bed

Most modern beds consist of a soft, cushioned mattress on a bed frame, the mattress resting either on a solid base, often wood slats, or a sprung base. Many beds include a box spring inner-sprung base, which is a large mattress-sized box containing wood and springs that provide additional support and suspension for the mattress. 大多数现代床由床架上的柔软软垫床垫组成，床垫要么放在坚实的底座上，通常是木板条，要么是弹簧底座。许多床都有一个弹簧盒内弹簧底座，这是一个大的床垫大小的盒子，里面装有木材和弹簧，为床垫提供额外的支撑和悬挂。

Beds are available in many sizes, ranging from infant-sized bassinets and cribs, to small beds for a single person or adult, to large queen and king-size beds designed for two people. 床有多种尺寸，从婴儿大小的摇篮和婴儿床，到单人或成人小床，再到双人大号和特大号床。

While most beds are single mattresses on a fixed frame, there are other varieties, such as the murphy bed, which folds into a wall, the sofa bed, which folds out of a sofa, and the bunk bed, which provides two mattresses on two tiers as well as a ladder to get to the upper tier. Temporary beds include the inflatable air mattress and the folding camp cot. Some beds contain neither a padded mattress nor a bed frame, such as the hammock. 虽然大多数床都是固定框架上的单张床垫，但也有其他种类的床，比如墨菲床（可折叠成墙）、沙发床（可折叠出沙发）和双层床（可提供两层两张床垫以及通往上层的梯子）。临时床包括充气气垫床和折叠露营床。有些床既没有软垫床垫，也没有床架，比如吊床。

Beds may have a headboard for resting against, and may have side rails and footboards (or "footers"). "Headboard only" beds may incorporate a "dust ruffle", "bed skirt", or "valance sheet" to hide the bed frame. To support the head, a pillow made of a soft, padded material is usually placed on the top of the mattress. 床上可能有床头板，可以靠在床头板上休息，也可能有侧栏杆和踏板（或“脚”）。“仅床头板”床可能包含“防尘褶边”、“床裙”或“帷幔床单”，以隐藏床架。为了支撑头部，通常在床垫顶部放置一个柔软的软垫材料制成的枕头。

Some form of covering blanket is often used to insulate the sleeper, often bed sheets, a quilt, or a duvet, collectively referred to as bedding. Bedding is the removable non-furniture portion of a bed, which enables these components to be washed or aired out. 某种形式的覆盖毯通常用于隔离睡眠者，通常是床单、被子或羽绒被，统称为床上用品。床上用品是床上可拆卸的非家具部分，可以清洗或晾干这些部件。

Medieval Europeans lay on the floor on beds of leaves covered with skins, or in a kind of shallow chest filled with leaves and moss. In the early Middle Ages they laid carpets on the floor or on a bench against the wall, placed upon them mattresses stuffed with feathers, wool, or hair, and used skins as a covering. Curtains were hung from the ceiling or from an iron arm projecting from the wall. They appear to have generally lain naked in bed, wrapping themselves in large linen sheets which were stretched over the cushions. 中世纪的欧洲人躺在地上，铺着树叶，上面覆盖着皮子，或者躺在一个装满树叶和苔藓的浅箱子里。在中世纪早期，他们把地毯铺在地板上或靠墙的长凳上，把填充着羽毛、羊毛或毛发的床垫放在上面，并用皮子作为覆盖物。窗帘挂在天花板上或从墙上伸出的铁臂上。他们似乎通常赤身裸体地躺在床上，用宽大的亚麻布床单包裹着自己，床单铺在垫子上。

六级/考研单词: cushion, seldom, suspend, fold, sofa, ladder, pad, skirt, pillow, blanket, insulate, portion, component, medieval, shallow, wool, naked, wrap, linen