反射-如何将程序集加载到仅反射上下文中
1
只反射加载上下文使您能够检查为其他平台或 .NET Framework 的其他版本编译的程序集。加载到此上下文中的代码只能检查,不能执行。这意味着无法创建对象,因为无法执行构造函数。因为该代码无法执行,所以不会自动加载依赖项。如果需要对依赖项进行检查,则必须自行加载。
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将程序集加载到只反射加载上下文中
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使用 ReflectionOnlyLoad(String) 方法重载可加载给定了显示名称的程序集,而使用 ReflectionOnlyLoadFrom 方法可加载给定了路径的程序集。如果该程序集为二进制文件映像,则使用 ReflectionOnlyLoad(array<Byte>[]()[]) 方法重载。
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注意:
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您不能使用只反射上下文从非执行上下文中的 .NET Framework 版本加载 mscorlib.dll 版本。
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如果该程序集具有依赖项,ReflectionOnlyLoad 方法不会加载这些依赖项。如果需要对依赖项进行检查,则必须自行加载。
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使用程序集的 ReflectionOnly 属性确定是否将该程序集加载到了只反射上下文中。
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如果向该程序集或程序集中的类型应用了属性,则应通过使用 CustomAttributeData 类检查这些属性,以确保未尝试在只反射上下文中执行代码。使用 CustomAttributeData..::.GetCustomAttributes 方法的适当重载可获取表示应用于程序集、成员、模块或参数的属性的 CustomAttributeData 对象。
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注意:
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应用于该程序集或其内容的属性可能是在该程序集中定义的,也可能是在加载到只反射上下文中的另一个程序集中定义的。无法事先知道这些属性是在何处定义的。
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示例
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下面的代码示例演示如何检查应用于加载到只反射上下文中的程序集的属性。
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该代码示例定义了一个带有两个构造函数和一个属性 (Property) 的自定义属性 (Attribute)。该属性可应用于程序集、在该程序集中声明的类型、该类型的方法以及该方法的参数。在执行时,该程序集将其本身加载到只反射上下文中,并显示应用到它及它包含的类型和成员的自定义属性的有关信息。
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25
注意:
26
为简化该代码示例,该程序集自行完成加载和检查操作。通常情况下,不要在执行上下文和只反射上下文中加载同一程序集。
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Visual Basic 复制代码
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Imports System
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Imports System.Reflection
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Imports System.Collections.Generic
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Imports System.Collections.ObjectModel
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' The example attribute is applied to the assembly.
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<Assembly:Example(ExampleKind.ThirdKind, Note:="This is a note on the assembly.")>
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' An enumeration used by the ExampleAttribute class.
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Public Enum ExampleKind
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FirstKind
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SecondKind
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ThirdKind
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FourthKind
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End Enum
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' An example attribute. The attribute can be applied to all
47
' targets, from assemblies to parameters.
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'
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<AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.All)> _
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Public Class ExampleAttribute
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Inherits Attribute
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' Data for properties.
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Private kindValue As ExampleKind
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Private noteValue As String
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Private arrayStrings() As String
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Private arrayNumbers() As Integer
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' Constructors. The parameterless constructor (.ctor) calls
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' the constructor that specifies ExampleKind and an array of
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' strings, and supplies the default values.
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'
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Public Sub New(ByVal initKind As ExampleKind, ByVal initStrings() As String)
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kindValue = initKind
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arrayStrings = initStrings
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End Sub
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Public Sub New(ByVal initKind As ExampleKind)
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Me.New(initKind, Nothing)
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End Sub
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Public Sub New()
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Me.New(ExampleKind.FirstKind, Nothing)
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End Sub
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' Properties. The Note and Numbers properties must be read/write, so they
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' can be used as named parameters.
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'
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Public ReadOnly Property Kind As ExampleKind
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Get
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Return kindValue
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End Get
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End Property
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Public ReadOnly Property Strings As String()
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Get
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Return arrayStrings
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End Get
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End Property
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Public Property Note As String
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Get
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Return noteValue
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End Get
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Set
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noteValue = value
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End Set
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End Property
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Public Property Numbers As Integer()
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Get
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Return arrayNumbers
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End Get
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Set
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arrayNumbers = value
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End Set
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End Property
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End Class
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' The example attribute is applied to the test class.
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'
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<Example(ExampleKind.SecondKind, _
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New String() { "String array argument, line 1", _
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"String array argument, line 2", _
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"String array argument, line 3" }, _
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Note := "This is a note on the class.", _
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Numbers := New Integer() { 53, 57, 59 })> _
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Public Class Test
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' The example attribute is applied to a method, using the
115
' parameterless constructor and supplying a named argument.
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' The attribute is also applied to the method parameter.
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'
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<Example(Note:="This is a note on a method.")> _
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Public Sub TestMethod(<Example()> ByVal arg As Object)
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End Sub
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' Sub Main gets objects representing the assembly, the test
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' type, the test method, and the method parameter. Custom
124
' attribute data is displayed for each of these.
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'
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Public Shared Sub Main()
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Dim asm As [Assembly] = Assembly.ReflectionOnlyLoad("source")
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Dim t As Type = asm.GetType("Test")
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Dim m As MethodInfo = t.GetMethod("TestMethod")
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Dim p() As ParameterInfo = m.GetParameters()
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Console.WriteLine(vbCrLf & "Attributes for assembly: {0}", asm)
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ShowAttributeData(CustomAttributeData.GetCustomAttributes(asm))
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Console.WriteLine(vbCrLf & "Attributes for type: {0}", t)
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ShowAttributeData(CustomAttributeData.GetCustomAttributes(t))
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Console.WriteLine(vbCrLf & "Attributes for member: {0}", m)
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ShowAttributeData(CustomAttributeData.GetCustomAttributes(m))
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Console.WriteLine(vbCrLf & "Attributes for parameter: {0}", p)
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ShowAttributeData(CustomAttributeData.GetCustomAttributes(p(0)))
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End Sub
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Private Shared Sub ShowAttributeData( _
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ByVal attributes As IList(Of CustomAttributeData))
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For Each cad As CustomAttributeData _
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In CType(attributes, IEnumerable(Of CustomAttributeData))
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Console.WriteLine(" {0}", cad)
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Console.WriteLine(" Constructor: {0}", cad.Constructor)
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Console.WriteLine(" Constructor arguments:")
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For Each cata As CustomAttributeTypedArgument _
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In CType(cad.ConstructorArguments, IEnumerable(Of CustomAttributeTypedArgument))
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ShowValueOrArray(cata)
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Next
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Console.WriteLine(" Named arguments:")
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For Each cana As CustomAttributeNamedArgument _
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In CType(cad.NamedArguments, IEnumerable(Of CustomAttributeNamedArgument))
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Console.WriteLine(" MemberInfo: {0}", _
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cana.MemberInfo)
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ShowValueOrArray(cana.TypedValue)
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Next
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Next
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End Sub
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Private Shared Sub ShowValueOrArray(ByVal cata As CustomAttributeTypedArgument)
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If cata.Value.GetType() Is GetType(ReadOnlyCollection(Of CustomAttributeTypedArgument)) Then
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Console.WriteLine(" Array of {0}:", cata.ArgumentType)
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For Each cataElement As CustomAttributeTypedArgument In cata.Value
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Console.WriteLine(" Type: {0} Value: {1}", _
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cataElement.ArgumentType, cataElement.Value)
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Next
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Else
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Console.WriteLine(" Type: {0} Value: {1}", _
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cata.ArgumentType, cata.Value)
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End If
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End Sub
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End Class
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' This code example produces output similar to the following:
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'
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'Attributes for assembly: source, Version=0.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null
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' [ExampleAttribute((ExampleKind)2, Note = "This is a note on the assembly.")]
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' Constructor: Void .ctor(ExampleKind)
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' Constructor arguments:
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' Type: ExampleKind Value: 2
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' Named arguments:
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' MemberInfo: System.String Note
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' Type: System.String Value: This is a note on the assembly.
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' [System.Runtime.CompilerServices.CompilationRelaxationsAttribute((Int32)8)]
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' Constructor: Void .ctor(Int32)
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' Constructor arguments:
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' Type: System.Int32 Value: 8
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' Named arguments:
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'
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'Attributes for type: Test
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' [ExampleAttribute((ExampleKind)1, new String[3] { "String array argument, line 1", "String array argument, line 2", "String array argument, line 3" }, Note = "This is a note on the class.", Numbers = new Int32[3] { 53, 57, 59 })]
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' Constructor: Void .ctor(ExampleKind, System.String[])
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' Constructor arguments:
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' Type: ExampleKind Value: 1
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' Array of System.String[]:
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' Type: System.String Value: String array argument, line 1
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' Type: System.String Value: String array argument, line 2
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' Type: System.String Value: String array argument, line 3
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' Named arguments:
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' MemberInfo: System.String Note
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' Type: System.String Value: This is a note on the class.
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' MemberInfo: Int32[] Numbers
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' Array of System.Int32[]:
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' Type: System.Int32 Value: 53
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' Type: System.Int32 Value: 57
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' Type: System.Int32 Value: 59
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'
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'Attributes for member: Void TestMethod(System.Object)
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' [ExampleAttribute(Note = "This is a note on a method.")]
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' Constructor: Void .ctor()
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' Constructor arguments:
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' Named arguments:
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' MemberInfo: System.String Note
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' Type: System.String Value: This is a note on a method.
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'
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'Attributes for parameter: System.Object arg
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' [ExampleAttribute()]
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' Constructor: Void .ctor()
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' Constructor arguments:
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' Named arguments:
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C# 复制代码
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using System;
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using System.Reflection;
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using System.Collections.Generic;
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using System.Collections.ObjectModel;
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// The example attribute is applied to the assembly.
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[assembly:Example(ExampleKind.ThirdKind, Note="This is a note on the assembly.")]
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// An enumeration used by the ExampleAttribute class.
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public enum ExampleKind
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{
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FirstKind,
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SecondKind,
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ThirdKind,
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FourthKind
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};
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// An example attribute. The attribute can be applied to all
253
// targets, from assemblies to parameters.
254
//
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[AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.All)]
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public class ExampleAttribute : Attribute
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{
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// Data for properties.
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private ExampleKind kindValue;
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private string noteValue;
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private string[] arrayStrings;
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private int[] arrayNumbers;
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// Constructors. The parameterless constructor (.ctor) calls
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// the constructor that specifies ExampleKind and an array of
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// strings, and supplies the default values.
267
//
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public ExampleAttribute(ExampleKind initKind, string[] initStrings)
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{
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kindValue = initKind;
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arrayStrings = initStrings;
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}
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public ExampleAttribute(ExampleKind initKind) : this(initKind, null) {}
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public ExampleAttribute() : this(ExampleKind.FirstKind, null) {}
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// Properties. The Note and Numbers properties must be read/write, so they
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// can be used as named parameters.
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//
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public ExampleKind Kind { get { return kindValue; }}
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public string[] Strings { get { return arrayStrings; }}
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public string Note
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{
283
get { return noteValue; }
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set { noteValue = value; }
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}
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public int[] Numbers
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{
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get { return arrayNumbers; }
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set { arrayNumbers = value; }
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}
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}
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// The example attribute is applied to the test class.
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//
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[Example(ExampleKind.SecondKind,
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new string[] { "String array argument, line 1",
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"String array argument, line 2",
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"String array argument, line 3" },
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Note="This is a note on the class.",
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Numbers = new int[] { 53, 57, 59 })]
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public class Test
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{
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// The example attribute is applied to a method, using the
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// parameterless constructor and supplying a named argument.
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// The attribute is also applied to the method parameter.
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//
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[Example(Note="This is a note on a method.")]
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public void TestMethod([Example] object arg) { }
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// Main() gets objects representing the assembly, the test
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// type, the test method, and the method parameter. Custom
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// attribute data is displayed for each of these.
313
//
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public static void Main()
315
{
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Assembly asm = Assembly.ReflectionOnlyLoad("Source");
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Type t = asm.GetType("Test");
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MethodInfo m = t.GetMethod("TestMethod");
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ParameterInfo[] p = m.GetParameters();
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Console.WriteLine("\r\nAttributes for assembly: {0}", asm);
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ShowAttributeData(CustomAttributeData.GetCustomAttributes(asm));
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Console.WriteLine("\r\nAttributes for type: {0}", t);
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ShowAttributeData(CustomAttributeData.GetCustomAttributes(t));
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Console.WriteLine("\r\nAttributes for member: {0}", m);
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ShowAttributeData(CustomAttributeData.GetCustomAttributes(m));
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Console.WriteLine("\r\nAttributes for parameter: {0}", p);
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ShowAttributeData(CustomAttributeData.GetCustomAttributes(p[0]));
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}
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private static void ShowAttributeData(
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IList<CustomAttributeData> attributes)
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{
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foreach( CustomAttributeData cad in attributes )
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{
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Console.WriteLine(" {0}", cad);
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Console.WriteLine(" Constructor: {0}", cad.Constructor);
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Console.WriteLine(" Constructor arguments:");
340
foreach( CustomAttributeTypedArgument cata
341
in cad.ConstructorArguments )
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{
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ShowValueOrArray(cata);
344
}
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Console.WriteLine(" Named arguments:");
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foreach( CustomAttributeNamedArgument cana
348
in cad.NamedArguments )
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{
350
Console.WriteLine(" MemberInfo: {0}",
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cana.MemberInfo);
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ShowValueOrArray(cana.TypedValue);
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}
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}
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}
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private static void ShowValueOrArray(CustomAttributeTypedArgument cata)
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{
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if (cata.Value.GetType() == typeof(ReadOnlyCollection<CustomAttributeTypedArgument>))
360
{
361
Console.WriteLine(" Array of {0}:", cata.ArgumentType);
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foreach (CustomAttributeTypedArgument cataElement in
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(ReadOnlyCollection<CustomAttributeTypedArgument>) cata.Value)
365
{
366
Console.WriteLine(" Type: {0} Value: {1}",
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cataElement.ArgumentType, cataElement.Value);
368
}
369
}
370
else
371
{
372
Console.WriteLine(" Type: {0} Value: {1}",
373
cata.ArgumentType, cata.Value);
374
}
375
}
376
}
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/* This code example produces output similar to the following:
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Attributes for assembly: source, Version=0.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null
381
[ExampleAttribute((ExampleKind)2, Note = "This is a note on the assembly.")]
382
Constructor: Void .ctor(ExampleKind)
383
Constructor arguments:
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Type: ExampleKind Value: 2
385
Named arguments:
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MemberInfo: System.String Note
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Type: System.String Value: This is a note on the assembly.
388
[System.Runtime.CompilerServices.CompilationRelaxationsAttribute((Int32)8)]
389
Constructor: Void .ctor(Int32)
390
Constructor arguments:
391
Type: System.Int32 Value: 8
392
Named arguments:
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Attributes for type: Test
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[ExampleAttribute((ExampleKind)1, new String[3] { "String array argument, line 1", "String array argument, line 2", "String array argument, line 3" }, Note = "This is a note on the class.", Numbers = new Int32[3] { 53, 57, 59 })]
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Constructor: Void .ctor(ExampleKind, System.String[])
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Constructor arguments:
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Type: ExampleKind Value: 1
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Array of System.String[]:
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Type: System.String Value: String array argument, line 1
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Type: System.String Value: String array argument, line 2
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Type: System.String Value: String array argument, line 3
403
Named arguments:
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MemberInfo: System.String Note
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Type: System.String Value: This is a note on the class.
406
MemberInfo: Int32[] Numbers
407
Array of System.Int32[]:
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Type: System.Int32 Value: 53
409
Type: System.Int32 Value: 57
410
Type: System.Int32 Value: 59
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Attributes for member: Void TestMethod(System.Object)
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[ExampleAttribute(Note = "This is a note on a method.")]
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Constructor: Void .ctor()
415
Constructor arguments:
416
Named arguments:
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MemberInfo: System.String Note
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Type: System.String Value: This is a note on a method.
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Attributes for parameter: System.Object arg
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[ExampleAttribute()]
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Constructor: Void .ctor()
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Constructor arguments:
424
Named arguments:
425
*/
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只反射加载上下文使您能够检查为其他平台或 .NET Framework 的其他版本编译的程序集。加载到此上下文中的代码只能检查,不能执行。这意味着无法创建对象,因为无法执行构造函数。因为该代码无法执行,所以不会自动加载依赖项。如果需要对依赖项进行检查,则必须自行加载。2

3
将程序集加载到只反射加载上下文中4
使用 ReflectionOnlyLoad(String) 方法重载可加载给定了显示名称的程序集,而使用 ReflectionOnlyLoadFrom 方法可加载给定了路径的程序集。如果该程序集为二进制文件映像,则使用 ReflectionOnlyLoad(array<Byte>[]()[]) 方法重载。5

6
注意: 7
您不能使用只反射上下文从非执行上下文中的 .NET Framework 版本加载 mscorlib.dll 版本。8
9

10
如果该程序集具有依赖项,ReflectionOnlyLoad 方法不会加载这些依赖项。如果需要对依赖项进行检查,则必须自行加载。11

12
使用程序集的 ReflectionOnly 属性确定是否将该程序集加载到了只反射上下文中。13

14
如果向该程序集或程序集中的类型应用了属性,则应通过使用 CustomAttributeData 类检查这些属性,以确保未尝试在只反射上下文中执行代码。使用 CustomAttributeData..::.GetCustomAttributes 方法的适当重载可获取表示应用于程序集、成员、模块或参数的属性的 CustomAttributeData 对象。15

16
注意: 17
应用于该程序集或其内容的属性可能是在该程序集中定义的,也可能是在加载到只反射上下文中的另一个程序集中定义的。无法事先知道这些属性是在何处定义的。18
19

20
示例21
下面的代码示例演示如何检查应用于加载到只反射上下文中的程序集的属性。22

23
该代码示例定义了一个带有两个构造函数和一个属性 (Property) 的自定义属性 (Attribute)。该属性可应用于程序集、在该程序集中声明的类型、该类型的方法以及该方法的参数。在执行时,该程序集将其本身加载到只反射上下文中,并显示应用到它及它包含的类型和成员的自定义属性的有关信息。24

25
注意: 26
为简化该代码示例,该程序集自行完成加载和检查操作。通常情况下,不要在执行上下文和只反射上下文中加载同一程序集。27
28

29
Visual Basic 复制代码 30
Imports System31
Imports System.Reflection32
Imports System.Collections.Generic33
Imports System.Collections.ObjectModel34

35
' The example attribute is applied to the assembly.36
<Assembly:Example(ExampleKind.ThirdKind, Note:="This is a note on the assembly.")>37

38
' An enumeration used by the ExampleAttribute class.39
Public Enum ExampleKind40
FirstKind41
SecondKind42
ThirdKind43
FourthKind44
End Enum45

46
' An example attribute. The attribute can be applied to all47
' targets, from assemblies to parameters.48
'49
<AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.All)> _50
Public Class ExampleAttribute51
Inherits Attribute52

53
' Data for properties.54
Private kindValue As ExampleKind55
Private noteValue As String56
Private arrayStrings() As String57
Private arrayNumbers() As Integer58

59
' Constructors. The parameterless constructor (.ctor) calls60
' the constructor that specifies ExampleKind and an array of61
' strings, and supplies the default values.62
'63
Public Sub New(ByVal initKind As ExampleKind, ByVal initStrings() As String)64
kindValue = initKind65
arrayStrings = initStrings66
End Sub67
Public Sub New(ByVal initKind As ExampleKind)68
Me.New(initKind, Nothing)69
End Sub70
Public Sub New()71
Me.New(ExampleKind.FirstKind, Nothing)72
End Sub73

74
' Properties. The Note and Numbers properties must be read/write, so they 75
' can be used as named parameters.76
'77
Public ReadOnly Property Kind As ExampleKind78
Get79
Return kindValue 80
End Get81
End Property82
Public ReadOnly Property Strings As String()83
Get84
Return arrayStrings 85
End Get86
End Property87
Public Property Note As String88
Get89
Return noteValue 90
End Get91
Set92
noteValue = value93
End Set94
End Property95
Public Property Numbers As Integer()96
Get97
Return arrayNumbers 98
End Get99
Set100
arrayNumbers = value101
End Set102
End Property103
End Class104

105
' The example attribute is applied to the test class.106
'107
<Example(ExampleKind.SecondKind, _108
New String() { "String array argument, line 1", _109
"String array argument, line 2", _110
"String array argument, line 3" }, _111
Note := "This is a note on the class.", _112
Numbers := New Integer() { 53, 57, 59 })> _113
Public Class Test114
' The example attribute is applied to a method, using the115
' parameterless constructor and supplying a named argument.116
' The attribute is also applied to the method parameter.117
'118
<Example(Note:="This is a note on a method.")> _119
Public Sub TestMethod(<Example()> ByVal arg As Object)120
End Sub121

122
' Sub Main gets objects representing the assembly, the test123
' type, the test method, and the method parameter. Custom124
' attribute data is displayed for each of these.125
'126
Public Shared Sub Main()127
Dim asm As [Assembly] = Assembly.ReflectionOnlyLoad("source")128
Dim t As Type = asm.GetType("Test")129
Dim m As MethodInfo = t.GetMethod("TestMethod")130
Dim p() As ParameterInfo = m.GetParameters()131

132
Console.WriteLine(vbCrLf & "Attributes for assembly: {0}", asm)133
ShowAttributeData(CustomAttributeData.GetCustomAttributes(asm))134
Console.WriteLine(vbCrLf & "Attributes for type: {0}", t)135
ShowAttributeData(CustomAttributeData.GetCustomAttributes(t))136
Console.WriteLine(vbCrLf & "Attributes for member: {0}", m)137
ShowAttributeData(CustomAttributeData.GetCustomAttributes(m))138
Console.WriteLine(vbCrLf & "Attributes for parameter: {0}", p)139
ShowAttributeData(CustomAttributeData.GetCustomAttributes(p(0)))140
End Sub141

142
Private Shared Sub ShowAttributeData( _143
ByVal attributes As IList(Of CustomAttributeData))144

145
For Each cad As CustomAttributeData _146
In CType(attributes, IEnumerable(Of CustomAttributeData))147

148
Console.WriteLine(" {0}", cad)149
Console.WriteLine(" Constructor: {0}", cad.Constructor)150

151
Console.WriteLine(" Constructor arguments:")152
For Each cata As CustomAttributeTypedArgument _153
In CType(cad.ConstructorArguments, IEnumerable(Of CustomAttributeTypedArgument))154

155
ShowValueOrArray(cata)156
Next157

158
Console.WriteLine(" Named arguments:")159
For Each cana As CustomAttributeNamedArgument _160
In CType(cad.NamedArguments, IEnumerable(Of CustomAttributeNamedArgument))161

162
Console.WriteLine(" MemberInfo: {0}", _163
cana.MemberInfo)164
ShowValueOrArray(cana.TypedValue)165
Next166
Next167
End Sub168

169
Private Shared Sub ShowValueOrArray(ByVal cata As CustomAttributeTypedArgument)170
If cata.Value.GetType() Is GetType(ReadOnlyCollection(Of CustomAttributeTypedArgument)) Then171
Console.WriteLine(" Array of {0}:", cata.ArgumentType)172

173
For Each cataElement As CustomAttributeTypedArgument In cata.Value174
Console.WriteLine(" Type: {0} Value: {1}", _175
cataElement.ArgumentType, cataElement.Value)176
Next177
Else178
Console.WriteLine(" Type: {0} Value: {1}", _179
cata.ArgumentType, cata.Value)180
End If 181
End Sub182
End Class183

184
' This code example produces output similar to the following:185
'186
'Attributes for assembly: source, Version=0.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null187
' [ExampleAttribute((ExampleKind)2, Note = "This is a note on the assembly.")]188
' Constructor: Void .ctor(ExampleKind)189
' Constructor arguments:190
' Type: ExampleKind Value: 2191
' Named arguments:192
' MemberInfo: System.String Note193
' Type: System.String Value: This is a note on the assembly.194
' [System.Runtime.CompilerServices.CompilationRelaxationsAttribute((Int32)8)]195
' Constructor: Void .ctor(Int32)196
' Constructor arguments:197
' Type: System.Int32 Value: 8198
' Named arguments:199
'200
'Attributes for type: Test201
' [ExampleAttribute((ExampleKind)1, new String[3] { "String array argument, line 1", "String array argument, line 2", "String array argument, line 3" }, Note = "This is a note on the class.", Numbers = new Int32[3] { 53, 57, 59 })]202
' Constructor: Void .ctor(ExampleKind, System.String[])203
' Constructor arguments:204
' Type: ExampleKind Value: 1205
' Array of System.String[]:206
' Type: System.String Value: String array argument, line 1207
' Type: System.String Value: String array argument, line 2208
' Type: System.String Value: String array argument, line 3209
' Named arguments:210
' MemberInfo: System.String Note211
' Type: System.String Value: This is a note on the class.212
' MemberInfo: Int32[] Numbers213
' Array of System.Int32[]:214
' Type: System.Int32 Value: 53215
' Type: System.Int32 Value: 57216
' Type: System.Int32 Value: 59217
'218
'Attributes for member: Void TestMethod(System.Object)219
' [ExampleAttribute(Note = "This is a note on a method.")]220
' Constructor: Void .ctor()221
' Constructor arguments:222
' Named arguments:223
' MemberInfo: System.String Note224
' Type: System.String Value: This is a note on a method.225
'226
'Attributes for parameter: System.Object arg227
' [ExampleAttribute()]228
' Constructor: Void .ctor()229
' Constructor arguments:230
' Named arguments:231

232

233
234
C# 复制代码 235
using System;236
using System.Reflection;237
using System.Collections.Generic;238
using System.Collections.ObjectModel;239

240
// The example attribute is applied to the assembly.241
[assembly:Example(ExampleKind.ThirdKind, Note="This is a note on the assembly.")]242

243
// An enumeration used by the ExampleAttribute class.244
public enum ExampleKind245
{246
FirstKind, 247
SecondKind, 248
ThirdKind, 249
FourthKind250
};251

252
// An example attribute. The attribute can be applied to all253
// targets, from assemblies to parameters.254
//255
[AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.All)]256
public class ExampleAttribute : Attribute257
{258
// Data for properties.259
private ExampleKind kindValue;260
private string noteValue;261
private string[] arrayStrings;262
private int[] arrayNumbers;263

264
// Constructors. The parameterless constructor (.ctor) calls265
// the constructor that specifies ExampleKind and an array of 266
// strings, and supplies the default values.267
//268
public ExampleAttribute(ExampleKind initKind, string[] initStrings)269
{270
kindValue = initKind;271
arrayStrings = initStrings;272
}273
public ExampleAttribute(ExampleKind initKind) : this(initKind, null) {}274
public ExampleAttribute() : this(ExampleKind.FirstKind, null) {}275

276
// Properties. The Note and Numbers properties must be read/write, so they277
// can be used as named parameters.278
//279
public ExampleKind Kind { get { return kindValue; }}280
public string[] Strings { get { return arrayStrings; }}281
public string Note 282
{283
get { return noteValue; }284
set { noteValue = value; }285
}286
public int[] Numbers287
{288
get { return arrayNumbers; }289
set { arrayNumbers = value; }290
}291
}292

293
// The example attribute is applied to the test class.294
//295
[Example(ExampleKind.SecondKind, 296
new string[] { "String array argument, line 1", 297
"String array argument, line 2", 298
"String array argument, line 3" }, 299
Note="This is a note on the class.",300
Numbers = new int[] { 53, 57, 59 })] 301
public class Test302
{303
// The example attribute is applied to a method, using the304
// parameterless constructor and supplying a named argument.305
// The attribute is also applied to the method parameter.306
//307
[Example(Note="This is a note on a method.")]308
public void TestMethod([Example] object arg) { }309

310
// Main() gets objects representing the assembly, the test311
// type, the test method, and the method parameter. Custom312
// attribute data is displayed for each of these.313
//314
public static void Main()315
{316
Assembly asm = Assembly.ReflectionOnlyLoad("Source");317
Type t = asm.GetType("Test");318
MethodInfo m = t.GetMethod("TestMethod");319
ParameterInfo[] p = m.GetParameters();320

321
Console.WriteLine("\r\nAttributes for assembly: {0}", asm);322
ShowAttributeData(CustomAttributeData.GetCustomAttributes(asm));323
Console.WriteLine("\r\nAttributes for type: {0}", t);324
ShowAttributeData(CustomAttributeData.GetCustomAttributes(t));325
Console.WriteLine("\r\nAttributes for member: {0}", m);326
ShowAttributeData(CustomAttributeData.GetCustomAttributes(m));327
Console.WriteLine("\r\nAttributes for parameter: {0}", p);328
ShowAttributeData(CustomAttributeData.GetCustomAttributes(p[0]));329
}330

331
private static void ShowAttributeData(332
IList<CustomAttributeData> attributes)333
{334
foreach( CustomAttributeData cad in attributes )335
{336
Console.WriteLine(" {0}", cad);337
Console.WriteLine(" Constructor: {0}", cad.Constructor);338

339
Console.WriteLine(" Constructor arguments:");340
foreach( CustomAttributeTypedArgument cata 341
in cad.ConstructorArguments )342
{343
ShowValueOrArray(cata);344
}345

346
Console.WriteLine(" Named arguments:");347
foreach( CustomAttributeNamedArgument cana 348
in cad.NamedArguments )349
{350
Console.WriteLine(" MemberInfo: {0}", 351
cana.MemberInfo);352
ShowValueOrArray(cana.TypedValue);353
}354
}355
}356

357
private static void ShowValueOrArray(CustomAttributeTypedArgument cata)358
{359
if (cata.Value.GetType() == typeof(ReadOnlyCollection<CustomAttributeTypedArgument>))360
{361
Console.WriteLine(" Array of {0}:", cata.ArgumentType);362

363
foreach (CustomAttributeTypedArgument cataElement in 364
(ReadOnlyCollection<CustomAttributeTypedArgument>) cata.Value)365
{366
Console.WriteLine(" Type: {0} Value: {1}",367
cataElement.ArgumentType, cataElement.Value);368
}369
}370
else371
{372
Console.WriteLine(" Type: {0} Value: {1}", 373
cata.ArgumentType, cata.Value);374
}375
}376
}377

378
/* This code example produces output similar to the following:379

380
Attributes for assembly: source, Version=0.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null381
[ExampleAttribute((ExampleKind)2, Note = "This is a note on the assembly.")]382
Constructor: Void .ctor(ExampleKind)383
Constructor arguments:384
Type: ExampleKind Value: 2385
Named arguments:386
MemberInfo: System.String Note387
Type: System.String Value: This is a note on the assembly.388
[System.Runtime.CompilerServices.CompilationRelaxationsAttribute((Int32)8)]389
Constructor: Void .ctor(Int32)390
Constructor arguments:391
Type: System.Int32 Value: 8392
Named arguments:393

394
Attributes for type: Test395
[ExampleAttribute((ExampleKind)1, new String[3] { "String array argument, line 1", "String array argument, line 2", "String array argument, line 3" }, Note = "This is a note on the class.", Numbers = new Int32[3] { 53, 57, 59 })]396
Constructor: Void .ctor(ExampleKind, System.String[])397
Constructor arguments:398
Type: ExampleKind Value: 1399
Array of System.String[]:400
Type: System.String Value: String array argument, line 1401
Type: System.String Value: String array argument, line 2402
Type: System.String Value: String array argument, line 3403
Named arguments:404
MemberInfo: System.String Note405
Type: System.String Value: This is a note on the class.406
MemberInfo: Int32[] Numbers407
Array of System.Int32[]:408
Type: System.Int32 Value: 53409
Type: System.Int32 Value: 57410
Type: System.Int32 Value: 59411

412
Attributes for member: Void TestMethod(System.Object)413
[ExampleAttribute(Note = "This is a note on a method.")]414
Constructor: Void .ctor()415
Constructor arguments:416
Named arguments:417
MemberInfo: System.String Note418
Type: System.String Value: This is a note on a method.419

420
Attributes for parameter: System.Object arg421
[ExampleAttribute()]422
Constructor: Void .ctor()423
Constructor arguments:424
Named arguments:425
*/426

427
428

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