ‘/data/oldboy03.txt’? n
rm: remove regular empty file ‘/data/oldboy04.txt’? n
rm: remove regular empty file ‘/data/oldboy05.txt’? n
rm: remove regular empty file ‘/data/oldboy06.txt’? n
rm: remove regular empty file ‘/data/oldboy07.txt’? n
rm: remove regular empty file ‘/data/oldboy08.txt’? n
rm: remove regular empty file ‘/data/oldboy09.txt’? n
rm: remove regular empty file ‘/data/oldboy10.txt’? n
rm: remove directory ‘/data/’? n
9. Invalid level 无效的层数,层数必须大于0
注意参数位置
[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# tree -L -F 2 /
tree: Invalid level, must be greater than 0.
10. Can't open file for writing 无法打开这个文件
vi中 如果目录不存在就会提示
"/oldbyo/oldboy.txt"
"/oldbyo/oldboy.txt" E212: Can't open file for writing
Press ENTER or type command to continue
如果你对这个文件没有权限 也会提示
11.No write since last change
E37: No write since last change (add ! to override)
粘包赖(你修改了内容就无法使用:q退出 需要使用:q!
12. xx column window is too narrow 窗口只有xx列太窄了 无法完全显示
这是w的坑 空间太小施展不开.
[root@oldboyedu60-lnb ~]# w
w: 39 column window is too narrow
13. xxx not a directory 不是一个目录
背景:创建文件的时候多了一个空格
[root@ssdz ~]# touch /oldboy /oldboy.txt #此处要创建/oldboy/oldboy.txt 多个个空格 创建了2个文件 /oldboy和/oldboy.txt
[root@ssdz ~]# ls -l /oldboy/ #系统认为oldboy是个目录 所以报错
ls: cannot access /oldboy/: Not a directory
[root@ssdz ~]# touch /oldboy/oldboy.txt
touch: cannot touch ‘/oldboy/oldboy.txt’: Not a directory
[root@ssdz ~]# ls -l /oldboy
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Apr 9 15:23 /oldboy
14.查看压缩包的时候报错
注意是否有特殊中文符号导致的。
[root@oldboy59 tmp]# tar ztf /tmp/etc.tar.gz
tar (child): \200\202\200\202\200\202\200\202/tmp/etc.tar.gz: Cannot open: No such file or directory
tar (child): Error is not recoverable: exiting now
tar: Child returned status 2
tar: Error is not recoverable: exiting now
15. You have mail in /var/spool/mail/root
你在这个文件/var/spool/mail/root 中有一个新邮件
16. permission denied
权限拒绝
17. W10: Warning: Changing a readonly file
使用vim的时候显示的
表示：正在修改只读文件
解决:1.查看对文件是否有rw权限
2.如果是root用户可以修改后强制保存退出(:wq!)
18.no properly formatted MD5 checksum lines found
在使用md5sum -c (检查的时候）
md5指纹信息文件中，格式不对
第1列是md5 信息 第2列文件名
解决:查看MD5文件内容是否正确
检查的命令是否正确 md5sum -c oldboy.md5
md5sum: /oldboy/mtime/access_2019-04-01.txt: no properly formatted MD5 checksum lines found
19. E45: 'readonly' option is set (add ! to override)
通过vi/vim 编辑文件保存的时候(:wq) 提示
这个文件只读，:wq! 强制保存退出
二. 网络连接类
1. 远程连接错误 Connection Failed 连接失败
使用Xshell远程连接失败提示,检查端口是否开启或正确
[c:\~]$
Connecting to 10.0.0.200:233...
Could not connect to '10.0.0.200' (port 233): Connection failed.
Type `help' to learn how to use Xshell prompt.
使用telnet测试端口是否打开
[c:\~]$ telnet 10.0.0.200 233
Connecting to 10.0.0.200:233...
Could not connect to '10.0.0.200' (port 233): Connection failed. #233端口没有开启
Type `help' to learn how to use Xshell prompt.
端口开启
[c:\~]$ telnet 10.0.0.200 22
Connecting to 10.0.0.200:22...
Connection established. #端口开启
To escape to local shell, press 'Ctrl+Alt+]'.
SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_7.4
Protocol mismatch.
Connection closed by foreign host.
Disconnected from remote host(10.0.0.200:22) at 12:22:54.
Type `help' to learn how to use Xshell prompt.
[c:\~]$
2. yum安装软件故障提示 Could not resolve host无法解析主机
Could not resolve host无法解析主机
主要是系统能否上网和DNS问题.
http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos/7.6.1810/updates/x86_64/repodata/repomd.xml: [Errno 14] curl#6 -
"Could not resolve host: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn; Unknown error"
Trying other mirror.
3.yum安装软件提示:Nothing to do (没事做)
有两种情况:
情况1:软件已经安装并且最新如下:
Package tree-1.6.0-10.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
tree软件包已经安装并且是最新版本
Package 2:vim-enhanced-7.4.160-5.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package 1:bash-completion-2.1-6.el7.noarch already installed and latest version
Nothing to do
情况2:软件名字写错或没有配置yum源导致找不到这个软件包
[root@oldboyedu60-lnb ~]# yum install treea -y
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirror.lzu.edu.cn
* extras: mirrors.nwsuaf.edu.cn
* updates: mirrors.nwsuaf.edu.cn
base | 3.6 kB 00:00:00
extras | 3.4 kB 00:00:00
updates | 3.4 kB 00:00:00
No package treea available.
#没有找到叫treea的软件包
Error: Nothing to do
情况3:你需要安装软件包而不是软件包里面的命令
通过yum provides 查看命令属于哪个软件包
[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# yum install -y locate
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Determining fastest mirrors
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
base | 3.6 kB 00:00:00
extras | 3.4 kB 00:00:00
updates | 3.4 kB 00:00:00
(1/2): extras/7/x86_64/primary_db | 187 kB 00:00:02
(2/2): updates/7/x86_64/primary_db | 3.4 MB 00:00:04
No package locate available.
Error: Nothing to do
[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# yum provides locate
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
base/7/x86_64/filelists_db | 7.1 MB 00:00:03
extras/7/x86_64/filelists_db | 236 kB 00:00:00
updates/7/x86_64/filelists_db | 2.7 MB 00:00:01
mlocate-0.26-8.el7.x86_64 : An utility for finding files by name
Repo : base
Matched from:
Filename : /usr/bin/locate\
[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# yum install -y mlocate
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package mlocate.x86_64 0:0.26-8.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
=========================================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
=========================================================================================================================
Installing:
mlocate x86_64