计算机网络
计算机网络涉及了大量名词,而整个计算机这门学科的知识都源于英语。如TCP,全称为Transmission Control Protocol,翻译为传输控制协议。从中文便可看出它是一个传输层的起到控制作用的一个协议。但单看TCP三个字母却啥也看不出,它又不叫传控协。现在彻底理解了为什么各前辈大牛都推荐使用英文教材,想必语言问题也是原因之一。
先整理一下遇到过的名词:
ARP: Address Resolution Protocol, 广播,通过IP地址获取MAC地址的一个TCP/IP协议
DNS: Domain Name System
HTTP: Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
IP: Internet Protocol
IGMP: Internet Group Management Protocol, allows several devices to share one IP address so they can all receive the same data
NFS: Network File System
PDU: Protocol Data Unit, [TCP segment of a reassembled PDU]意思是上层HTTP被分片为多个TCP,此为其中之一
RTO: Retentive Timer
Socket: A network socket is a software structure within a network node of a computer network that serves as an endpoint for sending and receiving data across the network. (Socket Adress: the combination of protocol type, IP address, and port number)
SSDP: Simple Service Discovery Protocol, 用于发现局域网里的设备和服务
SSL: Secure Sockets Layer, 用于web浏览器与web服务器安全传输,已被TLS替代
TCP: Transmission Control Protocol
ACK: Acknowledge FIN: Finish PSH: Push, 传输数据 RST: Reset, (比如A与B通信,A突然重启后还会收到B的信息,A不知道是谁的信息,会发一个RST) SYN: Synchronize Sequence Numbers, 请求握手
三次握手:SYN, SYN+ACK, ACK
1.A->B:packets 2.B->A:ACK (lost) 3. A->B: same packets after RTO
[TCP Plain Retransmission]: capture on A
[TCP Spurious Retransmission]: capture on B
TLS: Transport Layer Security, cryptographic, 浏览器、电子邮件、即时通信等
UDP: User Data Protocol, 无连接的传输协议,DNS常用

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