华容道有37,946,880个局面

上图大将4竖1横。五个长条中选k个横放,C(5,0)+...+C(5,5)=2**5 (尚未处理)。
盘4x5=20. 有两个空,它们的位置有C(20,2)=190种,这可不是局面的总数,因为没有考虑块的大小,移动时不能把曹老板驷马分尸。
分(图)层和分类。2x2x1曹, 2x1x1关, 1x2x4张等, 1x1x4卒。每类占据一层。
先穷举每类在它的图层上有多少种摆法,结果如下:
- 2x2x1 12
- 2x1x1 15
- 1x2x4 21264
- 1x1x4 116,280
然后搜索4层。把4层的bitmask or起来,如果有遮挡,就会有不止两个空(0),1的个数就不是18,用_mm_popcnt_u32数1的个数。
12*15*21264*116280/1e8≈4451亿,可裁剪掉很多:int popcnt[4] = { 4, 6, 14, 18 }; 符合条件才搜下一层。
g++ -msse4.2 -O3, Intel N100, 11.363秒。
容易改成12线程,每个线程处理一个曹老板(的位置)。像〔八皇后 〕一样可不用锁。
用法:
- a.out 1 2 4 为1x2x4型生成数据124.dat
- a.out 1 2 print layers[1][2]
- a.out 搜索
分层避免了些重复计算?没想明白对称性问题。
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdint.h> #include <string.h> #include <nmmintrin.h> typedef unsigned uint; FILE* open_file (int w, int h, int n, const char* mode) { char fn[256]; sprintf(fn, "%d%d%d.dat", w, h, n); return fopen(fn, mode); } struct LayerAry { uint* ary; int len; operator uint* () { return ary; } void load (int w, int h, int n) { FILE* fp = open_file(w, h, n, "rb"); fseek(fp, 0, SEEK_END); ary = new uint[len = ftell(fp) / 4]; fseek(fp, 0, SEEK_SET); fread(ary, 4, len, fp); fclose(fp); printf("%d%d%d %d\n", w, h, n, len); } ~LayerAry () { delete[] ary; } }; struct GetLayer { uint b[5][4], w, h; FILE* fp; GetLayer(int ww, int hh, int n) : w(ww), h(hh) { fp = open_file(w, h, n, "wb"); memset(b, 0, sizeof(b)); search(n); fclose(fp); } void print() { for (int y = 0; y < 5; y++) { for (int x = 0; x < 4; x++) putchar(b[y][x] ? '*' : '.'); puts(""); } } void save() { uint bits = 0; for (int y = 0; y < 5; y++) { for (int x = 0; x < 4; x++) bits |= b[y][x] << (y * 4 + x); } fwrite(&bits, 4, 1, fp); } bool put(int x, int y) { if (x + w > 4 || y + h > 5) return false; for (int yy = y; yy < y + h; yy++) for (int xx = x; xx < x + w; xx++) if (b[yy][xx]) return false; for (int yy = y; yy < y + h; yy++) for (int xx = x; xx < x + w; xx++) b[yy][xx] = 1; return true; } void unput(int x, int y) { for (int yy = y; yy < y + h; yy++) for (int xx = x; xx < x + w; xx++) b[yy][xx] = 0; } void search (int n) { for (int y = 0; y < 5; y++) for (int x = 0; x < 4; x++) { if (!put(x, y)) continue; if (n == 1) save(); else search(n - 1); unput(x, y); } } }; void print (uint bits) { printf("%05x%3d\n", bits, _mm_popcnt_u32(bits)); for (int y = 0; y < 5; y++) { for (int x = 0; x < 4; x++) putchar(bits & (1 << (y * 4 + x)) ? '*' : '.'); puts(""); } } LayerAry las[4]; uint64_t valid; void search (int idx, uint bits) { static const int popcnt[4] = { 4, 6, 14, 18 }; for (int i = 0; i < las[idx].len; i++) { uint b = bits | las[idx][i]; if (_mm_popcnt_u32(b) != popcnt[idx]) continue; if (idx < 3) { search(idx + 1, b); continue; } if ((valid++ & 0xffffff) == 0) printf("%lld\n", valid); } } int main (int argc, char** argv) { if (argc == 4) { GetLayer gm(atoi(argv[1]), atoi(argv[2]), atoi(argv[3])); return 0; } las[0].load(2,2,1); las[1].load(2,1,1); las[2].load(1,2,4); las[3].load(1,1,4); if (argc == 3) { print(las[atoi(argv[1])][atoi(argv[2])]); return 0; } search(0, 0); printf("\n\n%d\n", valid); return 0; }

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