A Child's History of England.69

Scotland had a strong will of its own yet, however. King Edward, determined that the Scottish King should not forget he was his vassal, summoned him repeatedly to come and defend himself and his judges before the English Parliament when appeals from the decisions of Scottish courts of justice were being heard. At length [at last], John Baliol, who had no great heart of his own, had so much heart put into him by the brave spirit of the Scottish people, who took this as a national insult, that he refused to come any more. Thereupon [as the result], the King further required him to help him in his war abroad (which was then in progress), and to give up, as security [抵押] for his good behaviour in future, the three strong Scottish Castles of Jedburgh, Roxburgh, and Berwick. Nothing of this being done; on the contrary, the Scottish people concealing their King among their mountains in the Highlands and showing a determination to resist; Edward marched to Berwick with an army of thirty thousand foot, and four thousand horse; took the Castle, and slew {slay-slew-slain} its whole garrison, and the inhabitants of the town as well - men, women, and children. Lord Warrenne, Earl of Surrey, then went on to the Castle of Dunbar, before which a battle was fought, and the whole Scottish army defeated with great slaughter. The victory being complete, the Earl of Surrey was left as guardian of Scotland; the principal offices in that kingdom were given to Englishmen; the more powerful Scottish Nobles were obliged to come and live in England; the Scottish crown and sceptre [权杖] were brought away; and even the old stone chair was carried off and placed in Westminster Abbey, where you may see it now [大英博物馆里东西更多]. Baliol had the Tower of London lent him for a residence, with permission to range about within a circle of twenty miles. Three years afterwards he was allowed to go to Normandy, where he had estates, and where he passed the remaining six years of his life: far more happily, I dare say, than he had lived for a long while in angry Scotland.

Now, there was, in the West of Scotland, a gentleman of small fortune, named William Wallace, the second son of a Scottish knight. He was a man of great size and great strength; he was very brave and daring; when he spoke to a body of his countrymen, he could rouse [唤醒] them in a wonderful manner by the power of his burning words; he loved Scotland dearly, and he hated England with his utmost might. The domineering conduct of the English who now held the places of trust [托管地] in Scotland made them as intolerable to the proud Scottish people as they had been, under similar circumstances, to the Welsh; and no man in all Scotland regarded them with so much smothered [闷] rage as William Wallace. One day, an Englishman [执政的] in office, little knowing what he was, affronted him. Wallace instantly struck him dead, and taking refuge among the rocks and hills, and there joining with his countryman, Sir William Douglas, who was also in arms against King Edward, became the most resolute {resolution:决心} and undaunted {daunt:使气馁} champion [斗士] of a people struggling for their independence that ever lived upon the earth.

"The National Trust Scotland’s 129 Scottish properties - which include over 15 historic houses, 10 castles and a palace - remain extremely popular with tourists."

《勇敢的心》是派拉蒙影业公司出品的战争片，由梅尔·吉布森执导，梅尔·吉布森、苏菲·玛索、凯瑟琳·麦克马克等主演。

The English Guardian of the Kingdom fled before him, and, thus encouraged, the Scottish people revolted everywhere, and fell upon [attack, 扑向] the English without mercy. The Earl of Surrey, by the King's commands, raised all the power of the Border-counties, and two English armies poured into Scotland. Only one Chief, in the face of those armies, stood by [支持] Wallace, who, with a force of forty thousand men, awaited the invaders at a place on the river Forth, within two miles of Stirling. Across the river there was only one poor wooden bridge, called the bridge of Kildean - so narrow, that but two men could cross it abreast. With his eyes upon this bridge, Wallace posted [部署] the greater part of his men among some rising grounds, and waited calmly. When the English army came up on the opposite bank of the river, messengers were sent forward to offer terms. Wallace sent them back with a defiance, in the name of the freedom of Scotland. Some of the officers of the Earl of Surrey in command of the English, with their eyes also on the bridge, advised him to be discreet and not hasty. He, however, urged to immediate battle by some other officers, and particularly by Cressingham, King Edward's treasurer, and a rash man, gave the word of command to advance. One thousand English crossed the bridge, two abreast; the Scottish troops were as motionless as stone images. Two thousand English crossed; three thousand, four thousand, five. Not a feather, all this time, had been seen to stir among the Scottish bonnets [苏格兰无檐圆帽]. Now, they all fluttered [乱动]. 'Forward, one party [群组团队], to the foot of the Bridge!' cried Wallace, 'and let no more English cross! The rest, down with me on the five thousand who have come over, and cut them all to pieces!' It was done, in the sight of the whole remainder of the English army, who could give no help. Cressingham himself was killed, and the Scotch made whips for their horses of his skin.

六级/考研单词: summon, parliament, nationwide, insult, farther, contrary, conceal, march, inhabit, slaughter, headmaster, potent, noble, oblige, reside, dare, knight, rouse, utmost, conduct, rage, refuge, resolve, struggle, flee, thereby, revolt, mercy, await, invade, abreast, defy, advice, discreet, treasury, rash, flutter, whip

《孙子·行军篇》说：“客绝水而来，勿迎之于水内，令半济而击之，利。”
田穰苴一直等到燕军渡河差不多的时候; 突然大量齐军战车开始发动猛烈的攻击。
自命仁义之师，不肯乘人之危的宋襄公
韩信引军半渡击龙且，佯不胜，还走。龙且笑道：“吾固知信怯也！”亲率大军渡河追击汉军，韩信“使人决壅囊，水大至，龙且军太半不得渡”