beef

Most beef skeletal muscle meat can be used as is by merely cutting into certain parts, such as roasts, short ribs or steak (filet mignon, sirloin steak, rump steak, rib steak, rib eye steak, hanger steak, etc.), while other cuts are processed (corned beef or beef jerky). 大多数牛肉骨骼肌肉只需切成某些部分即可使用，例如烤肉、短肋骨或牛排（菲力牛排、牛里脊牛排、臀牛排、肋骨牛排、肋眼牛排、挂肉牛排等），而其他部分则经过加工（腌牛肉或牛肉干）。

Trimmings, on the other hand, which are usually mixed with meat from older, leaner (therefore tougher) cattle, are ground, minced or used in sausages. The blood is used in some varieties called blood sausage. 另一方面，切屑通常与更老、更瘦（因此更硬）的牛的肉混合，磨碎、切碎或用于香肠。血液被用于一些被称为血肠的品种中。

Other parts that are eaten include other muscles and offal, such as the oxtail, liver, tongue, tripe from the reticulum or rumen, glands (particularly the pancreas and thymus, referred to as sweetbread), the heart, the brain (although forbidden where there is a danger of bovine spongiform encephalopathy, BSE, commonly referred to as mad cow disease), the kidneys, and the tender testicles of the bull (known in the United States as calf fries, prairie oysters, or Rocky Mountain oysters). 食用的其他部分包括其他肌肉和内脏，如牛尾、肝脏、舌头、网状胃或瘤胃的牛肚、腺体（尤其是胰腺和胸腺，称为甜面包）、心脏、，牛的大脑（尽管在有牛海绵状脑病（BSE，通常被称为疯牛病）危险的地方被禁止）、肾脏和嫩睾丸（在美国被称为小牛薯条、草原牡蛎或落基山牡蛎）。谁说老外不吃下水？

Some intestines are cooked and eaten as is, but are more often cleaned and used as natural sausage casings. The bones are used for making beef stock. Meat from younger cows (calves) is called veal. 有些肠子是煮熟的，按原样食用，但更多的时候是清洁的，用作天然的香肠肠衣。这些骨头是用来做牛肉汤的。来自年轻母牛（小牛）的肉被称为小牛肉。

Corned beef is salt-cured brisket of beef. The term comes from the treatment of the meat with large-grained rock salt, also called "corns" of salt. Sometimes, sugar and spices are also added to corned beef recipes. Corned beef is featured as an ingredient in many cuisines. 腌牛肉是用盐腌制的牛肉胸肉。这个术语来自于用大颗粒岩盐处理肉类，也被称为盐的corns。有时，糖和香料也被添加到腌牛肉食谱中。腌牛肉是许多菜肴的特色配料。The word corn derives from Old English and is used to describe any small, hard particles or grains. [大粒盐、粗盐]

Excessive consumption of red processed meat is known to increase the risk of bowel cancer and some other cancers. 已知过量食用红色加工肉类会增加患肠癌和其他一些癌症的风险。出处：

• "Bowel cancer risk factors". Cancer Research UK. 17 December 2013. Retrieved 12 September 2016.
• American Institute for Cancer Research (2007). Food, Nutrition, Physical Activity, and the Prevention of Cancer: a Global Perspective. p. 116. ISBN 978-0-9722522-2-5.
• Xue XJ, Gao Q, Qiao JH, Zhang J, Xu CP, Liu J (2014). "Red and processed meat consumption and the risk of lung cancer: a dose-response meta-analysis of 33 published studies". Int J Clin Exp Med (Meta-analysis). 7 (6): 1542–53. PMC 4100964. PMID 25035778.

The Harvard School of Public Health recommends consumers eat red meat sparingly as it has high levels of saturated fat. Another study, however, from The Harvard School of Public Health appearing in Circulation (journal) found "Consumption of processed meats, but not red meats, is associated with higher incidence of coronary heart disease and diabetes mellitus." 哈佛大学公共卫生学院建议消费者少吃红肉，因为它的饱和脂肪含量很高。然而，哈佛大学公共卫生学院发表在《循环》（期刊）上的另一项研究发现，“食用加工过的肉类，而不是红肉，与较高的冠心病和糖尿病发病率有关。”

"Where's the beef?" is a catchphrase in the United States and Canada, introduced as a slogan for the fast food chain Wendy's in 1984. Since then it has become an all-purpose phrase questioning the substance of an idea, event, or product.