compute, ACM

• compute [Origin: computare, from com- + putare 'to think'] calculate a result, answer, sum etc
• calculate [Origin: 过去分词 of calculare, from calculus 'stone used in counting'] 不要鄙视计算器，calculus: 微积分。

The ACM Computing Curricula 2005 and 2020 defined "computing" as follows: In a general way, we can define computing to mean any goal-oriented activity requiring, benefiting from, or creating computers. Thus, computing includes designing and building hardware and software systems for a wide range of purposes; processing, structuring, and managing various kinds of information; doing scientific studies using computers; making computer systems behave intelligently; creating and using communications and entertainment media; finding and gathering information relevant to any particular purpose, and so on. The list is virtually endless, and the possibilities are vast.

curricula是curriculum [课程]的复数。Your CV is a brief written account of your personal details, your education, and the jobs you have had. You can send a CV when you are applying for a job. CV is an abbreviation for 'curriculum vitae'. (mainly British; in America, use résumé /rezu'mei/). 拉丁语的vitae(差不多)是生活的意思。vital [Origin: Latin vitalis 'of life', from vita 'life']. “生猛海鲜”的“生”不是“熟”的反义，是“死”的反义。

The Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) is a US-based international learned society for computing. It was founded in 1947, and is the world's largest scientific and educational computing society [社团]. Its motto is "Advancing Computing as a Science & Profession". ACM is organized into over 171 local chapters [the local members of a large organization] and 37 Special Interest Groups (SIGs), through which it conducts most of its activities. Additionally, there are over 500 college and university chapters.

ACM publishes over 50 journals including the prestigious Journal of the ACM, and two general magazines for computer professionals, Communications of the ACM (also known as Communications or CACM) and Queue.

In addition to student and regular members, ACM has several advanced membership grades to recognize those with multiple years of membership and "demonstrated performance that sets them apart from their peers". The number of Fellows, Distinguished Members, and Senior Members cannot exceed 1%, 10%, and 25% of the total number of professional members, respectively.

The ACM Fellows Program was established by Council of the Association for Computing Machinery in 1993 "to recognize and honor outstanding ACM members for their achievements in computer science and information technology and for their significant contributions to the mission of the ACM." There are 1310 Fellows as of 2020 out of about 100,000 members.

ACM and its Special Interest Groups (SIGs) sponsors numerous conferences with 170 hosted worldwide in 2017. Most of the SIGs also have an annual conference. ACM conferences are often very popular publishing venues and are therefore very competitive. For example, the 2007 SIGGRAPH conference attracted about 30000 visitors, and CIKM only accepted 15% of the long papers that were submitted in 2005.

The ACM presents or co–presents a number of awards for outstanding technical and professional achievements and contributions in computer science and information technology.

ACM also defines seven sub-disciplines of the computing field:

• Computer engineering
• Computer science
• Cybersecurity
• Data science
• Information systems
• Information technology
• Software engineering

The term "computing" has sometimes been narrowly defined, as in a 1989 ACM report on Computing as a Discipline: The discipline [学科] of computing is the systematic study of algorithmic processes that describe and transform information: their theory, analysis, design, efficiency, implementation, and application. The fundamental question underlying all computing is "What can be (efficiently) automated?"

The term "computing" is also synonymous with counting and calculating. In earlier times, it was used in reference to the action performed by mechanical computing machines, and before that, to human computers.

六级/考研单词: compute, curriculum, thereby, hardware, intellect, entertain, medium, innumerable, educate, abbreviation, conduct, prestige, journal, regulate, multiple, peer, fellow, respective, mission, sponsor, conference, seldom, venue, data, implement, underlie, automate, synonym