A Child's History of England.139

Of course, nothing came of all these fine doings but a speedy renewal of the war between England and France, in which the two Royal companions and brothers in arms longed very earnestly to damage one another. But, before it broke out again, the Duke of Buckingham was shamefully executed on Tower Hill, on the evidence [证词] of a discharged [遣散的] servant - really for nothing, except the folly [愚蠢] of having believed in a friar of the name of Hopkins, who had pretended to be a prophet, and who had mumbled and jumbled [混杂] out some nonsense about the Duke's son being destined to be very great in the land. It was believed that the unfortunate Duke had given offence to the great Cardinal by expressing his mind freely about the expense and absurdity of the whole business of the Field of the Cloth of Gold. At any rate [in any case], he was beheaded, as I have said, for nothing. And the people who saw it done were very angry, and cried out that it was the work of 'the butcher's son!'

The new war was a short one, though the Earl of Surrey invaded France again, and did some injury to that country. It ended in another treaty of peace between the two kingdoms, and in the discovery that the Emperor of Germany was not such a good friend to England in reality, as he pretended to be. Neither did he keep his promise to Wolsey to make him Pope, though the King urged him. Two Popes died in pretty quick succession; but the foreign priests were too much [difficult] for the Cardinal, and kept him out of the post [职位]. So the Cardinal and King together found out that the Emperor of Germany was not a man to keep faith with; broke off a projected [计划中的] marriage between the King's daughter Mary, Princess of Wales, and that sovereign; and began to consider whether it might not be well to marry the young lady, either to Francis himself, or to his eldest son.

There now arose at Wittemberg, in Germany, the great leader of the mighty change in England which is called The Reformation, and which set the people free from their slavery to the priests. This was a learned Doctor, named Martin Luther, who knew all about them, for he had been a priest, and even a monk, himself. The preaching and writing of Wickliffe had set a number of men thinking on this subject; and Luther, finding one day to his great surprise, that there really was a book called the New Testament which the priests did not allow to be read, and which contained truths that they suppressed, began to be very vigorous against the whole body, from the Pope downward. It happened, while he was yet only beginning his vast work of awakening the nation, that an impudent [粗鲁的] fellow named Tetzel, a friar of very bad character, came into his neighbourhood selling what were called Indulgences [赎罪券], by wholesale, to raise money for beautifying the great Cathedral of St. Peter's, at Rome. Whoever bought an Indulgence of the Pope was supposed to buy himself off from the punishment of Heaven for his offences. Luther told the people that these Indulgences were worthless bits of paper, before God, and that Tetzel and his masters were a crew of impostors in selling them.

Martin Luther: 路德; The Reformation: 宗教改革。Martin Luther King: 马丁·路德·金。John Wickliffe (约翰·威克里夫)首先把圣经翻译成英文。

The King and the Cardinal were mightily [very] indignant at this presumption [放肆]; and the King (with the help of Sir Thomas More, a wise man, whom he afterwards repaid by striking off his head) even wrote a book about it, with which the Pope was so well pleased that he gave the King the title of Defender of the Faith. The King and the Cardinal also issued flaming warnings to the people not to read Luther's books, on pain of excommunication [逐出教会]. But they did read them for all [in spite of] that; and the rumour of what was in them spread far and wide.

托马斯·莫尔(1478年2月7日-1535年7月6日), 欧洲早期空想社会主义学说的创始人，著有《乌托邦》。

六级/考研单词: renew, companion, earnest, shame, execute, discharge, nonsense, destiny, offend, cardinal, expense, absurd, invade, injure, treaty, emperor, priest, princess, sovereign, elder, reform, slave, preach, suppress, vigor, upward, fellow, indulge, wholesale, cathedral, punish, crew, indignant, wise, repay, issue, flame, rumor