bomb

A bomb is an explosive weapon that uses the exothermic reaction of an explosive material to provide an extremely sudden and violent release of energy. Detonations inflict damage principally through ground- and atmosphere-transmitted mechanical stress, the impact and penetration of pressure-driven projectiles, pressure damage, and explosion-generated effects. Bombs have been utilized since the 11th century starting in East Asia. 炸弹是一种爆炸性武器，它利用爆炸性物质的放热反应提供极其突然和剧烈的能量释放。爆炸主要通过地面和大气传输的机械应力、压力驱动的射弹的冲击和穿透、压力损伤和爆炸产生的效应造成损害。从11世纪开始，炸弹就在东亚被使用。

Explosive bombs were used in East Asia in 1221, by a Jurchen Jin army against a Song city. Bombs built using bamboo tubes appear in the 11th century. Bombs made of cast iron shells packed with explosive gunpowder date to 13th century China. The term was coined for this bomb (i.e. "thunder-crash bomb") during a Jin dynasty (1115–1234) naval battle of 1231 against the Mongols. 1221年，女真金军在东亚对宋军城池使用了爆炸性炸弹。使用竹管制造的炸弹出现在11世纪。由铸铁外壳和explosive gunpowder制成的炸弹可以追溯到13世纪的中国。这个词是在金朝（1115-1234）1231年与蒙古人的一场海战中，为这种炸弹（即“雷霆撞击炸弹”）创造的。

A nuclear weapon (also called an atom bomb, nuke, atomic bomb, nuclear warhead, A-bomb, or nuclear bomb) is an explosive device that derives its destructive force from nuclear reactions, either fission (fission bomb) or from a combination of fission and fusion reactions (thermonuclear bomb). 核武器（也称原子弹、核弹、原子弹、核弹头、原子弹或核弹）是一种爆炸装置，其破坏力来自核反应，或者裂变（裂变弹），或者裂变和聚变反应的组合（热核弹）。

Deng Jiaxian was born in Huining, Anhui province on June 25, 1924. He entered the Physics Department of the Southwest Associated University in 1941. After graduation in 1945, he taught successively in Wenzheng Middle School and Peiwen Middle School of Kunming and the Physics Department of Peking University.

In 1948, Deng was admitted to the Graduate School of Purdue University in the United States and received a doctorate in physics two years later. Nine days after he got his doctoral degree, he stepped onto the ship back to China and became a research fellow of Institute of Modern Physics in Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) under the leadership of Qian Sanqiang. He started his creative nuclear theoretical research in cooperation with Yu Min.

In October 1958, together with many other scientists, Deng was assigned to the research work of atomic bombs. At first, they were prepared to receive training by experts from the former Soviet Union. Soon after, however, the Soviet Union tore up its agreement with China and withdrew its experts. Deng had to lead the team of 28 members at an average age of 23 to march toward the mysterious atomic kingdom...

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六级/考研单词: explode, gradual, inflict, utilize, bamboo, parcel, powder, dynasty, atom, derive, fusion, province, physics, graduate, unite, fellow, academy, cooperate, assign, expertise, march