battalion

A battalion is a military unit. The use of the term "battalion" varies by nationality and branch of service. Typically a battalion consists of 300 to 1000 soldiers and is divided into a number of companies [连]. A battalion is typically commanded by a lieutenant colonel. In some countries, the word "battalion" is associated exclusively with the infantry, while in others it is a term used generally to refer to unit-level organizations.

The term was first used in Italian as battaglione no later than the 16th century. It derived from the Italian word for battle, battaglia. The first use of battalion in English was in the 1580s, and the first use to mean "part of a regiment [团]" is from 1708.

A battalion in the Indian Army consists of four rifle companies. In turn each rifle company consists three platoons. A battalion in the Indian Army is commanded by a colonel. Normally a battalion is attached to a regiment. A regiment may consist of one to a few battalions.

A battalion is the smallest military unit capable of "limited independent operations".

In the United States Army, a battalion is a unit composed of a headquarters and two to six batteries [炮兵连], companies [步兵连], or troops [装甲连]. They are normally identified by ordinal numbers (1st Battalion, 2nd Squadron [装甲连], etc.) and normally have subordinate units that are identified by single letters (Battery A, Company A, Troop A, etc.). Battalions are tactical and administrative organizations with a limited capability to plan and conduct independent operations and are normally organic components of brigades, groups, or regiments.

In United States Army units, a Headquarters and Headquarters Company (HHC) is a company-sized military unit, found at the battalion level and higher. While a regular line company is formed of three or four platoons [排], an HHC is made up of the headquarters staff and headquarters support personnel of a battalion, brigade [旅], division [师], or higher level unit. The typical personnel strength of an average HHC is 80 to 110.

The United States Army [陆军] (USA) is the land service branch of the United States Armed Forces. USA也是United States of America的缩写。In the fiscal year 2020, the projected [推断] end [tip/point] strength {end user} for the Regular Army (USA) was 480,893 soldiers; the Army National Guard (ARNG) had 336,129 soldiers and the U.S. Army Reserve [预备役] (USAR) had 188,703 soldiers; the combined-component strength of the U.S. Army was 1,005,725 soldiers.

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