macro

macro来自希腊语的makro-，意思是'long'。它作为构词成分有两个意思：

• large; large-scale
• large and concerning a whole system rather than particular parts of it

The macroscopic scale is the length scale on which objects or phenomena are large enough to be visible with the naked eye, without magnifying optical instruments. It is the opposite of microscopic. Macro photography (or photomacrography or macrography, and sometimes macrophotography) is extreme close-up photography, usually of very small subjects and living organisms like insects, in which the size of the subject in the photograph is greater than life size (though macrophotography also refers to the art of making very large photographs). By the original definition, a macro photograph is one in which the size of the subject on the negative [(胶卷)底片; 负片] or image sensor is life size or greater. In some senses, however, it refers to a finished photograph of a subject that is greater than life size. 135胶卷/全画幅的大小是36x24mm, 5寸照片是12.7x9cm.

Macroeconomics [宏观经济学] is a branch of economics dealing with performance, structure, behavior, and decision-making of an economy as a whole. For example, using interest rates, taxes, and government spending to regulate an economy's growth and stability. This includes regional, national, and global economies.

小的放大，大的缩小，结果都是to be visible with the naked eye.

Macrobiotic foods [=wholefood] are culinary dishes prepared with pure whole foods. This principle in food preparation is based on Traditional Chinese Medicine or TCM. A macrobiotic lifestyle emphasizes not just a plant-based vegan diet but practices including scheduled eating, taking a walk every day, and sitting down and enjoying your meals.

IT说的macro是macroinstruction的简称。因为"Macroeconomics"译作“宏观经济学”，所以"macro"译作“宏”。

In the mid-1950s, when assembly language programming was commonly used to write programs for digital computers, the use of macro instructions was initiated for two main purposes: to reduce the amount of program coding that had to be written by generating several assembly language statements from one macro instruction and to enforce program writing standards, e.g. specifying input/output commands in standard ways.

下面是个x86汇编的例子：

%macro write_string 2
  mov eax, 4
  mov ebx, 1
  mov ecx, %1
  mov edx, %2
  int 80h
%endmacro  ; 宏write_string有5条指令，2个参数
write_string msg1, len1
write_string msg2, len2
write_string msg3, len3 ; 展开/替换3处后，有15条指令。如果80h要换81h，改一个地方即可。非inline函数只有一份代码，调用它和它返回时有开销。

宏可能很long，而且我们(起码在调用它时)把它看作whole。

从汇编推广：A macro is a rule or pattern that specifies how a certain input should be mapped to a replacement output. Applying a macro to an input is macro expansion. Character macros are supported in software applications to make it easy to invoke common command sequences, 比如键盘和鼠标宏。“一键登录”可以说是更上层的宏。 Token and tree macros are supported in some programming languages to enable code reuse or to extend the language, sometimes for domain-specific languages.

Languages such as C and some assembly languages have rudimentary [basic] macro systems, implemented as preprocessors to the compiler or assembler. C preprocessor macros work by simple textual substitution at the token, rather than the character level. However, the macro facilities of more sophisticated assemblers, e.g., IBM High Level Assembler can't be implemented with a preprocessor [预处理器]; the code for assembling instructions and data is interspersed with the code for assembling macro invocations.

m4 is a sophisticated stand-alone macro processor. troff and nroff are for typesetting and formatting Unix manpages.

man是manual的缩写。以前内存很贵。An 8.3 filename is a filename convention used by old versions of DOS and versions of Microsoft Windows prior to Windows 95 and Windows NT 3.5，被苹果嘲笑过：When Windows 95 arrived, Apple mocked it with a full-page ad in The Wall Street Journal reading, "C:\ONGRTLNS.W95" — a dig [挖苦] at Microsoft's long-running DOS system. (Congratulations, Windows 95)

六级/考研单词: naked, magnify, organism, insect, medicare, regulate, nationwide, globe, assemble, digit, compute, instruct, initiate, enforce, hardware, token, implement, substitute, data, manual, convention, mock, journal, dig, congratulate