bumper

In broadcasting, a bumper is a short transitional segment. Bumper music, or a bump, is a term used in the radio broadcasting industry to refer to short clips of list of signature songs or theme music used to buffer transitions between programming elements, typically lasting no longer than fifteen seconds. Bumper music is commonly employed when a syndicated program takes a break for local station identification or "goes to a radio advertisement."

1980年7月7日，中国气象局与中央电视台合作，《新闻联播天气预报》（以下简称天气预报）节目正式开播，自此开启了我国电视气象服务的先河。很多人以为《天气预报》片尾曲是《渔舟唱晚》，其实不全是。1984年，电子琴演奏家浦琪璋将《潜海姑娘》和传统民乐《渔舟唱晚》两首乐曲改编成一段新的音乐。随后，中央电视台从中选取了其中一段，作为《天气预报》节目的背景音乐。《潜海姑娘》是纪录片《潜海姑娘》的主题音乐，作者王立平在创作时第一次大胆地运用了电声乐器。《渔舟唱晚》是创作于上世纪30年代的古筝曲，曲名源自唐代诗人王勃《滕王阁序》中“渔舟唱晚，响穷彭蠡之滨。雁阵惊寒，声断衡阳之浦。”一句。「彭蠡，泽名，在彭泽县西北。」彭蠡péng lǐ，鄱阳湖的又一名称。彭泽县隶属于江西省九江市，位于江西省最北部，赣皖两省交界处。滕王阁位于江西省南昌市东湖区，地处赣江东岸。彭泽距南昌203公里，衡阳距南昌498.12公里。

李廷彦献《百咏诗》于一上官，其间有句云“舍弟江南没，家兄塞北亡。”上官衋xì然伤之，曰：“不意君家凶祸，重并如是。”廷彦遽jù起自解曰：“实无此事，但图属对亲切耳。”

A buffer stop, bumper, bumping post, bumper block or stopblock (US), is a device to prevent railway vehicles from going past the end of a physical section of track.

Accidents

• 24 July 2001 – ScotRail commuter train hits the buffers as it pulls into Edinburgh Waverley injuring seven people.
• 26 October 2006 – Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia – a Star LRT train goes through buffer stops at the end of a stabling area (turnback perhaps) and ends up dangling over street. The train appears to have been empty of passengers.
• 21 December 2009 – Zagreb, Croatia [克罗地亚。1991年南斯拉夫解体成5个国家：南联盟(塞尔维亚和黑山)、斯洛文尼亚、克罗地亚、波黑、马其顿。2003年南联盟更名为塞尔维亚和黑山，简称塞黑。2006年黑山独立。] – commuter train number 5100 from Sisak Caprag crashes into the platform bumper. The cause was antifreeze fluid in the locomotive's braking system which had frozen because of the extremely low outside temperature (−22 °C or −7.6 °F). Luckily, the speed of the train was only between 15 and 20 km/h (9.3 and 12.4 mph). 60 people from the train (including train's engineer) were injured, 7 of them seriously. There were no injuries among people on the platform. The engineer leaned out of the cab window to warn people on the platform that his brakes had failed and that the train would crash at the end of the platform.
• 25 July 2010 – Stavoren railway station, the Netherlands – A maintenance train collided with a buffer stop at the single-track terminus station. The train rammed a small shop, passed through it and stopped at the square behind it. Only two people were injured, out of four people on the train. The accident happened late at night, when passenger services had already finished. The cause is being investigated.
• 1 January 2011 – Malmö, Sweden – An X 2000 train reverses into the buffer stop. The last car telescopes over the power unit. The driver was the only person on board the train. He sustained minor injuries.
• 2 March 2011 – San Francisco 4th and King Street Station, San Francisco, California – A Caltrain commuter train failed to stop before hitting the buffer stop. Multiple minor injuries were reported.
• 8 May 2011 – Hoboken Terminal, New Jersey – A Port Authority Trans-Hudson rapid transit train crashes into a bumper. At least 34 were injured, none critically. The collision was attributed to driver error and lack of an on-board speed control system.
• 22 February 2012 – Buenos Aires, Argentina – a commuter train collided with buffer stops at a train station in Buenos Aires during the morning rush hour. The accident killed 51 people and injured more than 700 in Argentina's worst rail accident in 30 years. The buffer stops do not absorb energy.
• 15 January 2013 – Saltsjöbaden, Sweden – A train parked with the train control lever at "Full throttle" was set in motion when a cleaner closed the door on a four-car EMU commuter train in Neglinge depot. It reached 80 km/h and demolished a buffer stop at Saltsjöbaden station before crashing into a small apartment block about 25 m beyond the end of the track, badly injuring the cleaning lady.
• 31 January 2013 – Brisbane, Australia – A train failed to stop at the end of the line at Cleveland railway station. The train overshot the buffer stop and ran into station building. A number of people were treated for minor injuries.
• 15 April 2013 – Wellington, New Zealand – A Matangi EMU fails to stop at the Melling Railway Station and collides with the buffer stop. No injuries reported.
• In November 2013, a Class 221 Virgin Train overran the buffers at Chester. Minor injuries occurred, with one man being taken to hospital for checks.
• 24 March 2014 – Chicago, Illinois – A Chicago Transit Authority passenger train overran the bumper at O'Hare Subway Station, with the front car of the eight-car train partially ascending an escalator. 32 people were injured in the incident.
• 20 March 2015 – Uttar Pradesh, India – The Dehradun-Varanasi Janata Express derailed near Bachhrawan, resulting in at least fifty-eight deaths and 150 people being injured. The driver reported by radio that the brakes on the train had failed, and that he could not stop the train. It was diverted into a siding and crashed through the buffers at Bachhrawan.
• 26 April 2015 – Cairo, Egypt – A Cairo Metro train crashed into the buffer stop and derailed at Abbassia station on line 3, the train crashed while it was coming out of maintenance on a branch line and going back to the main rail, the driver sustained injuries with no injuries among the passengers.
• 28 June 2015 – Mumbai, India – A local train crashed into a buffer on platform no. 3 of Churchgate station in Mumbai. 6 people were injured in the accident. The hydraulic buffer used to slow the impact did not function and the train overshot the platform.
• 17 September 2015 – London, England – A Thameslink train crashed into a buffer at King's Cross station on platform 11 at 12.18. The train had been pulling into the station at low speed when the train hit the buffer. Five people were treated for minor injuries & two were taken to hospital.
• 9 April 2016 – Karlstad, Sweden – A chartered train reverses into the buffer at Karlstad Central Station on platform 20 at 14:50. The last car of the train telescoped over the buffer, stopping a few meters short of a nearby convenience store. No passengers were aboard the train during the accident but one staff member was treated for minor injuries.
• 29 September 2016 – Hoboken, New Jersey The cab car of a NJ Transit Pascack Valley Line commuter train entering Hoboken Terminal overran the buffer block on track five at 8:45 am. The train continued across the low-level passenger concourse connecting the platforms and slammed into a wall of the terminal building, causing serious structural damage. One person was killed and more than 100 were injured.
• 28 July 2017 – Barcelona, Spain – A train failed to stop at Francia station and hit the buffers. The accident happened at 07:15 (05:15 GMT) after the train had travelled from the village of Sant Vicenç de Calders, some 60 km (37 miles) to Barcelona's south-west. 54 people were reported injured.
• 22 January 2018 – Sydney, Australia – 16 people were injured after a train hit a buffer stop at the end of the rail line at Richmond railway station in Western Sydney. The accident occurred at around 10:00 am.

六级/考研单词: podcast, bumper, segment, clip, buffer, transition, syndicate, railroad, physics, commute, injure, crash, fluid, locomotive, brake, freeze, lean, cab, collide, investigate, reverse, telescope, sustain, march, multiple, terminal, rapid, transit, attribute, lever, depot, virgin, subway, ascend, escalate, derail, divert, metro, charter, meter, nearby, aboard, workforce, slam